Unit 4 Looking Good,Feeling Good Welcome to the unit & Reading 导学案-2025-2026学年高一英语牛津译林版必修第一册

年 级：高一 科 目：英语 内 容：B1 U4-1 Welcome - Reading 【同步知识梳理】 知识点1：do you think 作插入语 原文：What do you think are healthy ways of losing weight? 你认为健康的减肥方式是什么？(教材P44) 本句句型结构为：特殊疑问词+ 插入语 (do you think/ suppose/ say/ suggest/…)+ 陈述语序 本句型常用来征求他人对某事的看法，判断，认识，猜测等，表疑问的插入语起到主句的作用，所以其后一定要跟陈述句语序 What about this waterfall. How high do you think this fall is? 你猜这个瀑布的落差有多高？ "What do you suppose he's thinking about?" asked one. 你猜他在想什么？其中一个问道。 例题训练： ①What _______________ were some of the more persuasive arguments on the other side? 你觉得对方哪些论点更有说服力？ ②What _______________ to protect wildlife? 你建议我们应该做些什么来保护野生动植物呢? Keys：①do you think ②do you suggest we should do 知识点2：pass out 原文：She then passed out in her morning PE lesson and was rushed to hospital.然后她在早上的体育课 上晕倒了，被迅速送往医院。（教材P44） pass out 昏迷，失去知觉；分发 He always passes out at the sight of blood 他总是一见到血就昏迷。 The host passed out the puddings to the guests 主人给客人分发布丁。 同义词：faint vi. 昏厥 pass away去世 pass by经过 pass down传给后人；把……往下传 pass... on to把……传递 I stayed off work, as I didn't want to pass the cold on to others. 我没有去上班，因为我不想把感冒传给别人。 Several people were passing by the old man but nobody offered help. 有几个人从老人身边经过，却没有人主动提出帮助。 知识点3：concentrate 原文：She told me she had trouble concentrating in class. 她告诉我她在课堂上注意力不集中。(教材P45) concentrate vt. & vi.集中（注意力，思想等）；全神贯注 concentration n. 集中精力，专心 concentrate on 集中；集中精神于 concentrate… on… 把…集中于 focus on集中；集中精神于 focus… on… 把…集中于 with … concentrated/ focused on 全神贯注于 We need to concentrate resources on the most run-down areas. 我们需要把资源集中用于最衰败的地区。 In this lecture I shall concentrate on the early years of Charles's reign. 这一节课我将着重讲查理王朝的早期统治时期。 With his attention concentrated on the book, he didn’t notice his mother come in. 他全神贯注地看书，没有注意到他妈妈进来了。 例题训练： ①It was ___________________ his studies and make something of himself. 他能否专心学习并有所成就取决于他自己。 ②If you ___________________ studying English, you will master the language. 如果你将全部精力集中在英语学习上，你就会掌握这门语言。 ③You cannot afford to ___________________ for a moment. 你必须集中精力，一刻都不能松懈。 Keys：① up to him to concentrate on ② concentrate all your energies on ③relax your concentration 知识点4：extreme / 定语从句 In a society where being thin is often seen as being beautiful, teenagers sometimes turn to extreme methods to slim down quickly.（教材P45） （1）extreme extreme adj. 极端的；严重的 n.极端不同的感情(或境况、行为方式等) extremely adv.极端地；非常；极其 go to extremes极端 It is hard to imagine Jessie doing anything so extreme.很难想象杰西能做这样过激的事情。 We all fail to find a "middle way "between the extremes of success and failure. 我们都没有找到成功与失败两个极端之间的“中间道” 例题训练： ①His opinions often go_______________________(从一个极端走向另一个). ②Whenever I have to give a speech____________________ (极度紧张)before I start ③We are working under____________________ (极大的压力) )at the moment Keys：①from one extreme to the other ② extremely nervous ③extreme pressure （2）本句为复合句。句中where引导定语从句，修饰先行词society。 where引导定语从句 where引导定语从句的用法： (1)先行词往往是表示具体地点的名词(如place,school,house等)或表示要抽象地点的名词(如point,situation, case,position等); (2) where在定语从句中做地点状语，相当于“介词+ which”,可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。 This is the house where/in which I lived two years ago.这是我两年前住的房子。 We have reached a point where a change is needed.我们到了需要改变的地步。 She is going to settle in Macao,, where/in which she has some close friends. 她要到澳门定居，在那里她有一些密友。 特别提醒：先行词为表示地点的名词时，其后的定语从句并非都用where来引导。 试比较： The place where Lu Xun once worked has become a museum.(从句中缺少地点状语，故关系词用 where) The place which/that I visited last week is in Hong Kong.(从句中缺少宾语，故关系词用which或that) 例题训练： ①When harvest came around,he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market people from the towns met regularly. ②Thursday sees us make the short journey to Paris we will visit Disneyland Paris park, staying until late to see the parade and the fireworks. ③Finally,he reached a lonely island was completely cut off from the outside world. Keys： ①where分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词“the market”,且空处在定语从句中做地点状语，故填 where。 ②where分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导定语从句，且在定语从句中做地点状语，故填 where。 ③ that/which分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为“a lonely island”,并且该先行词表示地点，但是关系词却不能用 where,因为关系词在定语从句中做主语，而非做地点状语，故填 that/which 知识点5：concerned 原文：Health experts are concerned about these figures.健康专家对这些数字表示担忧。（教材P45） concerned adj.担心的，忧虑的；关注的，关切的 be concerned about担心；关心 be concerned with与……相关；关注 as far as sb be concerned在某人看来；就……而言 concerned to do 做……很担心 As far as I am concerned,education experts should be concerned about the problems that are concerned with the healthy growth of the children.依我之见，教育专家应该关心与儿童健康成长有关的问题。 Now people are often so concerned with what's happening on social media that they ignore what' s going on around them.现在人们常常如此关注社交媒体上发生的事情而忽视了他们身边所发生的事情。 例题训练： ①_________________________(就我而言）, reading English newspapers benefits students a lot. ②Please be present on time because the meeting _________________(与......