必修二 U3-2025高中英语单词讲解（外研版）

必修2一unit3词汇精讲 equipment 词义与词性 。词义1(n.):设备；装备；器材；例句：The school has modern teaching equipment.（来 源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 。动词：equip;使具备；使有准备；例句：They equipped themselves with a first-aid kit.（来 源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 。同义词：apparatus::名词，设备；仪器；例句：The astronauts have special breathing apparatus. (来源：牛津高阶词典) ·近义词：gear:名词，设备：用具；例句：They sell fishing gear.（来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ·短语l:sports equipment:体育器材；适用于描述体育场景，语法上为名词短语；例句：This store sells all kinds of sports equipment.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。 短语2：office equipment:办公设备；适用于办公室场景，语法上为名词短语；例句：Our company needs to update its office equipment..（来源：柯林斯词典) 。 短语3：production equipment:生产设备；适用于工业生产场景，语法上为名词短语；例句： The factory has advanced production equipment..（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。短语4：fre-fighting equipment:消防设备；适用于消防安全场景，语法上为名词短语；例 句：The building is equipped with fire-fighting equipment..（来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 ·考法l:考察名词单复数，equipment为不可数名词 。原题：We need a lot of (equipment)for this experiment.（答案：equipment) 1 必修2unit3词汇精讲 basis 词义与词性 。词义1(n.)::基础：根据；基点；例句：We drew this conclusion on the basis of experiments. (来源：朗文当代高级英语词典) 。词义2（(n.):方式；基准；例句：We're going to work on a volunteer basis..（来源：牛津 高阶词典) 词性转换 。形容词：basic;例句：These are the basic rules of the game.（来源：柯林斯词典) ·副词：basically;例句：Basically,I agree with your plan.(来源：朗文当代高级英语词典) 同近义词 ·近义词：foundation:名词，基础：例句：The rumour has no foundation in fact.（来源：牛 津高阶词典) 。近义词：ground:名词，根据；例句：You have no grounds for complaint..（来源：牛津高阶 词典) 固定搭配 。短语1：on the basis of:根据；基于；适用于表达依据某种事实、理论等的场景，语法上of 后接依据的内容：例句：We should make decisions on the basis of facts.（来源：牛津高阶 词典) 。短语2：ona.basis:以…方式；适用于描述做事的方式，语法上a后接表示方式的形容 词；例句：We work on a daily basis.（来源：朗文当代高级英语词典) 。短语3：provide a basis for:为…提供基础；适用于描述为某事提供基础、依据的场景；例 句：These data provide a basis for further research.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 ·考法1：考察名词单复数变化 ·原题：We should build our arguments on solid (basis).（答案：bases) ·考法2：考察固定搭配on the basis of ·原题： the survey,we made a new plan.(答案：On the basis of) 2 必修2unit3词汇精讲 goal 词义与词性 ·词义1(n.):球门：例句：The ball hit the goalpost..（来源：牛津高阶词典) ·词义2（n.):进球得分；例句：He kicked a goal in the last minute.（来源：柯林斯词典) ·词义3(n.):目标；目的；例句：Our goal is to reduce pollution.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ·形容词：goal-oriented;有目标导向的；例句：A goal-oriented person is more likely to succeed.（来源：韦氏词典) 同近义词 ·同义词：aim:名词，目标；例句：What's your aim in life?（来源：牛津高阶词典) ·近义词：target:名词，靶子；目标；例句：The company has set a new sales target..（来源： 柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ·短语1：score a goal:进球得分；适用于描述体育比赛中进球的场景，语法上直接使用：例 句：He scored a goal in the first half..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ·短语2：set a goal::设定目标；适用于个人或组织规划未来行动的场景，语法上set后接具 体目标；例句：You should set a goal for your stud.（来源：柯林斯词典) 。短语3：achieve one's goal:实现某人的目标；适用于描述达成目标的场景，语法上one's后 接目标所有者；例句：She finally achieved her goal of becoming a doctor.(来源：牛津高阶 词典) ·短语4：reach a goal:达到目标；适用于说明达成某个结果的场景，语法上可直接使用；例 句：We will reach our goal if we work hard.（来源：韦氏词典) 典型考法 ·考法1：考察名词单复数形式 。原题：Our team scored three (goal)in the game.(答案：goals) 。考法2：考察固定搭配achieve one's goal 。原题：With hard work,you can your (achieve;goal).(答案：achieve; goals) 3 必修2unit3词汇精讲 represent 词义与词性 ·词义1(v.):代表；象征；表示；例句：The red lines on the map represent railways.（来 源：牛津高阶词典) 。词义2(v.):作为…的代言人；维护…的利益；例句：The union represents the rights and interests of workers.（来源：柯林斯词典) 。词义3(v.):描绘；表现；例句：The painting represents a beautiful sunset..（来源：朗文 当代英语词典) 词性转换 ·名词：representation;例句：The lawyer gave a clear representation of the case..（来源：牛 津高阶词典) ·形容词：representative::例句：This painting is a representative work of the artist..(来源：柯林 斯词典)动词现在分词：representing;例句：He is representing our school in the competition. (来源：朗文当代英语词典)动词过去式和过去分词：represented;例句：He represented our class in the debate last week.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ·近义词：stand for:动词，代表；象征；例句：The dove stands for peace..（来源：牛津高阶 词典) ·近义词：symbolize:动词，象征；例句：The cross symbolizes Christianity.（来源：柯林斯 词典) 。近义词：depict:动词，描绘；描述；例句：The book depicts the life of the poor..（来源：朗 文当代英语词典) 固定搭配 ·短语1：represent as:把…描绘成；把…说成：适用于描述对人或事物的描述场景，语法上 as后接描述的内容；例句：The media represented him as a villain..（来源：牛津高阶词典) 短语2：represent for:代表…出席；适用于描述代表他人参加活动的场景，语法上for后接 代表的对象；例句：He represented for me at the meeting.（来源：柯林斯词典) 短语3：represent oneself as:自称是；把自己说成是；适用于描述自我宣称的场景，语法上 as后接宣称的身份：例句：He represented himself as a doctor.（来源：朗文当代英语词典) 短语4：represent to:向…说明；适用于描述向他人表达观点或情况的场景，语法上to后接 说明的对象；例句：I represented my concerns to the manager:（来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 ·考法1：作动词，考察其过去式和过去分词形式 。原题：He (represent)our school at the conference last year.(represented) 。考法2：考察固定搭配represent as 原题：The report him a hero.(答案：represented ● as) 4 必修2unit3词汇精讲 plastic 词义与词性 ·词义1(n.):塑料；塑料制品；例句：Many items in daily use are made of plastic.（来源： 牛津高阶词典) ·词义2(adj.):塑料制的；人造的，不真诚的：例句：She gave a plastic smile.（来源：柯 林斯词典) 词性转换 ·名词：plasticity;指可塑性；例句：Clay has high plasticity.（来源：韦氏词典) 。形容词：plasticine;指橡皮泥的；例句：We made a model with pla,sticine.（来源：剑桥词 典)动词过去式/过去分词：plasticized;规则变化，直接加-ed;例句：The material was plasticized to make it more flexible..（来源：柯林斯词典)动词现在分词：plasticizing:去e 加-ing;例句：They are plasticizing the rubber.（来源：韦氏词典） 同近义词 ·同义词：synthetic:形容词，合成的：人造的；例句：Synthetic materials are widely used in our daily life..（来源：牛津高阶词典) ·近义词：artificial:形容词，人造的：虚假的；例句：This artificial flower looks very real..（来 源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ·短语l:plastic surgery:整形手术；适用于医疗美容场景，语法上作名词短语；例句：She had plastic surgery to improve her appearance.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。 短语2：plastic bag:塑料袋；适用于购物、装东西等场景，语法上作名词短语；例句：Please put the groceries in a plastic bag.（来源：柯林斯词典) 短语3：plastic money:信用卡；适用于金融消费场景，语法上作名词短语；例句：More and more people use plastic money instead of cash.（来源：韦氏词典) 典型考法 。考法1：作形容词，考察其在句中作定语的用法 。原题：（某地模拟题）The flowers in the vase look beautiful.(答案：plastic)? ·考法2：作名词，考察其单复数形式 。原题：（某地高考真题）Many (plastic)are used in modern industry..(答案：plastics) 必修2一unit3词汇精讲 factor 词义与词性 。词义1(n.):因素；要素：例句：Cost was a major factor in our decision..（来源：牛津高 阶词典) ·词义2(n.)::因数；因子；例句：2and3 are factors of6.（来源：朗文当代高级英语词典) 词性转换 。形容词：factual:意为事实的，真实的；例句：The report contains both factual and subjective information.（来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 。近义词：element(n.):要素，元素；例句：Honesty is an important element in friendship. (来源：牛津高阶词典) ·近义词：ingredient(n.):因素，要素；例句：The secret ingredient of his success is hard work.. (来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 。短语1：factor in:将…考虑在内；适用于分析问题、做决策等场景，语法上in后接需要 考虑的因素；例句：We should factor in the cost of living when choosing a place to live.（来 源：牛津高阶词典) 。短语2：factor out:将…作为公因子提出；适用于数学计算场景；例句：You can factor out the common factor in this equation..（来源：韦氏大词典) ·短语3：key factor:关键因素；适用于描述对事物起决定性作用的因素的场景；例句：Had work is a key factor in success.（来源：朗文当代高级英语词典) 典型考法 。考法1：作名词，考察其单复数形式 。原题：Many (factor)contribute to a person's success.(答案：factors) 。考法2：考察固定搭配factor in ·原题：Ve need to (factor)the weather conditions our travel plan.(答案： factor in) 6 必修2unit3词汇精讲 content 词义与词性 ·词义1(n.):内容；目录；容量；例句：The content of this book is very interesting.（来 源：牛津高阶词典) 。词义2（n.):含量；例句：The fat content in this milk is high.（来源：柯林斯词典) ·词义3(adj.):满意的；满足的；例句：He seems content with his life.(来源：牛津高阶 词典) ·词义4（v.):使满意；使满足；例句：Nothing will content her.,（来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ·名词：contentment;例句：She found contentment in helping others.（来源：柯林斯词典) 。形容词：contented;例句：The cat looked very contented after its meal..（来源：牛津高阶词 典)动词过去式和过去分词：contented;例句：He contented himself with a glass of water. (来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 。近义词：satisfied(adj.):满意的：例句：I'm satisfied with the result..（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。 近义词：pleased(adj.):高兴的：满意的；例句：She was very pleased with her birthday gift, (来源：柯林斯词典) 近义词：gratified(adj.):满意的；例句：He felt gratified by his students'progress..（来源： 牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 。短语l:be content with:对…满意；适用于表达个人感受的场景，语法上with后接令人 满意的事物：例句：I'm content with my present job.(（来源：牛津高阶词典) 短语2：content oneself with:使自己满足于；适用于描述个人自我满足的行为，语法上oneself 根据主语变化，with后接满足的事物：例句：He contented himself with a small success.（来 源：柯林斯词典) ·短语3：table of contents:目录；适用于书籍、文档等，用于查看结构；例句：You can find the information in the table of contents.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。短语4：fat content:脂肪含量；适用于描述食物营养成分场景；例句：This food has a low fat content..（来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 。考法I:考察形容词be content with的用法 。原题：（某地模拟题）Heis (content)with his simple life.(答案：content) ·考法2：考察名词content表示“内容”时的用法 。原题：（某地高考真题）The (content)of the article is very important..(答案： content) 7 必修2unit3词汇精讲 defend 词义与词性 。词义1(v.):防御；保卫；保护；例句：The soldiers defended the city against the enemy. (来源：牛津高阶词典) 。