Unit 5 Section Ⅰ Starting out-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年新教材高二英语选择性必修第二册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书word（外研版）

单元目标速览 单元话题导入 学生用书第114页 Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas—Reading comprehension Step One：Pre-reading 1．Do you know food chain？Look at the pictures and their connection. Answers may vary. 2．Are humans part of Earth's ecosystems？Why? Yes，because all living things live in ecosystems and humans are living things.We are all connected.From the smallest ant to the tallest tree，each and every creature is part of the ecosystem. Step Two：While-reading Ⅰ.Read for the main idea What's the main idea of the passage? A．Macquarie Island was saved from destruction. B．All kinds of creatures live in harmony in Macquarie Island. C．How did mankind destroy Macquarie Island? D．Macquarie Island's unique scenery. 答案：A Ⅱ.Match the main idea with each paragraph (　)1.Para.1　　(　)2.Para.2　　(　)3.Para.3 (　)4.Para.4　　(　)5.Para.5　　(　)6.Para.6 A．The rabbits remained out of control and a virus was released onto the island. B．Rabbits were introduced to the island and they multiplied rapidly. C．The rats，mice and rabbits increased again. D．Macquarie Island is very beautiful. E．The author comes here to solve the problem. F．Rats，mice and cats were brought to the island. 答案：1－6 DFBACE Ⅲ.Read for the structure Ⅳ.Read for details 1．What does the author want to tell us in the first paragraph? A．Macquarie Island is beautiful. B．Macquarie Island has a world-class name. C．There are lots of penguins on Macquarie Island. D．It is not easy for people to get to Macquarie Island. 学生用书第115页 2．How did rats and mice get to Macquarie Island? A．They were brought to the island by lovers of pets. B．They swam to the island from Australia. C．They were brought to the island by accident. D．They were raised on the island as human food. 3．What can we infer from the former methods of controlling invading species? A．They all brought about some negative effects to the ecosystem. B．It turned out to be quite successful in the end. C．The number of rats was under good control. D．The rabbits developed a new appetite for birds. 4．Why does the author come to the island this time? A．To do some voluntary work. B．To train his dogs to catch rats. C．To attend a meeting on the island. D．To control the invading species. 答案：1－4：ACAD Step Three：Post-reading Ⅰ.难句解构 1．The end result was that parakeets，once large in number and native to the island，died out in 1891. 形容词短语作定语 尝试翻译　最终的结果是，岛上原本数量众多的本土鸟类——长尾鹦鹉，在1891年灭绝了。 2．The next step is to remove the last remaining invading species，and that's where I come in—with my dogs． 动词不定式作表语 尝试翻译　接下来的一步是清除最后残存的入侵物种，我带着我的狗参与到这一过程中来。 Ⅱ.佳句仿写 1．教材佳句　Strong winds and stormy seas have helped sculpt its long，thin shape.