有关) everyone. Keys：①As far as I am concerned ② is concerned with 知识点6：effect 原文：They are increasing their efforts to educate teens about the side effects of losing weight too quickly . 他们正在加大力度来教育青少年减肥过快的副作用。 (教材P45) effect n. 效果，作用，影响 effective adj. 有效的 affect vt. 影响 influence vt./ n. 影响 side effect 副作用 be of no effect 无效 have an effect/ influence on 对… 有影响 bring/ put/ carry … into effect 实施；使…生效 come into effect 生效；开始实施 take effect 生效，起作用 in effect 实际上；生效 ①Despite her ordeal, she seems to have suffered no ill effects . 她尽管备受磨难，但好像未受到不利影响 ②The recommendations will soon be put into effect. 这些建议即将付诸实施。 ③His wife had, in effect, run the government for the past six months. 过去的六个月实际上是他的妻子在执政。 ④The aspirins soon take effect. 阿司匹林药片很快见效 例题训练： ①Does television ________________ children's behaviour? 电视对孩子的行为有影响吗？ ②_______________, the two systems are identical. 实际上，这两种系统完全一样 ③His proposal is practicable in theory but can't _________________. 他的建议在理论上可以，但不能付诸实现。 ④Humour is _________________ than violence. 幽默是比暴力更有效的防御武器。 Keys：① have an effect on ② In effect ③be put into effect ④a more effective defence 知识点7：prove 原文：These so-called ‘quick-fix methods’ prove to be harmful to teenagers.这些所谓的“速效法”被证明对青少年有害。（教材P45） prove vt. linking后来被发现是(后接名词、形容词或不定式) v.证明，证实 proof n.证据 ①This has proved to have a negative effect on what you think of your physical appearance. 这被发现对你对自己外表的看法有负面影响。 ②The technique proved useful in his work.这项技艺被发现在他的工作中很有用。 ③I decided to do an experiment to prove my opinion.我决定做一个实验来证明我的观点 ④Do you have any proof that this man stole your bag?你有什么证据证明这个男人偷了你的包吗? 例题训练： ①I strongly believe I can__________________(证明我的能力) through hard and efficient work in the workshop. ②The old methods ______________ (证明是最好的) after all. Keys：①prove my ability ② proved best 知识点8：…and there is no reason why they should be worried.…并且他们没有理由担心。(教材P45) why引导定语从句，修饰 reason,关系副词why在从句中做原因状语，可用for which代替。 考点提炼：reason后接定语从句的引导词 reason后接定语从句，如果引导词在定语从句中做宾语、定语，从句应由关系代词that which引导(可省略);若做状语，应由why引导。 The reason why… is that……的原因是… the reason for ( doing) sth.(做)某事的原因 Tom should tell me the reason why he was late for our date this morning. 汤姆应该告诉我他今天上午约会迟到的原因。(why做原因状语) Did you hear the reason (that) he gave for being late?你听到他为迟到找的理由了吗?(that做宾语) The reason why we don't trust him is that he often lies.我们不信任他的原因是他时常说谎。 The reason why he whispered to me was that he was afraid to be heard by others. 他和我窃窃私语的原因是他害怕被别人听到。 The reason why he was absent was that he was ill. 他缺席的原因是他病了。 The government gave several reasons for increasing the tax on cigarettes. 政府列出了几条增加香烟税收的理由。 例题训练： ①他向我解释他迟到的原因是他没有赶上早班车。(give) One reason for his being late is that he didn’t catch the early bus. ②杰克那时候没有信心和勇气，那就是他放弃那个计划的原因。 ( give) Jack had no confidence and courage at that time. That was the reason ______ ______ _______ _______ ______ ______. ③这就是他在会上解释的他工作疏忽的原因吗?( explain) Is this the reason . for his carelessness in his work? Keys： 1 he gave ②why he gave up the plan ③he explained at the meeting 知识点9：…it is very important that they try to lose weigh properly……他们尽量适当减肥是非常重要的…(教材P45) it is very important that…属于“It+be+adj+that…”句型。 考点提炼：It+be+adj+that引导的主语从句句型 (1)当that引导的从句做主语时，为了保持句平衡，避免头重脚轻，通常把它移到句子后面，用it做形式主语，放在句首。that在句中仅起连接作用，不做成分，但不能省略 (2)“it+be+adj+that引导的主语从句”句型中常见的形容词有clear obvious, evident, true, possible, certain, likely, probable等。 It is obvious that you' ve made a big mistake.显然，你犯了一个大错。 Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week? 那位科学家下周要给我们做讲座，这是真的吗? 特别提醒：在“It is necessary/important/strange/natural+that引导的主语从句”中，从句常用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“should+动词原形”, should可省略。 It is very important that students should learn English well. 学生学好英语很重要。 例题训练： ①可能他还没有收到那封信。 . ②可以肯定的是我们的生活会变得更美好。 . Keys： ①It is possible that he has not received the letter. ②It is certain that our lives will become more beautiful. 知识点10：function / 宾语从句 / 原因状语从句 原文：She pointed out that it is important to have a healthy balanced diet since teenagers are still growing and their bodies need a lot of nutrition to function well.她指出健康均衡的饮食很重要，因为青少年仍然在成长，他们的身体需要大量的营养才能很好地运转。(教材P45) （1）function function vi. 起作用，正常工作，运转 n. 作用，功能，职能 function as 担任…；起…作用 perform a function 发挥功能；发挥作用 as a function of 根据 The sofa also functions as a bed. 这沙发还可当床用。 The family has the important function of socializing children. 家庭有教孩子适应社会的重要作用 Breathing is an automatic function of the body. 呼吸是一种无意识的身体功能。 例题训练： ①__________________ is to pump blood through the body. 心脏的功能就是把血液输往全身。 ②Many children can't__________________ in large classes. 许多孩子在大班上课时学习效果不好。 ③I just have enough room here __________________. 我有足够空间,根据时间变化的构图。 Keys：①The function of the heart ②function effectively ③as a function of time （2）本句为一个复合句。其中that引导一个宾语从句，做pointed out的宾语，在宾语从句中又含有一个since引导的原因状语从句。 考点提炼：since的用法 since做连词时，既可引导原因状语从句，也可引导时间状语从句。做介词时，通常与现在完成时或过去完成时连用。其具体用法如下 (1)conj. 因为，由于，既然；从…以后 Since you are so busy, perhaps we should ask someone else.既然你这么忙，或许我们应该问问别人。 Since we have no money we can't buy a new car. 因为我们没钱，所以不能买一辆新汽车。 (2)adv. 从那以后；自那以来 She left her hometown five years ago. We have not seen her since. 