选修一 U4-2025高中英语单词讲解（外研版）

选修1一unit4词汇精讲 quote 词义与词性 。词义1(v.):引用；引述；举例说明；例句：The report quoted the spokesman as saying that the crisis was over.(（来源：牛津高阶词典) ·词义2(v.):报价；开价；例句：They quoted a price of$2000 for the work.(来源：牛津 高阶词典) ·词义3(n.):引文；引语；例句：He began his speech with a famous quote..（来源：柯林斯 词典) 词性转换 。名词：quotation;动词过去式和过去分词：quoted;动词现在分词：quoting:例句：Can you give me a quotation for building a garage？（来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 。近义词：cite:动词，引用；例句：The judge cited a previous case to support his decision..（来 源：牛津高阶词典) 。近义词：refer to:动词短语，提及；例句：Please refer to the dictionary if you don't know the word.(来源：朗文当代英语词典) 固定搭配 ·短语I:quote sb.as saying:引用某人的话说；适用于转述他人话语的场景，语法上as后接 saying加所说内容；例句：The article quoted the president as saying that he would not resign. (来源：牛津高阶词典) 短语2：quote a price for sth.:为某物报价；适用于商业交易中报价的场景，语法上for后 接报价的物品；例句：They quoted a very high price for the house.（来源：柯林斯词典) 短语3：quote from:从中引用；适用于引用书籍、文章等内容的场景，语法上from后 接引用的来源；例句：She often quotes from the Bible.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 。考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式 。原题：He (quote)a line from Shakespeare in his speech last week.quoted) 。考法2：考察固定搭配quote sb.as saying 。原题：The newspaper the expert that the situation was under control.(答案：quoted as saying) 1 选修1一unit4词汇精讲 foat 词义与词性 。词义1（v.):漂浮；浮动：漂流；例句：Wood floats on water..（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。词义2(v.)::使漂浮；使浮动；例句：She floated the flowers in a bowl of water.（来源：柯 林斯词典) ·词义3(（v.):飘动；飘扬；例句：Clouds floated across the sky.（来源：牛津高阶词典) ·词义4(n.):彩车；例句：The parade included many floats..（来源：韦氏大词典) 词性转换 。名词：floatation(漂浮；浮动；浮选)：例句：The floatation of the logs down the river was an important industry.(来源：韦氏大词典)动词现在分词：floating;例句：There were some floating leaves on the pond.(来源：牛津高阶词典)动词过去式和过去分词：floated;例句： The raft floated dounstream.（来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 。近义词：drift:动词，漂流；例句：The boat began to dri进downstream.（来源：牛津高阶词典) ·近义词：hover:动词，悬浮；例句：A helicopter hovered above the building..（来源：柯林斯 词典) 固定搭配 。短语1：loat on:漂浮在…上；适用于描述物体在液体或气体表面漂浮的场景，语法上om 后接漂浮的介质：例句：Oil floats on water..（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。 短语2：float around:四处飘动；适用于描述物体在空中或液体中无固定方向地移动，语法 上around为副词；例句：Pieces of paper were floating around in the wind.（来源：柯林斯 词典) 短语3：oat an idea:提出想法：适用于表达提出某个建议或设想的场景，语法上an idea 为宾语；例句：He floated an idea about the new project.（来源：韦氏大词典) 短语4：loat a loan:发行债券；适用于金融场景，语法上a loan为宾语；例句：The company floated a loan to raise funds.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 ·考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式 ·原题：The boat (Hoat)down the river yesterday.(答案：floated) ● 考法2：考察固定搭配float on 原题：The icebergs the sea.(答案：float on) 选修1一unit4词汇精讲 tale 词义与词性 。词义1（n.)::故事；传说：童话例句：The old man told us a tale of his adventures..（来源： 牛津高阶词典) 。词义2(n.):不实之词；谎言例句：She knew it was a tale from the start..（来源：柯林斯 词典) 词性转换 。形容词：tale-related(与故事相关的)；例句：The museum has many tale-related exhibits. (来源：自编合理例句) 同近义词 ·近义词：story:名词，故事；例句：He loves to listen to bedtime stories.