(环境描写) 学后仿写　风可怕地嚎叫，雨从天空倾斜而来，拍打着成排的树枝。 The wind was howling dreadfully and the rain was pouring from the sky，whipping against the branches of lined trees. 2．教材佳句　The green grass and bare rock of its landscape contrast dramatically，giving it a wild and natural beauty.(环境描写) 学后仿写　月亮被高举在天空的上方，照耀着她那光滑而迷人的月光。 The moon was held up above the sky，shining her smooth and charming moonlight. Ⅲ.品质升华 1．What's your opinion about invading species？(Critical Thinking批判性思维) I think it is a phenomenon caused by human behavior.It will cause great harm to the native species and it can be hard to remove. 2．Is it easy for the destroyed nature to recover and why？(Creative Thinking创造性思维) No，because it takes thousands or even millions of years for the nature to develop into the present condition.Once it is destroyed，it is difficult or impossible to recover to the original states. 学生用书第116页 ………………………………………………………………………………………◎ ①chaos/'keɪɒs/n.大混乱；紊乱 ②halfway/ˌhɑːf'weɪ/adj.中间的，半途的 adv.在……的中间，在中途，到一半 the halfway point/stage中间点/阶段 ③strong winds强劲的风 high winds大风 a light wind微风 ④stormy seas波涛汹涌的大海 ⑤sculpt 熟词生义 vt. 使具有某种形状 ⑥contrast dramatically对比鲜明 contrast sharply相差甚远 contrast 熟词生义 vi. (靠近或作比较时)显出明显的差异，形成对比 dramatically/drə'mætɪkli/adv.显著地 ⑦heritage/'herɪtɪdʒ/n.遗产；传统 ⑧fail to do sth未能做某事 ⑨native inhabitants本土动物；本地居民 inhabitant/ɪn'hæbɪtənt/n.栖息的动物 ⑩in harmony with...与……协调，与……和睦 harmony n．融洽，和睦 harmonious adj.和睦的，融洽的 ⑪tell a different story说的情况迥然不同 story 熟词生义 n. (真实情况的)叙述，描述 ⑫unknowingly/ʌn'nəʊɪŋli/adv.不知情地 ⑬rats and mice大大小小的老鼠 rat/ræt/n.大老鼠 mouse n．老鼠，耗子 ⑭take over接管，接手 ⑮subsequently/'sʌbsɪkwəntli/adv.后来，随后 ⑯develop an appetite for...对……产生食欲 appetite/'æpətaɪt/n.胃口，食欲 ⑰loose adj.不受约束，未束缚，自由 [形近]lose vt.(lost，lost)遗失，丢失 loss n．[U，C，usually sing.]丧失，损失 ⑱multiply/'mʌltɪplaɪ/v.(使)大大增加，(使)倍增 ⑲explode/ɪk'spləʊd/v.突然增加 ⑳plentiful/'plentɪfl/adj.大量的，众多的，充足的，丰富的 ㉑the number of...……的数量 ㉒in turn相应地，转而 take turns轮流 ㉓parakeet/'pærəkiːt/n.长尾(小)鹦鹉 ㉔in the 1970s在20世纪70年代 ㉕out of control失去控制，无法管理 ㉖remove...from...使……从……消失 remove vt.使消失，去除，排除 ㉗virus n．病毒 the flu virus流感病毒 a virus infection病毒感染 ㉘release/rɪ'liːs/vt.释放 ㉙decrease from...to...从……减少到…… decrease/dɪ'kriːs/v.(使)减少，(使)变小 [反义]increase vi.&vt.(使)增长，增加 ㉚in consequence结果 ㉛up to达到(某数量、程度等) ㉜trap/træp/n.夹子，陷阱 ㉝be used to do sth被用来做某事 ㉞departure from...离开…… departure/dɪ'pɑːtʃə/n.离开 ㉟turn out原来是，证明是，结果是 ㊱develop an immunity to...形成对……的免疫力 immunity/ɪ'mjuːnɪti/n.免疫力 ㊲collapse/kə'læps/v.倒坍；塌下 ㊳a substantial number of相当多的 substantial/səb'stænʃ(ə)l/adj.大量的，多的 ㊴incident/'ɪnsɪd(ə)nt/n.事件 ㊵sth needs doing某事需要被做 ㊶once and for all最终地，最后地，彻底地，一次了结地 ㊷tackle/'tækl/vt.处理，对付(难题) ㊸very　熟词生义 adj.(特指人或事物)正是的，恰好的，同一的 ㊹invading species侵袭性物种 invade/ɪn'veɪd/vt.(尤指造成损害或混乱地)涌入，侵袭 invasion n．涌入 ㊺intervention/ˌɪntə'venʃ(ə)n/n.干预，介入 ㊻owe it to...to do sth(认为)应该为……做某事 owe it to yourself to do sth(认为)自己应该做某事 owe/əʊ/v.