她五年前离开了家乡。从那以后我们就没有再见到她。 Where have you been since I saw you last time? 自从上次我见你之后，你到哪里去了? (3)prep. 从…以来；自以后 He hasn't been home since his marriage. 他自结婚后就没有回过家。 Since then, they have been trying to find out how the fire began. 从那以后，他们一直在设法查明起火的原因。 例题训练： ①It has been ages since we ( meet )last time. Let's have a dinner party in my garden. ②Since1958,the buildings (recognize) as the national theatre of Israel. ③Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, it's all but impossible to find natural substitutes. Keys：①met ②have been recognized ③since/because 知识点11：take in 原文：If they do not take in enough food, they may feel weak and get ill easily. 如果他们没有摄入充足的食物，他们可能会感到虚弱而且容易生病。 (教材P45) take in 摄入；吸收；接受；收留；领会；欺骗 例题训练： 写出下列句子中take in 的汉语意思 ①The kind old lady offered to take in the poor homeless stranger. ②What we collect and take in becomes the source material for what we create. ③I could hardly take in what the old man said. ④If you are taken in by someone or something, you are deceived by them, so that you get a false impression of them. Keys：①收留 ② 吸收 ③领会 ④欺骗 知识点12：frightened 原文：I was very frightened when I woke up in hospital last Tuesday.上周四当我在医院醒来时我非常害怕。(教材P47) frightened adj. 害怕的，惊吓的，受惊的 frightening adj. 令人恐惧的；令人害怕的 frighten vt. 使恐惧；使害怕 be frightened at … 对…感到恐惧 be frightened of 害怕… frighten sb into doing sth 恐吓某人做某事 frighten sb out of doing sth 恐吓某人不要做某事 frighten … away 把… 吓跑 He would never frighten anyone or cause them any harm. 他永远不会吓唬或伤害任何人。 I'm frightened of walking home alone in the dark. 我害怕在黑夜单独走路回家。 They were evidently trying to frighten the public into obedience . 很明显，他们是要吓唬众人服从。 It's frightening to think it could happen again. 想到此事可能再次发生就使人不寒而栗。 例题训练： ①No enemy can ______________ submission. 任何敌人的恐吓都不能使我们屈服。 ②He threatened the intruders with a gun and______________. 他用枪威胁闯入者，把他们吓跑了。 ③He was ___________ at the ___________ story.他对那个令人感到恐惧的故事感到恐惧。 Keys：①frighten us into ②frightened them away ③frightened; frightening 知识点13：within 原文：The doctor helped me and I made a full recovery within two days.医生帮了我的忙，不到两天我完全康复了.（P47） within prep.在(某段时间)之内；在(某段距离、范围)之内； 在……里 within one' s reach / right / grasp / power在某人能够到的范围内/的权限内/掌控的范围内/能力范围内 within(easy) reach很接近，靠近 within the limit of..在……范围内 within walking distance在步行距离之内 Please put the book within my reach. 请把书放在我能够到的地方。 The ambulance arrived within minute of the call being made .打电话后几分钟内救护车就到了 beyond prep.在……之外；超出 beyond one' 's reach某人够不到；超出某人的承受范围 You mustn't stay out beyond 10 p.m.晚上十点以后不许在外逗留。 例题训练： ① I wish it is __________________ (在我的能力之内) to change the decision. ② The doctor told us he would recover from the operation________________(两周之内). ③ You should make sure your behaviour is ________________ (在法律允许的范围之内). ④ Our original plan was to rent a flat downtown, but the rent is so high that it is_________________(超出了我们能够承受的范围). Keys：① within my power ② within two weeks ③within the law ④beyond our reach 知识点14：rather 原文：From now on, I’ll pay more attention to my health rather than my weight. 从今以后，我会更注重我的健康而不是体重。 (教材P47) rather adv. 相反，而是；相当；更准确的说 rather than 而不是；宁可…也不愿 would rather 宁愿，宁可 or rather 更精确地说，倒不如说 rather too adv. 稍微...一点 It was a rather difficult question. 这是个相当难的问题。 Why didn't you ask for help, rather than trying to do it on your own?你干吗自己干，而不请人帮忙？ They would rather work than live on welfare. 他们宁愿工作而不愿靠社会保障金过活 例题训练： ①We don't really live anywhere. ______________, we live everywhere. 我们实际上不住在任何地方，或者更确切地说，我们住在所有地方 ②Evidently some of these questions are ______________ to answer. 显然，其中有些问题稍有点难以回答。 ③I _____________ be alone __________ have a false friend for company. 与其拥有虚情假意的朋友的陪伴，我宁愿独身一人。 Keys：①Or rather ②rather too difficult ③would rather; than 知识点15：动名词作主语 原文：Exercising regularly is also an important aspect of a healthy lifestyle. 规律锻炼也是健康生活方式的一个重要方面。(教材P47) 本句中 “Exercising regularly ” 是动名词短语，在句中作主语。 动名词做主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作。此时，谓语动词用单数形式，动名词做主语有三种形式： (1)动名词在句首直接做主语 (2)It 在句首做形式主语，而动名词短语在后面做真正的逻辑上的主语 It is no good/ use/ a waste of time doing 作某事没有好处/ 没有用/ 浪费时间 (3)There be + no + 动名词 Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 It was a waste of time reading that book. 读那本书是浪费时间。 There is no sense developing industry at the cost of the environment. 如果以环境为代价来发展工业是毫无道理的。 例题训练： ①______________ is a good sport in summer.在夏天游泳是一项很好的运动。 ②It is no good _______________. 学而不实践是没好处的。 ③ ______________ about such matters. 对这种事情不是开玩笑。 Keys：①Swimming ②learning without practice ③ There is no joking 【精题精练精讲】 一、单句语法填空 1.We have reached a stage where _______________ (effect) measures must be taken to protect the environment. 2.His taste in clothes is _______________ (extreme) good. 3.My parents were _______________ (concern) about my apparent lack of enthusiasm for study. 4.Each person learns in a _______________ (slight) different way. 5.She was _______________ (frighten) that the plane would crash. 6.Keeping a proper balance between study and rest keeps us _______________ (energy). 