必修一 U1-2025高中英语单词讲解（外研版）

必修1unit1词汇精讲 senior 词义与词性 。词义1(adj.):级别高的：地位高的；高级的；例句：She's a senior manager in the company. (来源：牛津高阶词典) 。词义2(adj.):年长的：例句：My senior brother is very kind to me.（来源：朗文当代英 语词典) 。词义3(n.):较年长的人；高年级学生；上级；例句：He is my senior by tw0 years.（来 源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 。名词：seniority;表示资历、senior的名词形式；例句：Seniority determines promotion in some companies.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ·近义词：elder:形容词，年长的：例句：My elder sister is a doctor.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。近义词：superior:形容词，级别更高的；例句：He has a superior rank in the arm.（来源： 柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 。短语I:be senior to:比…年长；比…级别高：适用于比较年龄或职位高低的场景，语 法上to后接比较的对象；例句：He is senior to me in this company.（来源：牛津高阶词典) ·短语2：senior high school:高中；适用于教育场景；例句：I studied in a senior high school.. (来源：朗文当代英语词典) 典型考法 。考法1：作形容词，考察其比较级形式 。原题：My brother is (senior)tome.(答案：senior,注意senior比较级用to不用 than) ● 考法2：考察固定搭配be senior to 。原题：The manager is (senior)the clerks.(答案：senior to) 1 必修1unit1词汇精讲 curious 词义与词性 ·词义1（adj.):好奇的，有求知欲的：例句：Children are naturally curious about the world around them.（来源：牛津高阶词典) ·词义2（adj.)::奇特的，稀奇古怪的；例句：There was a curious silence in the house..（来 源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 。名词：curiosity;指好奇心；例句：Her curiosity got the better of her and she opened the letter. (来源：牛津高阶词典) 。副词：curiously;表示好奇地；例句：He looked at me curiously.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 。同义词：inquisitive:形容词，好奇的；例句：The inquisitive child asked a lot of questions. (来源：牛津高阶词典) ·近义词：interested:形容词，感兴趣的；例句：I'm interested in history.(来源：牛津高阶 词典) 固定搭配 。短语I:be curious about:对…好奇：适用于表达人对事物感兴趣的场景，语法上about 后接感兴趣的事物；例句：People are curious about how the pyramids were built.（来源：牛 津高阶词典) 。短语2：curious to do sth.:很想做某事：适用于描述人有做某事的强烈愿望的场景；例句： I'm curious to know what he said.（来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 。考法1：考察形容词作表语 。原题：I'n very (curious)about what happened.(答案：curious) 。考法2：考察固定搭配be curious about 。原题：She is always (curious)about other people's business.(答案：curious) 2 必修1unit1词汇精讲 impression 词义与词性 ·词义1（n.):印象；感想；影响：效果；印象画；例句：What were your first impressions of college?（来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 。动词：impress 。形容词：impressive ·形容词：impressionable;例句：The movie's special effects were really impressive.（来源：柯 林斯词典) 同近义词 ·近义词：effect(n.):效果；效应 ·近义词：impact(n.):影响；冲击力 ·近义词：image(n.):形象：印象 固定搭配 。短语1：leave an impression on sb.:给某人留下印象；适用于描述人或事物对他人产生影响 的场景，语法上on后接人：例句：His speech left a deep impression on the audience.（来源： 牛津高阶词典) ·短语2：make an impression:留下印象；适用于描述某人的行为或表现引起他人注意的场 景；例句：You need to make a good impression at the interview..（来源：柯林斯词典) 短语3：give sb..an impression of..:给某人…的印象；适用于描述对人或事物的主观感 受，语法上of后接描述印象的内容；例句：The city gives visitors an impression of prosperity.. (来源：牛津高阶词典) 短语4：under the impression that.:以为；认为；适用于表达某人错误或不准确的认知， that后接从句；例句：I was under the impression that he was single.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 ·考法1：考察名词的单复数形式 。原题：These first (impression)are very important.(答案：impressions) 。考法2：考察固定搭配leave an impression on sb, 。原题：He always tries to leave a good on others.(答案：impression) 3 必修1unit1词汇精讲 tradition 词义与词性 ·词义1（n.):传统；传统的行为方式；例句：It's a tradition in our family to have a big meal on Christmas Eve.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。词义2(n.):传统信仰；传统习俗：例句：The area has strong religious traditions.（来源： 柯林斯词典) 词性转换 。形容词：traditional;例句：They celebrated the festival in the traditional way.（来源：牛津 高阶词典) 。副词：traditionally;例句：Traditionally,,women have played a limited role in politics.（来 源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ·同义词：custom(n.):风俗：习惯；指一个特定群体或社会长期形成的行为方式；例句：It is the custom in that country to take off your shoes when entering a house.