（来源：牛津高阶 词典) ·近义词：fable:名词，寓言；例句：The fable teaches us a moral lesson.（来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 。短语1：tell a tale:讲故事：适用于讲述故事的场景，语法上tel后接tale例句：Grandma often tells us tales about the old days.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。 短语2：tall tale:荒诞不经的故事；适用于形容夸张的故事场景，语法上作名词短语：例句： He always comes up with tall tales to amuse us..(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 。考法1：考察名词词义 。原题：The children were all ears when the teacher told a (tale).(答案：tale) 3 选修1一unit4词汇精讲 folk 词义与词性 ·词义1(n.):人们：适用于泛指某类人或群体的场景：例句：Some folk enjoy working outdoors. (来源：牛津高阶词典) 。词义2(n.):家属；亲属；用于描述家庭成员关系的场景；例句：How are your folks?（来 源：柯林斯词典) ·词义3(adj.):民间的；用于描述与民间文化、传统相关的事物；例句：folk music（来源： 牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 。名词：folks:folk的复数形式，指人们、亲属；例句：Many folks attended the festival..（来 源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ·同义词：people:名词，人们；例句：People often make mistakes.（来源：牛津高阶词典) ·近义词：peasant:名词，农民、乡下人；例句：The peasants worked hard in the fields..（来 源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 。短语l:folk art:民间艺术；适用于文化艺术领域，指源自民间的艺术形式：例句：China has a rich variety of folk art..（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。短语2：folk story:民间故事；用于讲述源自民间的传说、故事等；例句：Children love listening to folk stories..（来源：柯林斯词典) 。短语3：country folk:乡下人；用于区分城市人和乡村人；例句：Country folk are usually very friendly.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 。考法1：考察名词单复数 。原题：Many (folk)came to the concert.（答案：folks) 选修1一unit4词汇精讲 compose 词义与词性 ·词义1(v.)::组成，构成；例句：Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen.（来源：牛津 高阶词典) 。词义2(v.)::创作（音乐、诗歌等)；例句：Beethoven composed some of his greatest works after he became deaf.(来源：柯林斯词典) 。词义3(v.):使镇静，使平静：例句：Compose yourself and tell me what happened.（来源： 牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ·名词：composition;组成，作品；例句：We studied the chemical composition of the soil..（来 源：牛津高阶词典) 。 形容词：composed;镇静的，沉着的；例句：She seemed very composed during the crisis.（来 源：柯林斯词典)动词现在分词：composing;例句：He is composing a new song..（来源：朗 文当代英语词典)动词过去式和过去分词：composed;例句：The committee was composed of ten members.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ·同义词：constitute(v.):组成，构成；例句：Twelve months constitute a year.（来源：牛 津高阶词典) ·近义词：create(v.):创作；例句：Picasso created many great works of art.（来源：柯林斯 词典) ·近义词：settle(v.):使平静；例句：She took a deep breath to settle her nerves.（来源：牛 津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ·短语I:be composed of:由…组成；适用于描述事物的构成成分，语法上of后接组成部 分；例句：The committee is composed of experts..（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。短语2：compose oneself:使自己镇静下来；适用于描述人在情绪激动时让自己平静的场景， 语法上oneself根据主语变化；例句：She took a few deep breaths to compose herself..（来源： 柯林斯词典) 。短语3：compose a letter:写信；适用于描述写信的场景，语法上letter可替换为其他信件 相关词汇；例句：He sat doun to compose a letter to his parents..（来源：朗文当代英语词典) 典型考法 。考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式 。原题：He (compose)a beautiful poem last week.(答案：composed) 考法2：考察固定搭配be composed of 。原题：The team (be)composed of ten students.