7.He watched the bird _______________ (find) out where they would go. 8.Is _______________ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship? 9.I feel quite nostalgic for the place _______________ I grew up. 10.People often stop learning things _______________ they feel they’re not making progress. 二、选词填空 turn to, be concerned about, be harmful to, take in, get into shape, rather than 1.Some plants and animals contain natural poisons that ___________________ people. 2.Facing up to your problem ___________________ running away from them is the best approach to working things out. 3.People ___________________ the quality of the air they breathe. 4.This year I made a resolution to lose weight and finally ___________________. 5.At that time, I wasn’t ___________________ any information he shared with us. 6.I often ___________________ my friends for help when I have difficulty coping with problems. 三、完成句子 1.为了培养孩子们的团队精神,我们会在课后组织小组活动。 Group activities will be organized after class ______________________________________. 2.她还记得他第一次走进她办公室的那一天。 She remembered the day ______________________________________ her office. 3.朱迪身体超重,她需要去减肥。 Judy is overweight,so she ______________________________________. 4.现在,在一些国家,购买一些其他国家制造的产品对人们来说成为可能。 Now in some countries, ______________________________________ products made in other countries. 5.与你的父母沟通可以有助于他们更好地了解你。 ______________________________________them understand you better. 一、单句语法填空 1.effective 2.extremely 3.concerned 4.slightly 5.frightened 6.energetic 7.to find 8.it 9.where 10.because 二、选词填空 1.are harmful to 2.rather than 3.are concerned about 4.get into shape 5.taking in 6.turn to 三、完成句子 1.to help children develop team spirit 2.when he had first walked into 3.needs to slim down 4.it is possible for people to buy 5.Communicating with your parents can help 【能力拓展训练】 七选五 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Should you listen to music when you work? Some will say they love it, claiming that it improves their performance; others will say they cannot work effectively with music playing in the background. ____1____ It just depends on what sort of work you’re doing. In a recent study, we brought participants into our lab with a variety of tasks. They included an easy task — searching through word lists and crossing out words containing the letter “a” and a more difficult task — memorizing word pairs and recalling the partner to each word. Some participants completed all of the tasks in silence, whereas others completed the tasks with instrumental music that was either loud or soft, and either simple or complex, the latter meaning music with more instrumental tracks. ____2____ We found that participants who listened to simple music or no music performed about the same on the easy task. ____3____ Contrarily, participants performed worse on the more difficult task when they listened to any music, regardless of complexity or volume, compared to those who didn’t listen to any music. ____4____ Not surprisingly, we typically need to use fewer of our mental resources when we perform easy tasks, whereas demanding tasks require more brainpower. However, because we might be less engaged during easier tasks, there’s a greater risk of drifting off to sleep. Music might give us the extra boost we need to get refreshed. ____5____ Listening to music can become overkill (过犹不及). So we have to strike a balance between the type of music and the type of task. A. What should we make of these findings? B. Several key findings emerged from our study. C. However, difficult tasks already demand a lot of our mental resources. D. Our research has found that the effects of work may depend on our personalities. E. We want to develop a more comprehensive framework that could be applied broader. F. However, participants who listened to complex music performed best on the easy task. G. Interestingly enough, our research has found that both of these perspectives can be true. 【答案】GBFAC 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过实验来讨论工作的时候该不该听音乐。 【16题详解】 根据前文“Some will say they love it, claiming that it improves their performance; others will say they cannot work effectively with music playing in the background.(有些人会说他们喜欢它，声称它能提高他们的表现;其他人会说他们不能在背景音乐的情况下有效地工作。)”和后文“It just depends on what sort of work you’re doing.(这要看你在做什么工作了。)”可知，不同人对于工作能否听音乐的看法，取决于所做的工作，所以说两种说法都有可取之处。所以选择项G“Interestingly enough, our research has found that both of these perspectives can be true.(有趣的是，我们的研究发现，这两种观点都可能是正确的。)”符合上下文语境。故选G。 【17题详解】 结合上下两段，题干前文“In a recent study, we brought participants into our lab with a variety of tasks. They included an easy task — searching through word lists and crossing out words containing the letter “a” and a more difficult task — memorizing word pairs and recalling the partner to each word. Some participants completed all of the tasks in silence, whereas others completed the tasks with instrumental music that was either loud or soft, and either simple or complex, the latter meaning music with more instrumental tracks”主要介绍了实验参照组之间的区别还有实验流程，后段就开始阐述实验发现，可见题干肯定是总结实验获得了收获。