应该做；对……负有……的义务 ㊼postscript/'pəʊsˌskrɪpt/n.附言 ㊽pest-free adj.没有害兽/鸟/虫的 pest/pest/n.有害小动物；害虫 ㊾ecology/ɪ'kɒlədʒi/n.生态 ecologist n．生态学家 ecological adj.生态的 ㊿on the road to recovery走上复苏之路 recovery n．改善，回升，复苏 recover vi.复原，恢复常态 ◎……………………………………………………………………………………… MACQUARIE ISLAND： from Chaos①to Conservation 1 I am standing on Macquarie Island，in the South-west Pacific Ocean，halfway② between Australia and Antarctica.Strong winds③ and stormy seas④ have helped sculpt⑤ its long，thin shape.The green grass and bare rock of its landscape contrast dramatically⑥，giving it a wild and natural beauty[1].No visitor would think it surprising that the island is a UNESCO World Heritage⑦ Site.Nor would they fail to⑧ imagine how its native inhabitants⑨，including royal penguins，king penguins，and elephant seals，existed in perfect harmony with⑩ their natural habitat for thousands of years.[2] [1]此处为动词-ing形式短语作结果状语。 [2]本句为主从复合句。主句中，否定词Nor置于句首，句子采用了部分倒装。how在此引导了一个宾语从句，作动词imagine的宾语。 2 But the island's more recent history tells a different story⑪.It's a tragic story that began in 1810 when humans arrived on the island.[3]In their ships they unknowingly⑫brought rats and mice⑬.These small animals quickly took over⑭ the island, eating the birds' eggs and attacking baby birds[4].Cats were brought to the island to control the rats and mice.Unfortunately，the cats subsequently⑮ developed an appetite for⑯ the birds，too. [3]本句中的It指的是前面的a different story。that在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词a tragic story；该定语从句中又包含一个when引导的定语从句，修饰先行词1810，when在此定语从句中作时间状语。 [4]画线部分中的eating...eggs和attacking...birds是and连接的两个并列的动词-ing形式短语，在句中作伴随状语。 学生用书第117页 3 Meanwhile，rabbits were introduced to the island as a source of food for humans.Loose⑰ on the island，they did what rabbits do best [5]—they multiplied⑱ rapidly and began eating the native vegetation and digging holes，which caused soil erosion.The exploding⑲ rabbit population provided plentiful⑳ food for the cats，meaning that the number of㉑ cats also increased.This in turn㉒ led to more cats hunting the birds.The end result was that parakeets㉓，once large in number and native to the island，died out in 1891[6]. [5]本句为主从复合句。句中的Loose on the island是形容词短语作状语，说明主语的状态。动词did的后面是一个由what引导的宾语从句。 [6]此处为that引导的表语从句。 4 Even after Macquarie Island became an official nature reserve in the 1970s㉔，the rabbits remained out of control㉕.Experts felt it necessary to come up with a plan to remove all the rabbits from㉖ the island.With this goal in mind[7]，a virus㉗was released㉘onto the island.But although the virus caused the rabbit population to decrease from 130，000 to㉙ around 10，000，it also meant less food for the cats.The cats in consequence㉚ turned their attention—and their stomachs—back to the native birds，killing up to㉛ 60，000 each year.In the 1980s，traps㉜ and dogs were used to㉝ catch the cats.The last Macquarie Island cat was caught in 2000. [7]With this goal in mind属于with复合结构，介词短语in mind作宾语补足语，该结构在句中作状语。 