选修一 U5-2025高中英语单词讲解（外研版）

选修1一unit5词汇精讲 distant 词义与词性 。词义1(adj):遥远的；远处的；久远的：例句：The stars are very distant from the earth (来源：牛津高阶词典) 。词义2(adj.):远亲的；远房的；例句：He is a distant cousin of mine.（来源：柯林斯词典) ·词义3(adj.)::不太友好的：冷淡的；例句：She gave me a distant look.（来源：朗文当代 英语词典) 词性转换 。名词：distance;例句：What's the distance between the two cities?(来源：牛津高阶词典) ·副词：distantly;例句：He looked distantly into the distance.（来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ·近义词：far:形容词，远的；例句：The park is far from here.（来源：牛津高阶词典) ·近义词：remote:形容词，偏远的；例句：He lives in a remote village.（来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ·短语1：distant from:离…远；适用于描述距离的场景，语法上from后接距离的参照对 象；例句：The school is distant from my home.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 短语2：in the distant past:在遥远的过去；适用于描述时间的场景；例句：In the distant past,there were many dinosaurs on the earth.（来源：朗文当代英语词典) 。短语3：a distant relative:远亲；适用于描述亲属关系的场景；例句：He is a distant relative of my family.（来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 。考法1：考察形容词作定语修饰名词 。原题：The (distant)mountains look very beautiful.(答案：distant) 。考法2：考察由distant派生的名词distance的用法 原题：Ve should keep a safe (distant)from the dangerous animals.(答案：distance) 1 选修1一unit5词汇精讲 seed 词义与词性 ·词义1(n.):种子；籽；例句：Some plants have very small seeds..（来源：牛津高阶词典) ·词义2（v.):播种；在…播种；例句：They seeded the field with wheat.（来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ·近义词：grain:名词，谷粒；例句：A grain of wheat is a kind of seed.（来源：牛津高阶词典) ·近义词：kernel:名词，核：果仁；例句：The kernel of some nuts can be used as seeds.（来 源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ·短语l:plant seeds:播种；适用于农业或园艺场景，语法上plant后接种子；例句：We should plant seeds in spring.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 短语2：go/run to seed:花谢结籽；人不修边幅；适用于描述植物生长后期或人的状态，无 特殊语法要求；例句：The roses have gone to seed.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。短语3：seed money:创业资金；适用于商业场景，语法上seed money为名词短语；例句： They need some seed money to start their business.（来源：柯林斯词典) 。 短语4：seed with:在…播撒；适用于描述在某个区域播撒种子的场景，语法上with后接种 子；例句：The farmer seeded the field with corn.（来源：朗文当代英语词典) 典型考法 。考法1：作名词，考察其单复数形式 。原题：Many (seed)are planted in the field every year.(答案：seeds) 考法2：作动词，考察其过去式 。原题：He (seed)the orchard last month.(答案：seeded) finch 词义与词性 ·词义1(n.):雀科鸣禽（如燕雀、金翅雀等)；例句：A finch was singing in the tree.（来 源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 。近义词：sparrow:名词，麻雀；例句：Sparrows are common in cities.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 。短语l:finch family:雀科：适用于生物学分类场景，语法上family为名词；例句：The finch family includes many species..（来源：自编合理例句) 2 选修1一unit5词汇精讲 sample 词义与词性 ·词义1(n.):样品；样本；试样；例句：They sent me some samples of their products.（来 源：牛津高阶词典) 。词义2(v.)::品尝；尝试；抽样检验；例句：The chef asked us to sample the new dish.（来 源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 。形容词：sampled(抽样的；取样的)例句：The sampled data shows some interesting trends. (来源：柯林斯词典)动词过去式/过去分词：sampled(规则变化，直接加-d)例句：We sampled a lot of local food during our trip.（来源：牛津高阶词典)动词现在分词：sampling （(规则变化，直接加-ing)例句：Sampling different cultures is one of the joys of traveling.（来 源：柯林斯词典)》 同近义词 。近义词：specimen::名词，标本；样品；例句：The biologist examined the specimen under the microscope.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ·近义词：example::名词，例子；范例；例句：This painting is a fine example of his early work. (来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 。短语1：sample sth.:品尝某物；适用于品尝食物、饮料等场景，语法上后接品尝的对象；例 句：You must sample the local cheese..（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。短语2：a sample of sth.:…的样品；适用于获取或展示物品的部分作为代表的场景，语 法上of后接样品所代表的事物；例句：Can I have a sample of this perfume?(来源：柯林斯 词典) 。短语3：sample from:从…中抽样；适用于进行抽样调查等场景，语法上from后接抽样 的来源；例句：They sampled from different age groups..（来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 ·考法1：作名词，考察其单复数形式 。原题：Scientists collected many (sample)from the ocean floor.(答案samples) 。考法2：作动词，考察其过去式形式 。原题：We (sample)the delicious cakes at the bakery yesterday.sampled) 3 选修1一unit5词汇精讲 disgrace 词义与词性 ·词义1（n.)::耻辱；丢脸；不光彩：例句：His actions brought disgrace on the family..（来 源：牛津高阶词典) ·词义2（n.):丢脸的人（或事）；例句：The dirty streets are a disgrace to the city..（来源： 柯林斯词典) 。词义3(v.)::使丢脸；使受耻辱；例句：He disgraced himself by getting drunk at the party. (来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 。形容词：disgraceful:可耻的，不光彩的；例句：His behavior was disgraceful.（来源：柯林 斯词典) ·副词：disgracefully:可耻地，不光彩地；例句：He behaved disgracefully at the meeting.（来 源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 。同义词：shame:名词，耻辱；例句：It's a shame to cheat in the exam.（来源：牛津高阶 词典) ·近义词：dishonor:名词，不光彩；例句：His actions brought dishonor to his family.（来源： 柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 。短语1：bring disgrace on sb/sth:给某人/某物带来耻辱；适用于描述某人的行为给他人或集 体带来负面影响的场景，语法上bring后接人或事物；例句：His criminal act brought disgrace on his whole family..（来源：牛津高阶词典) ·短语2：in disgrace:失宠：不受欢迎；适用于描述某人在某个环境中失去他人的信任或喜 爱的场景；例句：He is in disgrace with his boss because of his mistake..（来源：柯林斯词典) 短语3：fall into disgrace:失宠；不再受尊重；适用于描述某人从受尊重的状态变得不受认 可的场景；例句：The politician fell into disgrace after the scandal..（来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 ·考法1：作名词，考察其不可数用法 。原题：His failure in the exam was a great (disgrace).(答案：disgrace)? ● 考法2：作动词，考察其过去式和过去分词形式 ● 原题：He (disgrace)himself by lying.(答案：disgraced) 选修1一unit5词汇精讲 evolve 词义与词性 。词义1（v.)::进化；演化；例句：Many animals evolved from sea creatures.（来源：柯林 斯词典)》 。词义2(v.):逐步发展：逐渐演变；例句：The company has evolved into a major chemical manufacturer..（来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ·名词：evolution;例句：The theory of evolution was proposed by Darwin.(来源：柯林斯词典） ·形容词：evolutionary;例句：Evolutionary changes take a long time..（来源：牛津高阶词典) 动词现在分词：evolving;例句：The situation is constantly evolving..（来源：柯林斯词典) 动词过去式及过去分词：evolved;例句：The idea evolved over time.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ·近义词：develop(v.):发展；成长；例句：Plants develop from seeds.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ·近义词：progress(v.):进步；进展；例句：The work is progressing well.(（来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 。短语I:evolve from:从…逐渐发展成；从…进化而来；适用于描述事物发展或进化的起源场 景，语法上from后接起源的事物：例句：The modern airplane evolved from the early gliders. (来源：牛津高阶词典) 。短语2：evolve into:逐渐发展成；进化成：适用于描述事物发展或进化的结果场景，语法 上into后接发展或进化成的事物；例句：The small business evolved into a large corporation. (来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 。考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式 。原题：The species (evolve)over millions of years.(答案：evolved) 。考法2：考察固定搭配evolve from ·原题：The custom an ancient tradition.(答案：evolved from) 选修1一unit5词汇精讲 beak 词义与词性 ·词义1(n.):鸟嘴，喙；例句：The bird used its beak to pick up the worm.（来源：牛津高 阶词典) 词性转换 ·形容词：beaked;有喙的；例句：The beaked bird is very cute.（来源：自编合理例句) 同近义词 ·同义词：bill:名词，鸟嘴；例句：The duck's bill is flat.（来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ·短语1：beak of a bird:鸟的喙；适用于描述鸟类身体部位的场景，语法上作名词短语；例 句：The beak of a woodpecker is very strong..(来源：自编合理例句) ·短语2：sharp beak:尖锐的喙；适用于描述鸟喙特征的场景，语法上sharp作定语修饰beak; 例句：The eagle has a sharp beak.（来源：自编合理例句) 6 选修1一unit5词汇精讲 ancestor 词义与词性 ·词义1(n.):祖先；祖宗：例句：My ancestors came from Ireland.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 。形容词：ancestral;例句：They returned to their ancestral lands..（来源：柯林斯词典) 。名词：ancestry:例句：She has French ancestry.