所以选择项B“Several key findings emerged from our study. (我们的研究得出了几个关键的发现。)”符合上下文语境。故选B。 【18题详解】 结合前后文，该段肯定在说不同参照组的实验结果。根据前句“We found that participants who listened to simple music or no music performed about the same on the easy task.(我们发现，听简单音乐或不听音乐的参与者在简单任务上的表现都差不多。)”和后句“Contrarily, participants performed worse on the more difficult task when they listened to any music, regardless of complexity or volume, compared to those who didn’t listen to any music.( 相反，与没听音乐的人相比，听音乐的人在更难的任务上表现得更差，不管音乐的复杂性或音量大小。)”可知，这里为复杂任务听复杂音乐进行讨论。所以选择项F“However, participants who listened to complex music performed best on the easy task. (然而，听复杂音乐的参与者在简单任务上表现最好。)”符合上下文语境。故选F。 【19题详解】 结合题干后文“Not surprisingly, we typically need to use fewer of our mental resources when we perform easy tasks, whereas demanding tasks require more brainpower.”毫不奇怪，当我们执行简单的任务时，我们通常需要更少的脑力资源，而要求更高的任务需要更多的脑力。说的是一些建议，可见讨论的是如何充分利用这个实验结果。所以选择项A“What should we make of these findings? (我们应该如何理解这些发现?)”符合上下文语境。故选A。 【20题详解】 根据后文“Listening to music can become overkill (过犹不及). So we have to strike a balance between the type of music and the type of task.(听音乐可能会变得过犹不及。所以我们必须在音乐类型和任务类型之间取得平衡。)”可知，复杂任务不适合听音乐，因为复杂任务本身就需要精神力消耗。所以选择项C“However, difficult tasks already demand a lot of our mental resources. (然而，困难的任务已经需要我们大量的精神资源。)”符合上下文语境。故选C。 完形填空 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将选项涂黑。 Five years ago, I left my job to work on a ship. My friends said that working on a ship would ____1____ my career, but I was willing to take the risk. ____2____ for the adventure, I boarded a ship with 2,000 passengers and crew. To my ____3____, the ship was well equipped. That first voyage was a learning experience. There was so much new information to ____4____. Even remembering which uniform to wear each day was a ____5____. The most confusing thing was that I often forgot to ____6____ my clock when the ship crossed time zones. As a doctor, I was ____7____ for the 600 crew. The ship’s medical center was ____8____ a floating emergency room, and we didn’t have a team of specialists for a second ____9____. With long hours’ work, it required a strong will. As many of the passengers were elderly, heart attacks could ______10______ anywhere and emergency evacuations (疏散) were difficult to arrange. I remember one such patient, who was taken off the ship halfway. After a(n) ______11______ ride in an old ambulance, I was relieved that the patient arrived at a hospital safely. Thankfully, the job had several unexpected benefits to me. I ______12______ the passenger facilities and I even ______13______ as a tour guide on trips ashore. Now, I understand being a doctor on a ship is not a job — it’s a way of ______14______. I lose my career ambition, ______15______ I know what happiness is in my life. 1. A. block B. ruin C. stop D. improve 2. A. Suitable B. Skillful C. Hungry D. Thankful 3. A. anxiety B. disappointment C. scare D. relief 4. A. take in B. figure out C. give up D. pass on 5. A. lesson B. risk C. challenge D. choice 6. A. set B. repair C. check D. watch 7. A. concerned B. grateful C. helpful D. responsible 8. A. probably B. especially C. certainly D. actually 9. A. examination B. opinion C. argument D. movement 10. A. show B. break C. spread D. happen 11. A. amazing B. boring C. scaring D. surprising 12. A. enjoyed B. cleaned C. fixed D. protected 13. A. refused B. travelled C. volunteered D. returned 14. A. confidence B. business C. experience D. life 15. A. though B. but C. unless D. or 【答案】BCDAC ADDBD CACDB 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者不顾朋友反对，冒险去船上当医生，最后爱上这种生活的故事。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的朋友们说在船上工作会毁了我的事业，但是我愿意冒险。A. block阻碍；B. ruin毁坏；C. stop阻止；D. improve提高。根据“but I was willing to take the risk.”可知，but表转折意义，即朋友们说在船上工作会毁了事业，但作者愿意冒险。故选B。 【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：渴望这次冒险，我登上了有2000名乘客和船员的轮船。A. Suitable适合的；B. Skillful熟练的；C. Hungry渴望的；D. Thankful感激的。根据上文“I was willing to take the risk.”推知，作者渴望冒险。故选C。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：让我感到宽慰的是，轮船的设施很好。A. anxiety焦虑；B. disappointment失望；C. scare害怕；D. relief宽慰。根据“the ship was well equipped.”可知，虽然船上人很多，但设施良好，这让作者感到宽慰。故选D。 【24题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：有如此多的新信息可以吸收。A. take in吸收；B. figure out理解；C. give up放弃；D. pass on传递。结合语境可知，此处是指作者在旅途中吸收新的信息（所见所闻）。故选A。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：甚至记住每天穿哪套制服都是挑战。A. lesson教训；B. risk风险；C. challenge挑战；D. choice选择。根据“The most confusing thing”推知，作者对船上的事不熟悉，因此哪天该穿哪套制服对作者来说是挑战。故选C。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：最令人不解的事情就是当轮船跨过时区时我总是忘记设置时钟（上的时间）。A. set设置；B. repair修理；C. check核查；D. watch看，观察。结合常识可知，当跨过时区时时间就不一样了，需要重新设置钟表上的时间。故选A。 【27题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为医生，我要对600名船员负责。A. concerned担心的；B. grateful感激的；C. helpful有帮助的；D. responsible负责任的。结合作者医生的身份可知，此处是指作者要为600名船员的健康负责，be responsible for“对……负责”。故选D。 【28题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：船上的医疗中心实际上是一个漂浮的急诊室，我们没有一个专家小组征求第二意见。A. probably可能；B. especially尤其；C. certainly当然；D. actually事实上。结合常识和“a floating emergency room”可知，此处是说船上的医疗中心实际上是一个漂浮的急诊室，并不是真正意义上的医疗中心。故选D。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：船上的医疗中心实际上是一个漂浮的急诊室，我们没有一个专家小组征求第二意见。A. examination检查；B. opinion观点；C. argument争论；D. movement运动。根据“we didn’t have a team of specialists”可知，此处是指没有寻求第二意见的专家小组，所有事情都是作者自己负责。故选B。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为很多乘客都是老人，心脏病随时随地都可能发生，而且紧急疏散很难安排。A. show展示；B. break打破；C. spread传播；D. happen发生。根据“As many of the passengers were elderly”可知，此处是指老人随时可能发生心脏病。故选D。 【31题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在乘坐一辆旧救护车进行了一次令人害怕的旅行后，病人安全抵达医院，我感到宽慰。A. amazing令人惊讶的；B. boring无聊的；C. scaring令人害怕的；D. surprising令人惊讶的。根据“in an old ambulance”和“I was relieved”推知，作者觉得这次行程令人害怕。故选C。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我很喜欢这里的客运设施，甚至在岸上旅行时自愿担任导游。A. enjoyed喜欢；B. cleaned打扫；C. fixed修理；D. protected保护。根据“Thankfully, the job had several unexpected benefits to me”可知，作者喜欢这份工作，由此推知她也喜欢客运设施。故选A。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我很喜欢这里的客运设施，甚至在岸上旅行时自愿担任导游。A. refused拒绝；B. travelled旅行；C. volunteered自愿；D. returned返回。结合作者医生的身份推知，在岸上担任旅行导游是自愿做的事情。故选C。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在我明白了在船上当医生不是一份工作——而是一种生活方式。A. confidence信心；B. business生意；C. experience经历；D. life生活。根据“I know what happiness is in my life.”推知，在船上经历一些事情之后，作者把在船上当医生看作一种生活方式。故选D。 【35题详解】 考查连词词义辨析。句意：我没了职业抱负，但我知道生活中什么是真正的快乐。A. though尽管；B. but但是；C. unless除非；D. or或者。根据空前“I lose my career ambition,”可知，作者虽然没有职业抱负，但知道了什么是真正的快乐。上下文为转折关系，应用but连接。故选B。 语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The funeral of Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ in London on Monday ____1____ (union) a nation and attracted the attention of the world. But as the day ended, some nations started conversations about the future of this system that reminds them ____2____ a bygone colonial (殖民的) era. Nowhere is that more pronounced ____3____ in the Caribbean, ____4____ eight countries are still in the Commonwealth of Nations and with the British king as their head of state. Several of them are looking forward to ____5____ different future. Gaston Browne, prime minister of Antigua and Barbuda, said the country wants to hold a referendum (全民投票) in the next three years on the idea of breaking away from the Commonwealth and the royal family, and ____6____ (become) a republic. The BBC quoted him as saying: “It is a final step to complete the circle of ____7____ (dependence) to become a ____8____ (true) sovereign (有主权的) nation, ____9____ is very important.” Cities said the handling the situation is the most pressing challenge ______10______ (face) King Charles Ⅲ. 【答案】36. united 37. of##about 38. than 39. where 40. a 41. becoming 42. independence 43. truly 44. which 45. facing 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了随着英国女王伊丽莎白二世(Queen Elizabeth II)的葬礼结束，一些国家尤其是加勒比地区开始讨论英联邦这一体系的未来。 【36题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：英国女王伊丽莎白二世(Queen Elizabeth II)的葬礼周一在伦敦举行，全国上下团结起来，吸引了全世界的关注。空处和谓语attracted并列，需填一般过去时，作谓语。故填united。 【37题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：但随着这一天的结束，一些国家开始讨论这一体系的未来，这让他们想起了逝去的殖民时代。remind sb. of/about sth.为固定短语，以为“提醒某人某事”。故填of/about。 【38题详解】 考查介词。句意：这一点在加勒比地区表现得最为明显，那里仍有8个国家是英联邦国家，英国国王是它们的国家元首。根据“more pronounced”可知，此处使用比较级，需用介词than。故填than。 【39题详解】 考查定语从句。句意同上。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词Caribbean，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故填where。 【40题详解】 考查冠词。句意：他们中的一些人期待着一个不同的未来。future为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且different发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 【41题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：安提瓜和巴布达总理加斯顿•布朗(Gaston Browne)表示，安提瓜和巴布达希望在未来三年内就脱离英联邦和王室、建立共和国的想法举行公投。空处和“breaking away from”并列，需填动名词作介词of的宾语。故填becoming。 【42题详解】 考查名词。句意：BBC援引他的话说：“这是完成独立的最后一步，成为一个真正的主权国家，这是非常重要的。”介词of后面需填名词作宾语，此处表示“独立”应用independence。故填independence。 【43题详解】 考查副词。句意同上。修饰形容词sovereign需用副词作状语。故填truly。 【44题详解】 考查定语从句。句意同上。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的句子，关系词在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。 【45题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：Cities期刊表示，处理这种情况是国王查理三世面临的最紧迫的挑战。空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰challenge，二者为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故填facing。 【课后巩固训练】 高一上期中-常州市一中22-23 阅读 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上选项涂黑。 