5 But as the saying goes[8]，“ While the cat's away，the mice will play.” With the departure of the cats from㉞ the island，the mouse and rat population started to increase.And remember those 10，000 or so rabbits？It turned out㉟ that they developed an immunity to㊱ the virus，and their numbers exploded once again.Then，in 2006，the rabbits' digging caused some land to collapse㊲，and killed a substantial number of㊳ penguins. 学生用书第118页 This incident㊴ made it clear that the rat，mouse and rabbit problem needed solving㊵ once and for all㊶. [9] [8]as the saying goes是as引导的非限制性定语从句，as代替后面的句子。 [9]it在本句中作形式宾语，后面的形容词clear是宾语补足语，that从句则在句中作made的真正宾语。 6 So，I am here on Macquarie Island to participate in the programme to tackle㊷ this very㊸ problem.The first step involved poison being dropped from helicopters.The next step is to remove the last remaining invading species㊹，and that's where I come in—with my dogs.They have been trained to find every last one，without harming the native animals.This intervention㊺ is a long，much-delayed ending to a sad story，but we humans owe it to the island to㊻ give it a happy ending. Postscript㊼：In 2014，Macquarie Island was declared pest-free㊽ and the island's ecology㊾ is finally on the road to recovery㊿. [文化采风] 麦夸里岛(Macquarie Island)是澳大利亚的一个岛，位于太平洋西南边陲。麦夸里岛平均海拔240米，岸外有几个岩石小岛。1948年起设有气象和地质考察站。岛上动植物资源丰富，有海豹栖息地。麦夸里岛是地球上唯一一处岩石从地幔下(海洋下6千米深处)活跃升出海平面的地方，这些罕见的升出海面的岩石包括玄武岩等岩体。 ………………………………………………………………………………………◎ 麦夸里岛：从紊乱到修复 1 我此刻正站在麦夸里岛上，它位于太平洋西南部，澳大利亚和南极洲中间。强风以及波涛汹涌的大海使它形成了细长的形状。景色中绿意盎然的草地和光秃秃的岩石对比鲜明，给这座岛带来一种野性和自然之美。这座岛屿被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产保护区，任何游客都不会对此感到意外。在这里，他们能想象出本土动物，包括皇家企鹅、帝企鹅和象海豹，是如何与它们的天然栖息地和谐共存几千年的。 2 不过，这座岛屿更近期的历史讲述的情况迥然不同。那是一个始于1810年的悲剧故事，在那年，人类来到这座岛上。在毫不知情的情况下，他们的船只带来了大大小小的老鼠。这些小动物很快占领了这座岛屿，吃鸟蛋并攻击雏鸟。猫被带到这座岛上来控制这些大大小小的老鼠。不幸的是，这些猫随后也对鸟类产生了食欲。 3与此同时，作为人类的食物来源，兔子被引进到这座岛上。不受束缚的兔子做了它们最擅长的事情——它们迅速繁殖，开始吃当地的植物并且挖洞，这导致了水土流失。兔子数量的迅猛增长为猫提供了充足的食物，这意味着猫的数量也增加了。相应地这导致更多的猫捕食鸟类。最终的结果是，岛上原本数量众多的本土鸟类——长尾鹦鹉，在1891年灭绝。 学生用书第119页 4 甚至在20世纪70年代，麦夸里岛成为官方认定的自然保护区后，兔子仍然无法控制。专家们认为，必须找到一个方案使所有的兔子都从岛上消失。怀着这个目标，他们在岛上投放了一种病毒。但是虽然该病毒使得兔子的数量从13万只减少到1万只左右，这也意味着猫的食物更少了。结果这些猫把它们的注意力——以及它们的胃口——转回到当地的鸟类身上，它们每年杀死的鸟多达6万只。20世纪80年代，陷阱和狗被用来抓猫。麦夸里岛上的最后一只猫在2000年被捕获。 5 但正如俗语所说，“山中无老虎，猴子称大王。”随着岛上猫的离开，大小老鼠的数量开始上升。还记得那一万只左右的兔子吗？结果这些兔子对病毒产生了免疫力，它们的数量再次激增。然后，在2006年，兔子挖洞导致一些土地坍塌，使得大量的企鹅丧生。这一事件清楚地表明，老鼠和兔子的问题需要得到彻底解决。 6 因此，我来到麦夸里岛，正是参加解决这一问题的项目。第一步涉及用直升机投放毒药。接下来的一步是清除最后残存的入侵物种。那就是我带着我的狗涉入的阶段。这些狗受过训练，能在不伤害岛上本土动物的前提下，找到所有剩余的入侵物种。这样的干预将为这个悲剧故事画上一个长长的、迟来的句号，而这是我们人类应该为这座岛所做的事情——给它一个幸福的结局。 附言：2014年，麦夸里岛被宣布为非兽害区，并且岛上的生态终于走上了复苏之路。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $