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UNIT 2 MORALS AND VIRTUES
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课后 多维检测
03
课堂 层级突破
02
课前 必备知识
01
课时 素养提升
04
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课前 必备知识
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课堂 层级突破
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[Part 1 巧记·课标单词]
写作单词|悉其识
1. moral adj. 道德的;道义上的
n. 品行;道德;寓意
2. virtue n. 高尚的道德;美德;优秀品质
3. precious adj. 珍稀的;宝贵的
4. hire vt.&n. 聘任;雇用;租用;租借
5. decade n. 十年;十年前
6. elsewhere adv. 在别处;去别处
7. tend vt. 照顾;照料
vi. 倾向;趋于
8. staff n. 员工;全体职员
9. saving n. 节省物;节省;节约[pl.]储蓄金;存款
10. principle n. 道德原则;法则;原则
11. replace vt. 接替;取代;更换
12. whisper vi.&vt. 耳语;悄声说;低语
n. 耳语(声);低语(声);传言;谣传
13. chairman n. 主席;主持人;董事长
14. tear n. 眼泪;泪水
15. income n. 收入;收益
拓展单词|通其用
1. marriage n.结婚;婚姻→marry vt.结婚;嫁;娶
2. majority n.大部分;大多数→major vi.&n.主修;专业→minority n.少数;小部分
3. respond vt.回答;回复vi.做出反应;回应→response n.反应;回复;回答
4. physician n.医师;(尤指)内科医生→physics n. 物理→physical adj.物理的;身体的
5. reject vt.拒绝接受;不录用→rejection n.拒绝接受;否决
6. appoint vt.任命;委派→appointment n.约会;任命
7. elect vt.选举;推选→election n.选举;推选;当选
8. scared adj.害怕的;对……感到惊慌或恐惧的→scare vt.&vi.惊吓;使害怕;受惊吓
9. sharp adj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的;锋利的;明显的→sharpen vt.使锋利
10. operation n.手术;企业;经营→operate vt.做手术;经营;运作
11. import n.&vt.进口;输入;进口商品→export n.&vt.出口;输出;出口商品
12. assist vt.帮助;援助→assistance n.援助;帮助→assistant n.助手;助理
13. harm vt.&n.伤害;损害→harmful adj.有害的→harmless adj.无害的
14. waitress n.女侍者;(餐馆的)女服务员→waiter n.侍者;男服务员
阅读单词|明其义
1.dilemma n. 进退两难的境地;困境
2.faint vi. 昏倒;晕厥
adj. 不清楚的;微弱的
3.illustrate vt. (举例)说明;阐明;给(书或文章)加插图
4.entrust vt. 委托;交付
5.colleague n. 同事
6.passive adj. 被动的;顺从的
7.insurance n. 保险;保险业
8.pregnant adj. 怀孕的;妊娠的
9.disguise vt. 装扮;假扮;掩盖
n. 伪装;化装用具
10.despair n. 绝望
vi. 绝望;感到无望
11.flexible adj. 灵活的;可变通的
12.tension n. 紧张关系;紧张;焦虑
[Part 2 妙记·核心短语]
1. carry sb. through 帮助某人渡过难关
2. tend to do sth. 易于做某事;往往会发生某事
3. pass away 去世
4. in memory of 作为对……的纪念
5. trip over 被……绊倒
6. in despair 处于绝望中
7. in need of 需要
1.moral dilemma 道德困境
2.tuition fees 学费
3.resident physician 住院医师
4.first aid 急救
5.in tears 流着泪;含着泪
6.a great deal (of) 大量
[Part 3 速记·经典句式]
典型句式
教材原句
1.否定词与比较级连用表示最高级含义
“Life is precious...To a person nothing is more precious (没有什么更宝贵) than their life, and if they entrust me with that life, how could I refuse that trust, saying I'm cold, hungry, or tired?”
2.“序数词+不定式”作后置定语
She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired (第一位曾经被聘的女性)as a resident physician in the OBGYN department of the PUMC Hospital.
3.not...until...直到……才……
Dr Lin did not retire until (直到……才) the day she died, 22 April 1983.
4.neither ...nor...既不……也不……
Neither she nor (既不……也不) her friends thought about moving the stone out of the road.
1.majority n.大多数;大部分
►[教材对接P16] At age 18, instead of following the traditional path of marriage like the majority (大多数) of girls, she chose to study medicine.
[语境练悟]——单句语法填空
①The majority of students are (be)hardworking.
②The majority of the damage is (be) easy to repair.
③ The majority of people voted for him in the election.
[考点归纳]——知识生成
(1)the majority of... 大多数的……
be in a/the majority 占多数;过半数
(2)major adj.较大的;较多的;主要的
vi. 主修
n. 主修课
major in 主修
(3)minority n. 少数
[温馨提醒]
(1)the majority单独作主语时,谓语动词用单复数均可。
(2)“the majority of+可数名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
(3)“the majority of+不可数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
[链接写作]——单句写作
④The first time I proposed my plan at the meeting, the majority objected to it .
我第一次在会上提出我的计划的时候,绝大多数人反对它。
2.appoint vt.任命;委派
►[教材对接P16] In 1941, Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever to be appointed (appoint) director of the OBGYN department of the PUMC Hospital, but just a few months later, the department was closed because of the war.
[语境练悟]——单句语法填空
①(2024·全国甲卷)People started queuing to make an appointment (appoint) early in the morning.
②The time appointed (appoint) for the meeting was 10:30.
[考点归纳]——知识生成
(1)appoint sb.as/to be 任命、委派某人某工作/某职位
appoint sb.to do sth. 委派某人做某事
appoint sth.for sth. 为某事安排/确定(时间、地点等)
(2)appointment n. 约会;约定;任命;委派;职务;职位
fix/make/have an appointment with sb. 与某人约会
(3)appointed adj. 指定的;约定的
[链接写作]——句式升级
③He was appointed as captain of the basketball team and led the players to the next session of the Olympic Games.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
→ Appointed as captain of the basketball team ,he led the players to the next session of the Olympic Games.
3.scare vt.&vi.惊吓;使害怕;受惊吓
►[教材对接P17] She was so scared (scare)during the interview that she completely forgot how she should respond to the questions.
[语境练悟]——单句语法填空
①Some parents usually scare their children into learning English hard.
②We were all scared to death when we found a dead body floating in the pond where we were swimming.
③(2025·全国二卷)If you're scared (scare)about something and thinking only about that, there's no way you're going to be able to learn.
[考点归纳]——知识生成
(1)scare sb.away/off 把某人吓跑
scare sb.into/out of doing sth.恐吓某人做某事/吓得某人不敢做……
(2)scared adj. 害怕的;惊恐的
be scared of sb./sth. 害怕某人/某事
be/feel scared to death 吓得要死
be scared to do sth. 害怕做某事
be scared that... 害怕……
[链接写作]——完成句子
④ (2024·全国甲卷)For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals(声音) that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter.
例如,几乎所有的动物都有独特的声音,它们依靠这些声音来寻求帮助,吓跑任何危险的动物或寻找庇护所。
4.replace vt.取代;接替;更换
►[教材对接P17] The student union will hold a special meeting in January to elect someone to replace (代替)the secretary.
[语境练悟]——单句语法填空
①(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new preseeded pod(容器) to get the next growth cycle started.
②Jane was ill, so I went to the important meeting in her place.
③I will take the place of your teacher to give lessons for you.
④I cannot replace you as her assistant in the company.
[考点归纳]——知识生成
replace A with/by B 以B代替/替换A
replace sb./sth.=take sb.'s/sth.'s place=take the place of sb./sth. 取代/代替……
in sb.'s/sth.'s place=in place of sb./sth. 替代……
[佳句欣赏]
We're thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day.
我们正在考虑如何设计工厂来取代我们每天使用的东西的功能。
5.harm n.&vt.损害;伤害
►[教材对接P20] The king was in despair. “Is there no one in this village who feels any responsibility to keep their neighbours from harm (伤害)?”
[语境练悟]——单句语法填空
①(2025·浙江1月卷)While gendering a product may be good marketing, it may also strengthen outdated or harmful (harm) ideas about power and identity.
②Walking in the air full of haze does harm to us.
③Rubbish can be changed into harmless (harm) things.
[考点归纳]——知识生成
(1)mean no harm 无恶意
there is no harm in (one's) doing sth.=it does no harm (for sb.) to do sth.(某人)做某事并无害处
do sb.harm=do harm to sb. 对某人有害
(2)harmful adj. 有害的
be harmful to... 对……有害
(3)harmless adj. 无害的
[链接写作]——单句写作
④Transport has a lot to answer for when it comes to harming the planet .
当谈及对地球的伤害时,交通要承担很大责任。
1.in need of 需要
►[教材对接P16] Thinking of all the people still in need of (需要) help, Dr Lin opened a private clinic.
[语境练悟]——补全句子
①A friend in need is a friend indeed.
患难朋友才是真正的朋友。
② There's no need for you to be worried about it; everything will be all right.
你没有必要为此担心,一切都会好起来的。
③But I'm sorry we're not able to satisfy your needs this time.
但是,很遗憾,这次不能满足您的需求。
[考点归纳]——知识生成
in need 在困难中;在危急中
satisfy/meet one's needs 满足某人的需求
There's no need (for sb.) to do sth. (某人)不必做某事
[链接写作]——单句写作
④ There is no need to regret what you are not able to do.
没必要对你不能做的事感到遗憾。
2.in memory of 作为对……的纪念
►[教材对接P18] After Dr Bethune's death,Chairman Mao Zedong wrote an article in memory of (作为对……的纪念) him,in which he praised Dr Bethune as a hero to be remembered in China.
[语境练悟]——补全句子
① In memory of the dead in the Wenchuan Earthquake,people set up a monument.
为纪念汶川大地震中的遇难者,人们建起了一座纪念碑。
②A great many college graduates went to the big cities in search of better jobs.
许多大学毕业生去大城市寻找更好的工作。
③He is in charge of the company when his father is away.
当父亲不在家时,他负责公司的工作。
[温馨提醒] 在in memory of短语中,memory前不能加冠词。
[考点归纳]——知识生成
in contact with...与……在接触中
in honor of... 为了向……表示敬意;为纪念……
in search of... 寻找……
in face of... 面临……
in charge of... 掌管……
[链接写作]——单句写作
④Taking on this challenge will bring you in contact with someone who shares your interests.
接受这个挑战将会让你和与你有共同兴趣的人接触。
3.a great/good deal(of)大量
►[教材对接P20] After a great deal of (大量)effort, she finally succeeded in moving it to the side of the street.
[语境练悟]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①A great deal of money has been spent (spend) in saving the lives of the trapped miners since last week.
②He likes to swim a great/good deal .
他非常喜欢游泳。
[考点归纳]——知识生成
(1)a great/good deal(副词短语)可用在形容词、副词比较级前,加强程度;也可用来修饰动词,作状语。
(2)a great deal(名词短语)意为“大量;许多”,作主语、宾语。
(3)a great/good deal of“大量的;许多的”,只能修饰不可数名词。
“许多”的表达法:
只修饰可数名词
many, a few, a great/good many, a large number of, many a+单数名词,more than one+单数名词
只修饰不可数名词
much, a good/great deal of, a large amount of, amounts of
修饰可数名词和不可数名词均可
a lot of, lots of, a quantity of, quantities of, plenty of
[链接写作]——单句写作
③ She spent a great deal of time visiting the poor.
她花了很多时间去看望穷人。
1.否定词与比较级连用表示最高级含义
►[教材对接P16] “Life is precious....To a person nothing is more precious (没有什么更宝贵) than their life, and if they entrust me with that life, how could I refuse that trust, saying I'm cold, hungry, or tired?”
[语境练悟]——补全句子
①Your story is perfect;I've never heard a better one before.
你的故事太完美了,我之前从来没有听过比这更好的故事。
②Tom is taller than any other student in our class.
汤姆是我们班最高的学生。
③You can never be too careful while crossing the street.
过马路时,你越小心越好。
[考点归纳]——知识生成
(1)“否定词+比较级”表示“没有比……更……;没有像……一样……”,常用的否定词有no,not,never,nothing,nobody,hardly等。
(2)比较级+than+eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\co1(any other+单数名词,all the other+复数名词,anyone else,any of the other+复数名词,the rest of+复数名词或不可数名词))
(3)can/could+never/not+be+eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\co1(形容词/副词+enough,too+形容词/副词))
[链接写作]——单句写作
④As far as I'm concerned, nothing is more important than hard study .
就我个人而言,没有什么比努力学习更重要的了。
2.“序数词+不定式”作后置定语
►[教材对接P16] She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired (第一位被聘的女性)as a resident physician in the OBGYN department of the PUMC Hospital.
[语境练悟]——单句语法填空
①(2021·天津卷)For Pruitt, a keen bicyclist, the first thing to do (do) was replace his stolen bike.
②He had no reason to leave (leave) his friends and live alone on the island.
③(2023·全国乙卷)Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive (receive) a medical degree.
[考点归纳]——知识生成
不定式短语作后置定语的常见用法:
▲修饰序数词,the last,最高级,the only等或被这些词限定的名词/代词。
▲修饰抽象名词ability, chance, idea, opportunity, way, time等。
[链接写作]——单句写作
④The plum trees are the first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化).
当雪还在融化时,梅树总是第一个开花。
[基础夯实]
Ⅰ.根据汉语或首字母提示填空
1.She disguised (假扮) herself as a man so she could fight on the battlefield.
2.You need to be more flexible (灵活的) and imaginative in your approach.
3.If you want to double your income (收入), you must double your effort.
4.The tension (紧张关系) between the two countries is likely to remain.
5.I'm buried in the English novels every day. Therefore (因此) I have made great progress in my English study.
6.Students themselves need to cultivate their good v irtues and qualities.
7.His passive (被动的) attitude made me really annoyed.
8.We all shared her happiness when she won the scholarship (奖学金).
9.The principle (原则) of the design is to offer the best to the readers.
10.Time is the most precious (宝贵的) thing that we have.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.Now a majority (major) of Americans believe that doing such a thing is a big mistake.
2.Let's congratulate them on/upon their happy marriage (marry).
3.Considering your remarks, we rejected (rejection) her offer.
4.I have made an appointment (appoint) with my dentist this afternoon.
5.Our headmaster will declare the results of the election (elect) of the chairman of Student Union.
6.I was nearly scared (scare) to death by the strange noise in the deep night.
7.They were talking in a whisper, so they seemed to be saying something secret.
8.The boy burst into tears (tear) immediately he saw his mother.
9.It's harmful (harm) to your eyes to read books in the bus.
10.Our government advocates the use of energy saving (save) lights.
Ⅲ.选择合适的短语并用其适当形式填空
in need of;first aid;tend to;in memory of;do harm to;a great deal(of)
1.He jumped out of the car and gave the injured girl first aid .
2.Lacking necessary social experience, teenagers tend to be taken in by bad people.
3.We will build a monument in memory of those who sacrificed their lives for our country.
4.It is likely that pollution can do harm to the rare animals.
5.The games don't have an effect on me but affect him a great deal .
6.In an advertisement I know that your company is in need of a temporary interpreter.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.Hearing that you are in need of some volunteers to receive foreign students visiting our school, I'm gladly writing to apply for this job.
听说你们需要一些志愿者接待来访问我们学校的国外学生,我很高兴写信申请这份工作。
2.All night long he lay awake, thinking of the problem. 他彻夜未眠,思考着这问题。
3. Neither John nor Tom knows how to spell the word.
约翰和汤姆都不知道怎样拼写这个单词。
4.He is so kind and helpful;you can't praise him too much .
他既善良又乐于助人,你再怎么表扬他都不为过。
5.It is the elderly who are usually the first to taste the food served on the table.
通常是老年人最先品尝餐桌上的食物。
[素养提升]
语法填空
短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点,请按要求补全短文,并背诵体会黑体部分用法。
As a fiveyearold girl, Lin Qiaozhi was 1. deeply (deep) affected by her mother's death. At age 18, instead of 2. following (follow) the traditional path of marriage like the majority of girls, she chose to study medicine.
Eight years later, Lin graduated 3. from Peking Union Medical College and immediately became the first woman ever to 4. be hired (hire) as a resident physician.After working for a few years, she was sent to study in Europe and then greatly impressed her American colleagues,5. who invited her to stay. However, Dr Lin rejected the offer. In 1941, Dr Lin became 6. the first Chinese woman ever to be appointed 7. director (direct) of the OBGYN department of the PUMC Hospital. A few months 8. later (late), Dr Lin opened a private clinic. In 1954, she 9. was elected (elect) to the first National People's Congress . Dr Lin did not retire 10. until the day she died, 22 April 1983. She left her savings to a kindergarten and a fund for new doctors.
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