A Getting to Antarctica is not easy. The few who are lucky enough to visit this most mysterious continent do so by ships. To reach Antarctica, ships must pass through a notoriously violent area of ocean called the Drake Passage, considered to be the roughest stretch of sea on the planet. Walls of water thirty, sometimes forty feet high continually crashed about our ship for two solid days. We would hold on to a rope inside the ship while being violently tipped to one extreme side, then to the other, and then back again. My daughter Claire and I were as mentally prepared as we could be. About two and a half days after entering the Drake Passage, the waters calmed. Soon, we noticed small black spots on nearby pieces of floating ice. Emperor penguins! Then, we began the two-mile hike over the ice to the penguin colony. Within several hundred yards, little clusters of emperors, perhaps ten or so at a time, greeted us, sliding on their bellies and making their wonderful noises, sort of a nasally squeal. One day two adult emperors with their three chicks in-tow approached Claire, who was resting on the ice. They left the chicks with her, as if she were the babysitter. Twenty minutes later they returned to collect the chicks. And I will never forget the penguin that, when I jokingly asked which way back to the helicopters, pointed a wing in the correct direction. Every night aboard our safe and warm ship, we thought about what it takes to survive in Antarctica, an incredibly harsh place. But each day on the ice, we also thought about the Drake passage, that monstrous body of water we had to endure to get where we were. Over the course of our visit, we came to respect the power of that sea. We still talk about the penguins, as I’m sure we always will. But we talk about the Drake too. Both experiences were unforgettable, and one would not have bee possible without the other. 1. What does the word notoriously mean in paragraph 1? A. Frequently traveled. B. Hard to locate. C. Recognized negatively. D. Aimlessly sailed. 2. Which of the flowing best describe the voyage in the Drake passage? A. Tough. B. Complicated. C. Smooth. D. Boring. 3. What does the author mostly focuses on penguins when describing them? A. Dependence on one another. B. Collecting their baby chicks in time. C. Ability to survive in their environment. D. Friendly and entertaining behavior. 4. What did the author most likely gain from his experience? A. An awareness of the types of activities his daughter enjoys. B. An understanding of how animals survive in cold climates. C. An increased respect for the power of nature. D. An interest in other journeys that involve physical challenges. 【答案】4. C 5. A 6. D 7. C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和女儿去南极洲的路程中成功穿越德雷克海峡，并最终看到了帝企鹅。 【4题详解】 词句猜测题。根据下文“considered to be the roughest stretch of sea on the planet. (它被认为是地球上最汹涌的海域)”可知，要到达南极洲，船只必须经过一片以波涛汹涌著称的海域——德雷克海峡。划线单词notoriously为“臭名昭著地；声名狼藉地”。选项A. “Frequently traveled. (经常旅游)”；选项B. “Hard to locate (很难找到)”；选项C. “Recognized negatively. (负面公认的)”；选项D. “Aimlessly sailed. (漫无目的地航行)”。选择项C与划线词含义最为相似。故选C。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Walls of water thirty, sometimes forty feet high continually crashed about our ship for two solid days. We would hold on to a rope inside the ship while being violently tipped to one extreme side, then to the other, and then back again. (三十英尺，有时四十英尺高的水墙，在整整两天的时间里，不断地在我们的船上撞击。我们会紧紧抓住船内的一根绳子，同时被猛烈地向一边倾斜，然后向另一边倾斜，然后又回到一边)”可推断，德雷克海峡非常难穿越。故选A。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“Within several hundred yards, little clusters of emperors, perhaps ten or so at a time, greeted us, sliding on their bellies and making their wonderful noises, sort of a nasally squeal. (在几百码之内，一群群的帝王企鹅，一次大概有10只左右，向我们打招呼，它们用肚子滑来滑去，发出美妙的声音，像是一种带鼻音的尖叫)”以及第四段“And I will never forget the penguin that, when I jokingly asked which way back to the helicopters, pointed a wing in the correct direction. (我永远不会忘记，当我开玩笑地问那只企鹅回直升机的路时，它把翅膀指向了正确的方向)”可推断，作者在描述帝王企鹅时，重点描述了这些企鹅的友好和有趣的行为。故选D。 【7题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Over the course of our visit, we came to respect the power of that sea.(在我们的访问过程中，我们开始尊重大海的力量)”可知，作者的这次南极洲之旅，使作者更加尊重自然的力量。故选C。 B Over the past few months, people in the United States have been watching some unusual television advertisements (广告). They are unusual because they advertise a product that no American uses now or is likely to use in the future. The advertisements show that a product called golden rice will help prevent blindness in millions of children. None of these children live in the United States. They live in countries where white rice forms the main part of the diet. Too much white rice without other food causes lack of vitamin A. This can lead to blindness. Golden rice has been developed to solve this problem through genetic (基因) engineering. As well as TV advertisements, most news media carried stories on this great scientific development that would help some of the poorest children in the world. It could also save the science of genetic engineering. People in Europe and America have learned more about genetically modified (转基因的) food over the past few years. And the more they learn, the less they like what they hear. People like science. And people like to eat food. But they would like the two things kept separate. The truth is that a child would have to eat 9 kilograms of golden rice every day to get enough vitamin A. And Gordon Conway of the Rockefeller Foundation, which helped the development of golden rice, says that the advertisements have gone too far. Perhaps the main purpose of golden rice is to get people to accept genetically modified food. The TV