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UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS
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课后 多维检测
03
课堂 层级突破
02
课前 必备知识
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课时 素养提升
04
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[Part 1 巧记·课标单词]
写作单词|悉其识
1. individual adj. 单独的;个别的
n. 个人
2. nearby adj. 附近的;邻近的
adv. 在附近
3. military adj. 军事的;军用的
4. charge n. 收费;指控;主管
vt. 收费;控告;充电
5. amount n. 金额;数量
6. approach n.方法;途径;接近
vt. 接近;接洽;着手处理
vi. 靠近
7. landscape n. (陆上,尤指乡村的)风景
8. position n. 位置;姿态;职位
9. eager adj. 热切的; 渴望的
10. county n. (英国、爱尔兰的)郡;(美国的)县
11. greet vt. 问候;迎接
拓展单词|通其用
1. puzzle n.谜;智力游戏;疑问vt.迷惑;使困惑 →puzzling adj.令人困惑的→puzzled adj.迷惑的;困惑的;茫然的
2. belong vi.应在(某处);适应→belongings n.所属物;财物
3. defence n.防御;保卫→defend vt.防御;保卫;辩解;辩护
4. legal adj.法律的;合法的→legally adv.合法地→illegal adj.非法的
5. surround vt.包围;围绕→surrounding adj.周围的;环绕的→surroundings n.环境;周围的事物
6. evidence n.证明; 证据→evident adj.明显的
7. achievement n.成绩;成就;达到 →achieve vt.达到;完成;成功→achiever n.成功者→achievable adj.可以实现的;可达到的;可获得的
8. location n.地方;地点;位置→locate vt.确定……的准确位置;把……安置在(或建造于)
9. fascinating adj.极有吸引力的; 迷人的→fascinate vt.深深吸引;迷住
10. announce vt.宣布;通知;声称→announcement n.通知;宣布;通告
11. ensure vt.保证;确保;担保→sure adj.确定的;有把握的
12. generous adj.慷慨的;大方的;丰富的→generosity n.慷慨;大方
13. poet n.诗人→poem n.诗歌→poetry n.诗
14. custom n.风俗;习俗;习惯→customs n.海关;关税→customer n.顾客
15. crowd n.人群;一群人;民众vt.挤满;使……拥挤→crowded adj.拥挤的;占满的
16. sensory adj.感觉的;感官的→sense n.感觉;意识;官能;判断力 vt.感觉到;意识到
17. striking adj.引人注目的;显著的→strike vt.打;侵袭;使突然想起;罢工n.罢工;袭击
阅读单词|明其义
1.Confucius n. 孔子
2.kingdom n. 王国;领域
3.conquer vt. 占领;征服;控制
4.battle n. 战役;搏斗
vt.&vi. 搏斗;奋斗
5.port n. 港口
6.cattle n. 牛
7.ocean n. 大海;海洋
8.ancestor n. 祖先;祖宗
9.mansion n. 公馆;宅第
10.cemetery n. 墓地; 公墓
11.philosophy n. 哲学
12.descendant n. 后裔; 后代; 子孙
13.heel n. 足跟;(脚、袜子、鞋等的)后跟
14.chief adj. 最重要的;最高级别的
15.currency n. 通货;货币
16.gallery n. (艺术作品的)展览馆;画廊
17.honey n. 蜂蜜
18.courtyard n. 庭院;院子
[Part 2 妙记·核心短语]
1. break away from 脱离;背叛;逃脱
2.belong to 属于
3.as well as 同(一样也); 和; 还
4.keep one's eyes open 留心;留意
5.be referred to as... 被认为是……
6. leave behind 留下;落下
7.be eager to do 渴望做……
1.be surrounded by 被……包围
2.join...to... 把……和……连接或联结起来
3.add...to... 把……加入……
4.result in... 导致
5.share views on... 就……分享意见
6.date back to... 追溯到……
[Part 3 速记·经典句式]
典型句式
教材原句
1.make+宾语+宾语补足语
Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable (使你的游览更加愉快).
2.with 复合结构
The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle (羊和牛点缀着起伏的绿色山丘).
3.it作形式主语
With all this beauty, it is not surprising (一点也不令人吃惊) that Ireland has developed strong traditions that include music, dancing, and dining.
1.puzzle n.难题;谜;智力游戏;疑问vt.使困惑;迷惑
►[教材对接P40] Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle (谜题).
[语境练悟]——单句语法填空
①The puzzling (puzzle)magic by the famous magician left the audience puzzled (puzzle).
②The student was puzzled about what to do next.
③(2021·全国甲卷)Knowing you are interested in China, I do believe you can help me solve these puzzles (puzzle).
[考点归纳]——知识生成
(1)be in a puzzle 感到困惑;不知如何是好
puzzle about/over 冥思苦想;苦苦思索
(2)puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的
puzzled adj. 感到迷惑的
be puzzled about 对……迷惑不解
[佳句欣赏]
(2025·北京卷)He redesigned the bricks to lock together like puzzle pieces and adjusted the heating temperature carefully.
他重新设计了砖块,使其像拼图一样锁在一起,并仔细调整了加热温度。
2.surround vt.包围;围绕
►[教材对接P40] Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded (包围,围绕) by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.
[语境练悟]——单句语法填空
①(2025·全国二卷)Many of my classmates got interested and came up to me after class.They surrounded (surround)me, their questions pouring out like a stream.
②(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)In addition, there's no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding (surround)environment.
③He immediately noticed the advantage of his new surroundings (surround).
[考点归纳]——知识生成
(1)be surrounded by... 被……包围、环绕
(2)surrounding adj. 周围的;附近的
surroundings n. 环境;周围的事物
[链接写作]——完成句子
④The hungry bear followed his nose to our camp, which was surrounded by a high wire fence.
饥饿的熊循着气味来到我们的营地,那里被一个高高的铁丝网包围着。
3.charge n.收费;指控;主管 vt.收费;控告;充电
►[教材对接P42] Judy and I had our car parked in an underground car park near Trafalgar Square, where we could get our battery charged (充电).
[语境练悟]——单句语法填空
①(2025·浙江1月卷)Ribeiro charges 35 per person for what is usually a threecourse meal that can last up to three hours.
②It is said that the company is in the charge of a young man.
③Who do you think can take charge of this company?
④He was charged with stealing a car last week.
[考点归纳]——知识生成
in charge 主管;看管
in charge of 主管;负责;掌管
in the charge of 在……掌管之下;由……管理
take charge of 负责;掌管;接管
charge sb.with sth./doing sth. 控告某人犯某罪;指责某人做某事
charge...for... 就……(向某人)索取……费用
[链接写作]——完成句子
⑤He offers to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who need it.
他免费为需要的人修理自行车。
4.approach n.方法;途径;接近 vt.接近;接洽;着手处理vi.靠近
►[教材对接P42] It was hard to approach (接近) the painting as there were so many people around.
[语境练悟]——单句语法填空
①(2025·浙江1月卷)A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide.
② Approaching (approach) the city centre, we saw a stone statue of about 10 metres in height.
[考点归纳]——知识生成
(1)an approach to... 接近;近似;……的方法/途径
at the approach of 在快到……的时候
(2)approach sb./sth. 靠近/接近某人/某物
be approaching 正在/将要接近
an approach to中的to为介词, 后面要跟名词或动名词作宾语。
[链接写作]——完成句子
③(2024·北京卷)One night, in my early 40s, I dreamed that a big woman in red approached me , handed me a bag of paints, and told me to start painting.
一天晚上,在我40岁出头的时候,我梦见一个红衣大女人走近我,递给我一袋颜料,让我开始画画。
5.evidence n.证明;证据
►[教材对接P40] Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded by evidence (证据) of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.