词义2(v.):为…辩护；辩解；例句：The lawyer defended the accused.（来源：柯林斯 词典) 。词义3(v.):维护；捍卫；例句：You should defend your rights.（来源：朗文当代高级英 语词典) 词性转换 。名词：defense 。形容词：defensive;例句：They took up a defensive position.（来源：牛津高阶词典)动词过 去式和过去分词：defended;现在分词：defending;例句：He is defending his观点.（来源： 柯林斯词典) 同近义词 。 近义词：protect(v.):保护 ·同义词：guard(v.):保卫 ·近义词：safeguard(v.):维护：词性及中文含义：保卫、维护；例句：You should safeguard your reputation.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 。短语l:defend against:防御；抵抗；适用于描述防御攻击等场景，语法上against后接防 御的对象；例句：We must defend against the enemy's attack.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 短语2：defend sb./sth.from:保护某人/某物免受；适用于保护人或物的场景，语法 上from后接危害来源；例句：The mother defended her child from the dog.(来源：柯林斯 词典) 短语3：defend oneself::为自己辩护；适用于解释自己行为或观点的场景；例句：You should learn to defend yourself.（来源：朗文当代高级英语词典) 典型考法 ·考法1：作动词，考察其过去式和过去分词形式 ·原题：He (defend)his country bravely in the war.defended) ● 考法2：考察固定搭配defend against 。原题：We should our country the invaders..(答案：defend 。against) 8 必修2unit3词汇精讲 goal 词义与词性 ·词义1(n.):球门：进球得分；例句：The player kicked the ball into the goal.（来源：牛 津高阶词典) ·词义2(n.):目标；目的；例句：His goal is to become a doctor.（来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 。近义词：aim(n.):目标；目的；例句：What's your aim in life?（来源：牛津高阶词典) ·近义词：objective(n.):目标；目的；例句：Our objective is to increase sales.（来源：柯林 斯词典) 固定搭配 ·短语1：score a goal:进一个球；适用于描述足球、曲棍球等球类比赛场景，语法上作谓语： 例句：He scored a goal in the last minute..（来源：牛津高词典) ·短语2：set a goal:设定一个目标；适用于制定计划、规划未来等场景，语法上作谓语；例 句：You should set a goal for yourself..（来源：柯林斯词典) ·短语3：achieve one's goal:实现某人的目标；适用于描述达成目标的情况，语法上作谓语； 例句：She achieved her goal after years of hard work.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。 短语4：reach a goal:达到一个目标；与“achieve one's goal'”类似，适用于描述达成目标的 情况，语法上作谓语；例句：We finally reached our goal.（来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 ·考法1：考察名词单复数 。原题：They have many (goal)for the future.（答案：goals) ·考法2：考察固定搭配“set a goal” 。原题：You need to for your study.(答案：set a goal) 9 必修2unit3词汇精讲 surf 词义与词性 。词义1（v.):冲浪；进行冲浪运动；例句：He loves to surf in the early morning.（来源： 牛津高阶词典) 。词义2（v.):浏览；在互联网上查找信息；例句：I often surf the Internet for news.（来源： 柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ·名词：surfer;冲浪者；例句：Many surfers come to this beach.(来源：牛津高阶词典)现在 分词：surfing;例句：Surfing is a popular water sport.（来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 。近义词：browse(v.):浏览；例句：She likes to browse in the bookstore.（来源：牛津高阶 词典) ·近义词：skim(v.):略读；浏览；例句：He skimmed through the newspaper..（来源：柯林斯 词典) 固定搭配 。短语1：surf the Internet:上网；浏览互联网；适用于描述使用网络查找信息的场景，语法 上可直接使用；例句：I surf the Internet every day to keep informed.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 。短语2：go surfing:去冲浪：适用于表达去进行冲浪活动的场景， 语法上g0后接动名词形 式；例句：We often go surfing on weekends..（来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 。考法1：作动词，考察现在分词形式 。原题：He spends a lot of time (surf)the Internet..（答案：surfing) 考法2：考察固定搭配go surfing 。原题：They plan to this summer.(答案：go surfing) 10