advertisements sent a very clear message—if you don’t accept this technology then poor children will go blind. It cost US $50 million to get that message across. That would buy a lot of food for poor children. What do the people who are said to benefit from golden rice think of being part of this great scientific and social argument? Nobody knows. Nobody has asked them. 5. Why do you think children in the USA need no golden rice? A. They do more bad than good to children. B. It is genetically modified food. C. They don’t treat it as staple food. D. There isn’t enough vitamin A in it. 6. What is the main reason why golden rice is advertised in the USA? A. Golden rice will prevent blindness in children. B. People have not accepted genetically modified food. C. People know little about genetically modified food. D. Golden rice is the first genetically modified food. 7. According to the text, what kind of food do people in Europe and America like best? A. Food that is rich in vitamin A. B. Food produced with no help from science. C. Food produced in the third countries. D. Food produced through genetic engineering. 8. What is the author’s opinion of the TV advertisements? A. They are not that useful. B. They need improvement. C. They are unbelievably practical. D. They are put in a wrong place. 【答案】8. C 9. B 10. B 11. A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国电视广告中宣传的“黄金大米”，这似乎是为了解决贫困地区儿童缺乏维生素A的问题，但事实上是为了让美国人接受转基因食品。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段内容“None of these children live in the United States. They live in countries where white rice forms the main part of the diet. Too much white rice without other food causes lack of vitamin A. This can lead to blindness.”（这些孩子都不住在美国。他们生活在以白米为主要食物的国家。吃太多白米而不吃其他食物会导致缺乏维生素A。这可能导致失明）可知，之所以吃黄金大米，是因为有些地区的儿童食物单一，只吃白米，导致缺乏维生素A。由此可推断出，美国的孩子不需要吃黄金大米，是因为他们有各种各样的食物，不把“黄金大米”当作主食。故选C项。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第五段关键句“And the more they learn, the less they like what they hear.”（他们了解的越多，就越不喜欢听到的东西）和第七段关键句“Perhaps the main purpose of golden rice is to get people to accept genetically modified food.”（或许黄金大米的主要目的是让人们接受转基因食品）可知，美国的人们并不接受转基因食品，他们也不喜欢黄金大米这个主意。由此推知，黄金大米在美国做广告的主要原因是人们还没有接受转基因食品。故选B项。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第五段关键句“People like science. And people like to eat food. But they would like the two things kept separate.”（人们喜欢科学。人们喜欢吃东西。但他们希望这两件事分开）可知，在美国和欧洲，人们希望科学和吃的东西是分开的。由此推知，欧美人最喜欢的食物是没有科学帮助而产出的食物。故选B项。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第六段关键句“The truth is that a child would have to eat 9 kilograms of golden rice every day to get enough vitamin A. And Gordon Conway of the Rockefeller Foundation, which helped the development of golden rice, says that the advertisements have gone too far.”（事实是，一个孩子每天必须吃9公斤黄金大米才能获得足够的维生素A。帮助开发黄金大米的洛克菲勒基金会的戈登·康威表示，广告做得太过分了）和第七段关键句“Perhaps the main purpose of golden rice is to get people to accept genetically modified food.”（或许黄金大米的主要目的是让人们接受转基因食品）可知，作者引用了Gordon Conway的话说明这个广告所宣传的内容在现实生活中是很难做到的，也许广告的真正目的不是用黄金大米救助儿童，而是让人们接受转基因食品。由此可推断出，作者认为电视广告没有说实话，它们并没有那么实用。故选A项。 应用文写作 假如你是Jenny，与好朋友Amy约好周五下午一起去看电影，但因故不能赴约。请给她写一封邮件，内容包括：1.表示歉意；2.说明原因；3.另约时间。 注意：1. 词数80左右; 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯; 3. 开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总次数。 Dear Amy, ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Jenny 【答案】Dear Amy, I am writing to express my heartfelt apology to you for my being unable to go to the cinema with you on Friday afternoon. I’m chosen to represent our class to take part in the English debate competition, which is of great importance to me, for I have always been dreaming of having a chance like this to improve my oral English. As a result, I have no choice but to say sorry to you. Shall we go on Saturday morning? If it’s convenient for you, let’s meet at 8:30 outside the school gate. If not, let me know what time suits you best, I should be available any time after school next week. I make an apology again for not keeping you company as promised. I sincerely hope we can have fun next time. Yours, Jenny 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达是一篇应用文，要求考生给好朋友Amy写一封道歉信，解释不能赴约的原因并另外约定时间。 【详解】1.词汇积累 参加：take part in→participate in 重要：importance→significance 机会：chance→opportunity 玩得开心：have fun→enjoy oneself 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I am writing to express my heartfelt apology to you for my being unable to go to the cinema with you on Friday afternoon. 拓展句：I am writing so that I can express my heartfelt apology to you for my being unable to go to the cinema with you on Friday afternoon. 【点睛】[高分句型1] I’m chosen to represent our class to take part in the English debate competition, which is of great importance to me, for I have always been dreaming of having a chance like this to improve my oral English.（运用which引导非限制性定语从句和for引导状语从句） [高分句型2] If not, let me know what time suits you best, I should be available any time after school next week.（运用what引导宾语从句） ( 3 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $