选修一 U3-2025高中英语单词讲解（外研版）

选修1一unit3词汇精讲 shiny 词义与词性 ·词义1（adj.):有光泽的：光亮的：闪光的；例句：The moon was full and shiny.（来源： 柯林斯词典) 。词义2(adj):晴朗的；明亮的；例句：The shiny morning promised a fine day.（来源：韦 氏词典) 词性转换 。名词：shine 。动词：shine;过去式和过去分词：shone（英式)/shined(美式)：现在分词：shining;形容 词比较级：shinier;形容词最高级：shiniest:例句：The sun shines brightly.（来源：牛津高 阶词典) 同近义词 ·近义词：glossy:形容词，有光泽的；例句：The maga2 ine has a glossy cover.（来源：牛津 高阶词典) 近义词：lustrous::形容词，有光泽的；例句：Her long hair was lustrous..（来源：柯林斯词典) ·近义词：sparkling:形容词，闪耀的；例句：She had sparkling eyes..(来源：牛津高阶词典） 固定搭配 ·短语1：shiny object:闪亮的物体；适用于描述物体外观的场景，语法上object为可数名词； 例句：The child was distracted by a shiny object on the floor.（来源：柯林斯词典) ·短语2：shiny hair:有光泽的头发；适用于描述头发状态的场景，语法上hair为不可数名 词；例句：She has long and shiny hair.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 短语3：shiny surface:光亮的表面；适用于描述物体表面特征的场景，语法上surface为可 数名词；例句：The table has a shiny surface.（来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 ·考法1：考察形容词作定语修饰名词 ·原题：The little girl was attracted by the (shiny)toys.(答案：shiny) 考法2：考察形容词比较级形式 原题：This apple is (shiny)than that one.(答案：shinier) 1 选修1一unit3词汇精讲 bump 词义与词性 ·词义1(v.):碰撞；撞击；例句：She bumped her head on the low ceiling.(来源：牛津高 阶词典) ·词义2（v.)::颠簸行进：例句：The bus bumped along the rough road.（来源：柯林斯词典) ·词义3(n.):碰撞；肿块：例句：She got a bump on her head when she fell.(来源：牛津 高阶词典) 词性转换 。形容词：bumpy;意为颠簸的，崎岖不平的；例句：The plane flew through some bumpy air. (来源：柯林斯词典)动词过去式和过去分词：bumped;规则变化，直接加-ed;例句：He bumped into a table and spilled his coffee.（来源：牛津高阶词典)动词现在分词：bumping: 规则变化，直接加-ing:例句：The truck was bumping down the track.（来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ·近义词：collide:动词，碰撞：例句：The two cars collided at the crossroads..（来源：牛津 高阶词典) ·近义词：knock:动词，敲击；碰撞；例句：He knocked his knee against the table..（来源：牛 津高阶词典) 固定搭配 。短语I:bump into:偶然遇见：适用于描述意外遇到某人的场景，语法上into后接遇到的 人；例句：I bumped into an old classmate in the supermarket.（来源：牛津高阶词典) ·短语2：bump against:撞到…上；适用于描述身体部位或物体撞到其他东西的场景，语 法上against后接被撞的物体；例句：He bumped against the wall in the dark..（来源：柯林 斯词典) ·短语3：bump along:颠簸行进；适用于描述交通工具在不平整路面行驶的场景；例句：The car bumped along the dirt road.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 。考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式 。原题：She (bump)into an old friend in the street yesterday.(答案：bumped) 。考法2：考察固定搭配bump into 。原题：I (bump)into my teacher on my way to school..(答案：bumped) 2 选修1一unit3词汇精讲 muddy 词义与词性 ·词义1(adj.):泥泞的；多泥的：例句：We walked on the muddy path.(来源：牛津高阶 词典) ·词义2(adj.):浑浊的：灰暗的：例句：The water in the pond is muddy.（来源：柯林斯 词典) ·词义3(v.):使变得泥泞；使浑浊：例句：The heavy rain muddied the roads.（来源：牛 津高阶词典) ·词义4(v.)::使困惑；使糊涂；例句：Your explanation only muddied the issue..（来源：柯 林斯词典) 同近义词 ·近义词：dirty(adj.):脏的：例句：Your hands are dirty.（来源：牛津高阶词典) ·近义词：murky(adj.):浑浊的：昏暗的：例句：The river is murky after the flood.（来源： 柯林斯词典)- ·近义词：cloudy(adj.):浑浊的；模糊的：例句：The water in the glass is cloudy.（来源：牛 津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ·短语1：muddy the waters:把水搅浑；使问题更复杂；适用于描述让情况变得混乱的场景， 语法上无特殊要求；例句：His comments only muddied the waters.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。短语2：muddy up:弄脏：使变泥泞；适用于描述物体被泥弄脏的场景，语法上后接被弄脏 的对象；例句：The dog muddied up the floor..（来源：柯林斯词典) ·短语3：as muddy as a pigsty:非常泥泞；适用于形容地方泥泞的场景，语法上无特殊要求： 例句：The yard is as muddy as a pigsty after the rain.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 。考法1：作形容词，考察其比较级形式 ·原题：The road becomes (muddy)after the heavy rain.(答案：muddier) 。考法2：作动词，考察其过去式形式 。原题：The children (muddy)their shoes while playing in the garden.(答案：mud died) 3 选修1一unit3词汇精讲 shot 词义与词性 ·词义1(n.):射击：开枪；放炮；例句：The hunter took a shot at the deer.（来源：牛津 高阶词典) 。词义2(n.):子弹；炮弹；例句：The gun was loaded with shot..(来源：柯林斯词典) ·词义3(n.):照片；相片；例句：She showed me some holiday shots.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ·词义4(n.):尝试；试图；例句：I'll have a shot at solving this problem.（来源：剑桥词典) ·词义5(（adj.):破旧的；耗尽的；例句：My camera is shot.(来源：韦氏词典) 词性转换 。动词：shoot;过去式：shot;过去分词：shot;现在分词：shooting;例句：He shot an arrow at the target..（来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ·同义词：bullet(n.):子弹 。同义词：attempt（n.):尝试 。近义词：photo(n.):照片 ·近义词：ty(v.):尝试 固定搭配 。短语I:take a shot at:尝试做某事；适用于表达尝试去做某件事情的场景，语法上at后接 尝试的事情：例句：I'll take a shot at learning French.（来源：剑桥词典) 。 短语2：like a shot:立刻；马上；适用于描述迅速做出反应的场景；例句：He agreed to help like a shot.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 短语3：a long shot:成功机会不大的尝试；适用于描述成功可能性较小的事情；例句：Applyring for that job is a long shot,,but it's worth trying.（来源：柯林斯词典) 。短语4：call the shots:掌权；做主；适用于描述某人有决定权的场景；例句：In this company,, the boss calls the shots.(来源：韦氏词典) 典型考法 ·考法1：考察动词shoot的过去式和过去分词形式 。原题：He (shoot)down three birds yesterday.(答案shot) ● 考法2：考察固定搭配take a shot at 。原题：Why don'tyou (take a shot at)writing a novel? 选修1一unit3词汇精讲 teammate 词义与词性 ·词义1(n.):队友；同队队员；例句：His teammates opened up a five-second lead..（来 源：柯林斯词典)》 同近义词 。同义词：co-player:名词，队友：例句：The co-players worked together to win the game (来源： 自编例句，符合英语表达习惯)- ·近义词：partner:名词，伙伴；例句：He is my partner in this project.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ·短语1：a teammate of:…的一名队友；适用于介绍队友所属团队或个人的场景，语法上 of后接所属的团队或个人；例句：He is a teammate of the national team.（来源：自编例句， 符合英语表达习惯) ·短语2：work with teammates:与队友合作；适用于描述团队协作的场景，语法上work是 动词原形；例句：We should work with teammates to achieve our goal..（来源：自编例句，符 合英语表达习惯) 典型考法 。考法1：考察名词复数形式 。原题：ytwo (teammate)are good at basketball.(答案：teammates) 5 选修1一unit3词汇精讲 footstep 词义与词性 。词义1(n.):脚步：脚步声；例句：I heard footsteps behind me.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。词义2(n.):足迹；脚印；例句：The footsteps in the snow were clearly visible.（来源：柯 林斯词典) ·词义3（n.)::一步的距离；例句：He lives just a few footsteps away.（来源：韦氏词典) 同近义词 ·近义词：step(n.):脚步；步伐；例句：He took a step forward..（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。近义词：footfall(n.):脚步声；例句：She heard the soft footfall in the hallway.（来源：柯 林斯词典) 固定搭配 ·短语1：follow in sb.'s footsteps:步某人的后尘；效仿某人；适用于描述模仿他人行为或职业 选择的场景，语法上sb.s用所有格形式：例句：She decided to follow in her father's footsteps and become a doctor.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ·短语2：insb.'s footsteps:沿着某人的足迹；例句：The explorer followed in the footsteps of the ancient tribes.（来源：柯林斯词典) ·短语3：light footsteps:轻盈的脚步；适用于描述脚步轻盈的场景；例句：She moved around with light footsteps.（来源：朗文当代英语词典) 典型考法 。考法1：考察名词单复数形式 。原题：We could hear the (footstep)of the approaching soldiers.(答案：footsteps). 。考法2：考察固定搭配follow in sb,'s footsteps 。原题：Many young people want to (follow in someone's footsteps)of the famous athlete.（答案：follow in the footsteps) 6 选修1一unit3词汇精讲 sharpen 词义与词性 。词义1（v.):使变锋利：使尖锐：例句：You should sharpen your pencil before you start writing.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。词义2(v.):提高：使改善；使敏捷；例句：Competition should sharpen up the industry. (来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 。形容词：sharp;例句：This knife is very sharp.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。名词：sharpness;例句：The sharpness of the image depends on the resolution..（来源：柯林 斯词典)现在分词：sharpening:例句：He is sharpening his skills.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 过去式和过去分词：sharpened;例句：He sharpened his knife.（来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ·近义词：hone(v.):磨练；使更锋利；例句：She hones her acting skills every day..（来源： 牛津高阶词典) ·近义词：fle(v.):锉；把…锉平；例句：He filed the edges of the metal.(来源：柯林斯 词典) 固定搭配 。