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ·近义词：forefather:名词，祖先；例句：Our forefathers worked hard to build this country. (来源：牛津高阶词典) ·近义词：predecessor:名词，前辈；例句：The new president followed in the footsteps of his predecessors..（来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ·短语1：common ancestor::共同祖先；适用于生物学或人类学中描述物种或家族起源的场 景，语法上作名词短语使用；例句：Scientists believe that humans and chimpanzees have a common ancestor.（来源：牛津高阶词典) ·短语2：ancestor worship:祖先崇拜；适用于描述一些文化中对祖先的崇敬行为，语法上作 名词短语；例句：Ancestor worship is an important part of some traditional cultures..（来源： 柯林斯词典) 典型考法 ·考法1：考察名词单复数变化 。原题：Many of our (ancestor)lived in caves.(答案：ancestors) 7 选修1一unit5词汇精讲 evolution 词义与词性 。词义1(n.)::进化；演变；发展；例句：The theory of evolution explains how species change over time..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 。形容词：evolutionary;进化的，演变的；例句：The evolutionary process is slow.（来源：柯 林斯词典) 。动词：evolve;发展，进化；例句：Many species have evolved to survive in extreme conditions. (来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ·近义词：development:名词，发展；例句：The development of technology has changed our lives greatl4.（来源：牛津高阶词典) ·近义词：progress::名词，进步；例句：We have made great progress in this field..（来源：柯 林斯词典) 固定搭配 。短语1：the theory of evolution:进化论；适用于生物学、科学讨论场景，语法上of后接理 论的具体内容；例句：Darwin's theory of evolution is a milestone in the history of science. (来源：牛津高阶词典) 。 短语2：social evolution:社会进化；适用于社会学研究场景，语法上是名词短语；例句： Sociologists study social evolution to understand human society better..（来源：柯林斯词典) 短语3：cultural evolution:文化演变：适用于文化研究场景，语法上是名词短语；例句： Cultural evolution reflects the changes of a nation.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 。考法1：考察名词形式 。原题：The (evolve)of human beings is a long-term process..(答案：evolution) 8 选修1一unit5词汇精讲 suspect 词义与词性 。词义1(v.):怀疑；猜想；觉得（尤指坏事可能属实或发生)例句：I suspect that he is lying. (来源：牛津高阶词典) 。词义2(n.):犯罪嫌疑人：可疑对象例句：The police have arrested a suspect in connection with the robbery..（来源：柯林斯词典) ·词义3(adj.):不可信的：可疑的例句：The painting has a suspect origin.(来源：牛津高 阶词典) 词性转换 ·名词：suspicion(怀疑；嫌疑)例句：There is a suspicion that he is involved in the crime. (来源：牛津高阶词典) ·形容词：suspicious（怀疑的；可疑的)例句：The neighbors became suspicious of the stranger. （来源：柯林斯词典) ·副词：suspiciously(怀疑地；可疑地)例句：He looked at me suspiciously.（来源：牛津高阶 词典) 同近义词 。近义词：doubt(v.):怀疑；不确定例句：I doubt his honesty.（来源：牛津高阶词典)- ·近义词：mistrust(v.):不信任；怀疑例句：She mistrusts all salesmen.（来源：柯林斯词典) ·近义词：question(v.):怀疑；质疑例句：I question the accuracy of the report.（来源：牛 津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ·短语1：suspect sb.of sth.:怀疑某人做某事；适用于描述怀疑他人有某种不良行为的场景， 语法上of后接被怀疑的行为：例句：The teacher suspected him of cheating in the exam.（来 源：牛津高阶词典) ·短语2：suspect that.:猜想；觉得；适用于表达个人的猜测，that后接从句；例句：I suspect that he will be late..（来源：柯林斯词典) ·短语3：under suspicion:受到怀疑；适用于描述某人处于被怀疑的状态；例句：He is under suspicion for the theft.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 。考法1：作动词，考察其过去式和过去分词形式 。原题：The police (suspect)him of murder last week.(答案：suspected) 。考法2：考察固定搭配suspect sb.of sth. 。原题：They him stealing the money.（答案：suspected of) 9 选修1一unit5词汇精讲 tortoise 词义与词性 。词义1（n.)::陆龟；龟；鳖；例句：The tortoise wins the race while the hare is sleeping. (来源：伊索寓言) 同近义词 ·同义词：turtle:名词，龟；海龟；例句：The turtle is slowly crawling on the beach.(来源： 牛津高阶词典)： ·近义词：terrapin:名词，淡水龟：例句：A terrapin lives in the pond.（来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ·短语1：a tortoise shell::龟壳；适用于描述龟的身体部位场景，语法上shell用单数形式；例 句：The tortoise pulled its head into its shell.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。短语2：as slow as a tortoises:像乌龟一样慢；适用于形容速度慢的场景，语法上as.as结 构：例句：He walks as slow as a tortoise..（来源：英语常用习语词典) 10