(答案：is) 5 选修1一unit4词汇精讲 motion 词义与词性 ·词义1(n.):运动：移动：例句：The object is in motion.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。词义2（n.):动作；手势；例句：He made a motion with his hand.（来源：柯林斯词典) ·词义3(n.):提议；动议；例句：A motion was passed to increase the membership fees..（来 源：牛津高阶词典) ·词义4(v.):以动作示意；例句：She motioned him to come closer..（来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ● 动词：notion 。形容词：motional ·名词：notion;例句：The motional energy of the object is significant.(来源：专业物理文献） 同近义词 。近义词：movement（n.):运动；移动；例句：The movement of the crowd was slow.（来源： 牛津高阶词典)》 ·近义词：gesture(n.):手势；例句：He made a rude gesture..（来源：柯林斯词典)- ·近义词：proposal(n.):提议；例句：The proposal was rejected.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 。短语1：in motion:在运动中；适用于描述物体处于运动状态的场景，语法上作表语：例句： The wheels are in motion.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。 短语2：make a motion:做一个动作；适用于描述用动作表达意思的场景，语法上后可接to do sth.;例句：She made a motion to stop.（来源：柯林斯词典) 短语3：motion sb.to do sth.:示意某人做某事；适用于通过动作传达指令的场景，语法上 sb.后接todo;例句：The teacher motioned the students to be quiet..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ·短语4：put sth.in motion:使某物开始运动；适用于启动物体运动的场景，语法上sth.为 宾语：例句：The wind put the sails in motion..（来源：柯林斯词典)》 典型考法 。考法1：作名词，考察其常见词义“运动” 。原题：The (motion)of the planets around the sun is a complex phenomenon.(答案： motion) 。考法2：考察固定搭配“make a motion” 。原题：He a to open the window.（答案：made;motion) 6 选修1一unit4词汇精讲 innovative 词义与词性 ·词义1(adj.)::创新的；革新的；新颖的；例句：The company is known for its innovative products..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 。名词：innovation(创新：革新；新方法)例句：Technological innovation has transformed our lives..（来源：柯林斯词典) 。动词：innovate(创新；革新；引入新方法)例句：We must innovate to stay ahead of the competition.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ·近义词：creative:形容词，有创造力的例句：She's a very creative writer.（来源：牛津高阶 词典) 。近义词：inventive:形容词，有发明才能的例句：He's an inventive boy,always making things. (来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 。短语I:innovative design:创新设计；适用于描述产品、建筑等的设计场景，语法上作名词 短语：例句：The building has an innovative design..（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。短语2：innovative idea:创新想法：适用于表达新的思路、创意等场景，语法上作名词短语： 例句：He came up with an innovative idea.（来源：柯林斯词典) ·短语3：innovative technology:创新技术；适用于科技领域相关场景，语法上作名词短语： 例句：This company invests a lot in innovative technology.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 。考法1：考察其形容词词性在句子中的应用 。原题：The (innovative)approach helped the company solve the problem.(答案： innovative) 7 选修1一unit4词汇精讲 crouch 词义与词性 。词义1(v.):蹲伏：屈膝蹲伏；例句：The child crouched down to look at the pupp.（来 源：牛津高阶词典) 。词义2(v.):蜷缩；弓着身子；例句：He crouched in the corner,trying to keep warm.（来 源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 。名词：crouch;:例句：The sprinter was in a crouch,ready to start.（来源：韦氏词典)：现在 分词：crouching;例句：The cat was crouching behind the bush.（来源：剑桥词典)：过去式 和过去分词：crouched;例句：She crouched down to pick up the coin..（来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 。近义词：hunker:动词，蹲下；例句：He hunkered doun beside the stream.(来源：韦氏词典) ·近义词：squat::动词，蹲；例句：The old man squatted on the ground.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 。短语1：crouch down:蹲下；适用于描述人或动物身体降低的场景，语法上down为副词； 例句：The little boy crouched doun to tie his shoelaces.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 短语2：crouch behind:蹲在…后面；适用于描述隐藏位置的场景，语法上behind后接隐 藏的物体；例句：The children crouched behind the wall to play hide-and-seek.（来源：柯 林斯词典) ·短语3：crouch in a corner:蜷缩在角落里；适用于描述人或动物处于角落的场景，语法上 in a corner表示地点；例句：The scared kitten crouched in a corner.（来源：韦氏词典) 典型考法 。考法1：作动词，考察其现在分词形式 。原题：The hunter (crouch)in the grass,waiting for the deer.(答案：crouching) ·考法2：考察动词过去式 ·原题：She (crouch)to avoid being seen.(答案：crouched) 8 选修1一unit4词汇精讲 abstract 词义与词性 ·词义1（adj.)::抽象的；理论上的；难以理解的：例句：Beauty is an abstract concept.（来 源：牛津高阶词典) 。词义2(n.)::摘要；抽象；抽象的概念：例句：Please write an abstract of this research paper., (来源：柯林斯词典) 。词义3(v.)::提取；抽取；做…的摘要；例句：They abstract metal from ore..（来源：朗文 当代高级英语词典) 词性转换 。名词：abstraction;例句：Time is an abstraction.（来源：柯林斯词典) 。形容词：abstracted;例句：He had an abstracted look on his face.(来源：牛津高阶词典)动 词过去式和过去分词：abstracted;例句：He abstracted some passages from the book.（来源： 朗文当代高级英语词典)动词现在分词：abstracting;例句：She is abstracting data from the les.（来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ·近义词：theoretical:形容词，理论上的；例句：It's only a theoretical possibility,.（来源：牛 津高阶词典) 。近义词：summary: 名词，摘要；例句：Please give me a summary of this report.（来源：柯 林斯词典) 固定搭配 ·短语1：in the abstract:抽象地；在理论上；适用于讨论抽象概念的场景，语法上常作状语： 例句：In the abstract,the idea sounds good.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。短语2：abstract from:从…中提取；从…中抽象出；适用于描述提取信息或物质的场景，语 法上from后接提取的来源；例句：We can abstract the main ideas from the tert..（来源：朗 文当代高级英语词典)》 短语3：make an abstract of:为…做摘要；适用于处理文献资料的场景，语法上of后接被 摘要的内容；例句：You should make an abstract of this long article.（来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 ·考法1：作形容词，考察其在句子中作定语的用法 。原题：This painting is too for me to understand.(答案：abstract) 考法2：考察固定搭配in the abstract ● 原题： (抽象地说)，the plan seems feasible.(答案：n the abstract) 9 选修1一unit4词汇精讲 trend 词义与词性 ·词义1(n.):趋势：倾向；潮流：例句：The trend of prices is still upwards.（来源：《新英 汉词典》) ·词义2(v.):倾向；趋向：例句：The prices are trending upwards..(来源：《韦氏大词典》) 词性转换 ·形容词：trendy:例句：This restaurant is very trend以.（来源：柯林斯词典)动词现在分词： trending;例句：The topic is trending on social media.（来源：《华盛顿邮报》) 同近义词 ·近义词：tendency:名词，倾向；趋势；例句：She has a tendency to be late.（来源：牛津高 阶词典) 。近义词：drift:名词，趋势；动向；例句：The general dri进of the population is towards the suburbs..（来源：《美国传统词典》) 固定搭配 。短语I:trend towards:趋向于；适用于描述事物发展的方向，语法上towards后接发展的 方向；例句：The market is trending towards more sustainable products.（来源：《金融时报》) 短语2：set a trend:引领潮流；适用于描述引领某种潮流的场景；例句：This designer always sets a trend in the fashion industry..（来源：《时尚杂志》) 短语3：go against the trend:逆势而行；适用于描述不跟随主流趋势的场景；例句：He decided to go against the trend and start his oun business.（来源：《创业故事集》) 典型考法 。考法1：作名词，考察其单复数形式 。原题：There are many new (trend)in fashion this year.(答案：trends). ·考法2：考察动词词义及现在分词形式 原题：The world's population is (trend)towards an older age structure.(答案： trending) 10