（来源：牛津高阶 词典)； ·近义词：heritage(n.):遗产：传统：强调从过去传承下来的文化、历史等方面的遗产：例 句：We should protect our cultural heritage.（来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ·短语I:by tradition:按照传统；适用于描述遵循传统做事的场景，语法上常作状语；例句： By tradition,the bride wears a white dress.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 短语2：hand down a tradition:传承传统：适用于文化传承场景，语法上“hand down”是 固定短语；例句：We should hand down our good traditions to the next generation.（来源： 朗文当代词典) ·短语3：in the tradition of:按照…的传统：适用于说明遵循某种特定传统，语法上后接 表示事物的名词；例句：This painting is in the tradition of the old masters.（来源：柯林斯 词典) ·短语4：break with tradition:打破传统；适用于描述改变传统行为的场景；例句：The company decided to break with tradition and introduce a new product line.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 。考法1：考察名词的词义 。原题：In many countries,.it is a (tradition)to give gifts at Christmas.（答案： tradition) 。考法2：考察固定搭配“by tradition” 。原题： (By tradition),we have a family dinner on New Year'sEve.(答案： By tradition) 4 必修1unit1词汇精讲 eagerness 词义与词性 。词义1(n.)::渴望；热切；热心；例句：The boy showed great eagerness to please his teacher.. (来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ·形容词：eager;例句：The children are eager to open their presents..（来源：牛津高阶词典) ·副词：eagerly;例句：He listened eagerly to the story..（来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 。近义词：enthusiasm:名词，热情；例句：The audience showed great enthusiasm for the per- formance..（来源：牛津高阶词典)： ·近义词：avidity:名词，热衷；例句：His avidity for knowledge is remarkable.（来源：韦氏 大词典) 固定搭配 。短语I:with eagerness:满怀渴望地；适用于表达带有渴望的做某事的场景，语法上作状语： 例句：The students listened to the story with eagerness.（来源：朗文当代高级英语词典) 。短语2：eagerness for sth.:对某事的渴望；适用于描述渴望的对象的场景，语法上for后接 渴望的事物：例句：Her eagerness for success drove her to work hard..（来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 。考法1：考察名词形式 。原题：His (eager)to learn impressed the teacher.(答案：eagerness) 必修1unt1词汇精讲 impressive 词义与词性 ·词义1(adj.):给人深刻印象的；令人钦佩的；例句：The Pyramids are one of the most mpressive monuments in the world.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ·动词：impress;例句：His speech impressed the audience deeply.（来源：柯林斯词典) 。名词：impression;例句：What's your first impression of him?(来源：牛津高阶词典) ·副词：impressively;例句：He performed impressively in the competition.（来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ·近义词：remarkable(adj):显著的；非凡的；例句：He has made remarkable progress this year.（来源：牛津高阶词典) ·近义词：striking（adj.):引人注目的：例句：There is a striking contrast between the two pictures..（来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ·短语1：make an impressive speech:发表令人印象深刻的演讲；适用于描述演讲的场景，语 法上an后接可数名词单数；例句：The professor made an impressive speech at the conference. (来源：牛津高阶词典) 。短语2：leave an impressive mark:留下深刻的印记；适用于描述影响的场景，语法上an后 接可数名词单数；例句：His kindness left an impressive mark on me..（来源：柯林斯词典) 。短语3：be impressive to sb.:给某人留下深刻印象；适用于描述人对事物感受的场景，语 法上to后接人；例句：The new building is very impressive to the visitors.（来源：牛津高阶 词典) 典型考法 。考法1：考察形容词用法 。原题：The view from the top of the mountain is really (impress).(答案：impressive) 。考法2：考察固定搭配leave an impressive mark 。原题：is heroic deeds (leave)an (impress)mark on our hearts.(答案： left ● impressive) 6 必修1unit1词汇精讲 moment 词义与词性 ·词义1（n.):片刻，瞬间；例句：Please wait a moment..（来源：牛津高阶词典) ·词义2(n.)::时刻；例句：At that moment,she realized her mistake.（来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ·形容词：momentary;意为短暂的，片刻的；例句：He felt a momentary pang of regret..（来 源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ·近义词：instant:名词，瞬间；例句：He answered the phone in an instant.（来源：牛津高 阶词典) 。近义词：second:名词，片刻：例句：Vait a second.I'll be riaht back.（来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 。