短语1：sharpen one's skills:提高某人的技能；适用于描述提升能力的场景，语法上one's 后接所属人；例句：You need to sharpen your language skills.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。 短语2：sharpen up:使更敏锐：使更有效：适用于描述提升状态的场景，语法上可单独使 用；例句：You should sharpen up your reflexes..(来源：柯林斯词典) 。短语3：sharpen a pencil:削铅笔；适用于描述日常学习动作的场景， 语法上直接加宾语： 例句：Please sharpen a pencil for me.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 ·考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式 。原题：He (sharpen)his axe yesterday.(答案sharpened) 考法2：考察固定搭配sharpen one's skills 原题：e should our to face the challenge.(答案：sharpen;:skills) 7 选修1一unit3词汇精讲 bounce 词义与词性 ·词义1(v.:(使)反弹；弹起；蹦跳：例句：The ball bounced off the wal.（来源：牛津 高阶词典) 。词义2(v.):(人)蹦蹦跳跳：活跃；例句：The children were bouncing around the room. (来源：柯林斯词典) ·词义3(n.):反弹；跳跃；弹性；例句：The ball has lost its bounce.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ·形容词：bouncy;有弹性的；例句：This ball is very bouncy.（来源：剑桥词典)动词过去 式/过去分词：bounced;规则变化，直接加-d;例句：He bounced the ball a few times.(来 源：牛津高阶词典)动词现在分词：bouncing:规则变化，直接加-ing:例句：The baby was bouncing on her knee.（来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ·近义词：rebound:动词，反弹；例句：The ball rebounded off the post.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ·近义词：spring:动词，弹跳；例句：The cat sprang onto the table..（来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 。短语1：bounce off:(使)从…弹回；适用于描述物体反弹的场景，语法上of后接反弹的物 体；例句：The bullet bounced off the wall.（来源：牛津高阶词典) ·短语2：bounce back:恢复元气；卷土重来；适用于描述人或事物恢复状态的场景：例句： She bounced back from the illness quickly..（来源：柯林斯词典) 短语3：bounce up and down:上下跳动；适用于描述物体或人上下移动的场景；例句：The children were bouncing up and down on the trampoline.（来源：剑桥词典) ·短语4：bounce a ball::拍球；适用于描述球类运动的场景；例句：He likes to bounce a ball in the yard.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 ·考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式 ·原题：The ball (bounce)over the fence.(答案：bounced) ·考法2：考察固定搭配bounce off 。原题：The light can the mirror.(答案：bounce off) 8 选修1一unit3词汇精讲 self belief 词义与词性 ·词义1(n.):自信；自我信念：例句：You need self-belief to succeed in business.（来源： 剑桥词典) 词性转换 。形容词：self-believing;例句：A self-believing person is more likely to take risks.（来源： 自编符合语法示例) 同近义词 。同义词：self-confidence:名词，自信；例句：She showed great self-confidence in the interview. (来源：牛津高阶词典)- 。近义词：self-esteem:名词，自尊；例句：Good self-esteem is crucial for mental health, (来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ·短语l:build self-belief:建立自信：适用于描述培养个人信心的场景，语法上build后直 接接self-belief;例句：Reqular exercise can help build self-belief.（来源：自编符合语法 示例) 。 短语2：have self-belief:有自信；适用于描述个人具备自信的状态，语法上have后直接接 self-belief:例句：You should have self-belief in your abilities..(来源：自编符合语法示例) 典型考法 ·考法1：作名词，考察其在句子中的运用 。原题：Vithout (self-belief),you can't achieve your goals.（答案：self-belief) 9 选修1一unit3词汇精讲 warrior 词义与词性 。词义1(n.):勇士：武士；斗士；战士；例句：The young warrior carried a shield into battle. (来源：韦氏词典) 词性转换 。形容词：warlike;好战的，尚武的；例句：The tribe had a warlike reputation.（来源：柯林 斯词典) 同近义词 ● 近义词：fighter:名词，战士；例句：He is a fearless fighter.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 。近义词：soldier:名词，士兵；例句：Many soldiers died in the battle.（来源：柯林斯词典) ·近义词：champion:名词，斗士；例句：He is a champion for human rights..（来源：韦氏 词典) 固定搭配 。短语I:warrior spirit:勇士精神；适用于描述具有勇敢、坚韧等品质的场景，语法上spirit 为名词；例句：The athlete showed a strong warrior spirit.(来源：韦氏词典) 。短语2：a fearless warrior:无畏的勇士；适用于描述勇敢的人的场景，语法上fearless为形 容词修饰warrior:例句：The king had a fearless warrior by his side.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 短语3：warrior code:武士准则；适用于描述特定群体行为规范的场景，语法上code为名 词；例句：The samurai followed a strict warrior code.（来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 ·考法1：考察名词单复数形式 。原题：There were many (warrior)in the ancient battle..(答案：warriors) 10