短语1：at the moment:此刻，目前；适用于描述当前时间状态的场景，语法上常作时间状 语；例句：I'm not available at the moment..（来源：牛津高阶词典) 短语2：for a moment:片刻，一会儿；适用于描述短暂时间段的场景，语法上常作时间状 语；例句：He paused for a moment..（来源：柯林斯词典) 。短语3：in a moment:马上，立刻；适用于描述即将发生某事的场景，语法上常作时间状语： 例句：I'll come in a moment..（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。短语4：the moment:一…就…；适用于引导时间状语从句，语法上后接句子；例句： The moment I saw him,I recognized him.（来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 。考法l:考察固定搭配at the moment 。原题：He is very busy (答案：at the moment) 考法2：作名词，考察其所有格形式 原题：Just a (moment)wait.（答案：moment's) 7 必修1unt1词汇精讲 facility 词义与词性 ·词义1(n.):设施；设备；例句：The school has excellent sports facilities..（来源：牛津高 阶词典) ·词义2(n.::天赋；才能；例句：She has a great facility for languages.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 。形容词：facile;意为轻率的、轻易的：例句：He gave a facile answer.（来源：韦氏大词典) 。形容词：facilitative;意为促进的、使便利的；例句：The facilitative environment helps students learn better.（来源：自编符合构词法例句) 。动词：facilitate;意为促进、使便利；例句：The new software will facilitate our work.（来 源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 。近义词：amenity(n.):便利设施 ·近义词：appliance(n.):器具；例句：The kitchen is equipped with modern appliances.(来 源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ·短语1：public facilities:公共设施；适用于描述城市、社区等公共场所的设施场景，语法上 facilities用复数形式；例句：The government should improve public facilities..（来源：自编 常见场景例句) 。 短语2：sports facilities:体育设施：适用于描述体育场所的设施场景，语法上facilities用复 数形式；例句：The city is bilding new sports facilities.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。短语3：facility for sth.:做某事的天赋；适用于描述某人在某方面的天赋场景，语法上for 后接具体事物：例句：He has a facility for music.（来源：柯林斯词典) 短语4：with facility:容易地、熟练地；适用于描述做某事轻松熟练的场景， 语法上一般修 饰动词；例句：She can solve the problem with facility..(（来源：韦氏大词典) 典型考法 ·考法1：考察名词单复数，根据语境判断使用单数还是复数 。原题：The school provides various (facility)for students..(答案：facilities) 。考法2：考察固定搭配facility for sth 。原题：He shows a great painting.(答案：facility for) 8 必修1unit1词汇精讲 insect 词义与词性 ·词义1（n.)::昆虫；例句：Most insects have six legs.（来源：剑桥词典) 词性转换 。形容词：insectivorous（食虫的)：例句：The insectivorous plant caught a fly.(来源：韦氏大 词典) 同近义词 ·同义词：bug(n.):虫子；例句：There's a bug on the wal.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ·近义词：creepy-crawly(n.):爬虫：例句：I don't like those creepy-crawlies in the garden. (来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 。短语1：insect bite:昆虫叮咬；适用于描述被昆虫叮咬的场景，语法上无特殊要求；例句： Apply some ointment to the insect bite..（来源：牛津高阶词典) 短语2：insect pest:害虫；适用于农业或日常生活中描述有害昆虫的场景，语法上无特殊要 求；例句：Farmers use pesticides to control insect pests.（来源：剑桥词典) 短语3：insect repellent:驱虫剂：适用于防止昆虫靠近的场景，语法上无特殊要求；例句： Use insect repellent to avoid mosquito bites.（来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 。考法1：考察名词单复数变化 。原题：There are many (insect)in the forest..（答案：insects) 9 必修1unit1词汇精讲 engine 词义与词性 ·词义1(n.):发动机，引擎；例句：The car engine roared..（来源：柯林斯词典) 。词义2(n.):机车，火车头；例句：The engine pulled a long line of coaches..（来源：牛津 高阶词典) 词性转换 ·名词：engineer;由engine加-eer构成，指工程师；例句：My brother is an engineer.（来 源：朗文当代英语词典) 。动词：engineer;意为设计，策划；例句：He engineered a comeback in the final set.（来源： 柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ·同义词：motor(n.):发动机；例句：The motor of the washing machine is broken.(来源： 牛津高阶词典)- ·近义词：locomotive(n.):机车；例句：The locomotive pulled into the station..（来源：柯林 斯词典) 固定搭配 。短语1：diesel engine:柴油机：适用于描述发动机类型的场景，语法上直接使用；例句：Ths truck is equipped with a diesel engine.（来源：牛津高阶词典) ·短语2：jet engine::喷气发动机；适用于航空等领域描述发动机的场景，语法上直接使用： 例句：Jet engines are widely used in modern aircraft.（来源：柯林斯词典) ·短语3：steam engine::蒸汽机；适用于工业历史等场景描述发动机，语法上直接使用；例 句：The invention of the steam engine changed the world.（来源：朗文当代英语词典) 典型考法 ·考法1：考察名词单复数变化 。原题：Many (engine)are needed for this large-scale project.(答案：engines) 10