[语境练悟]——单句语法填空
①(2022·全国乙卷)For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was interpreted as evidence (evident)that children are hopelessly “egocentric” (自我中心的) creatures.
②It is evident (evidence) that the party was a failure.
[考点归纳]——知识生成
(1)There is some evidence that... 有证据证明……
in evidence 显眼;显而易见
(2)evident adj. 明显的;明白的
It's evident that... 很明显……
(3)evidently adv. 明显地;显然
[链接写作]——完成句子
③(2025·北京卷)The good news is that there is evidence we can learn to change our own story.
好消息是,有证据表明,我们可以学会改变自己的故事。
6.defence n.防御;保卫
►[教材对接P40] They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence (防御).
[语境练悟]——单句语法填空
①The monument is in memory of the soldiers who died in defence of their country.
②When the dog attacked me, I defended (defence) myself with a stick.
③They help the body defend itself against/from some kinds of infections.
[考点归纳]——知识生成
(1)defence n. 防御;保卫
in defence of为了保卫;为……辩护
(2)defend...from/against保护……以免受……;防御
defend oneself 为自己辩护;自卫
[链接写作]——完成句子
④(2025·北京卷) In my defence , I did what we've all done before, which is to repeat received wisdom without exploring the nuances.
在我的辩护中,我做了我们所有人都做过的事,就是重复那些大家都认可的观点,却没有探究其中的细微差别。
1.result in导致
►[教材对接P40] Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted in (导致) the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
[语境练悟]——单句语法填空
①(2025·全国一卷)I sit in my apartment today, loving each of the belongings (belong) that share our small space.
②(2022·全国乙卷)You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but probably won't result in a useful response.
③He was injured as a result of the traffic accident.
[考点归纳]——知识生成
result from 因……而引起;因……而导致
as a result 结果;因此(作状语)
as a/the result of 由于……;因为……
without result 毫无结果
result in (导致)与lead to (导致)同义,且in与to皆为介词,两短语可互换。
[链接写作]——完成句子
④(2024·北京卷) As a result , the first four years of my postgraduate career were defined by a series of failures. 结果,我研究生生涯的前四年被一系列的失败所定义。
2.belong to 属于
►[教材对接P40] The four countries that belong to (属于) the United Kingdom work together in some areas.
[语境练悟]——单句语法填空
①He was identified only by this uniform and personal belongings (belong).
②The house belonging (belong) to my grandfather was sold yesterday.
[考点归纳]——知识生成
(1)belong to表示“属于”,不能用于进行时态和被动语态,作后置定语时,常用现在分词。
(2)belong vi.“适合待在某处,放在某处”,无被动语态。
(3)belongings n.财产;所有物;相关事物
[链接写作]——完成句子
③If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym .
如果你打算在健身房锻炼,那个人一定是同一个健身房的。
1.“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构
► [教材对接P41] Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable (使你的游览更加愉快).
[语境练悟]——单句语法填空
①Walking upright makes (make) it easy to find food or guard against enemies.
②It's an opportunity to make the Chinese culture better known (know) to international students.
③These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse (bad).
[考点归纳]——知识生成
make的复合结构用法如下:
(1)make sb.do sth.使/让某人做某事。当把这样的句子变为被动语态时,原句中省略的动词不定式符号to要还原。
(2)make sb./sth.done(过去分词)使某人或某事被……常用于make oneself known/heard/understood结构中。
(3)make sb./sth.+adj.使某人或某事(变得)……
(4)make sb./sth.+n.让某人或某物成为……
[链接写作]——完成句子
④(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people , and boosts local economies and communities...
旅游促进理解,扩展我们的思想,使我们成为更好的人,促进当地经济和社区的发展……
2.it作形式主语
► [教材对接P44] With all this beauty, it is not surprising that Ireland has developed strong traditions that include music, dancing, and dining.
[语境练悟]——补全句子
① It is important that we (should) learn English well.
我们学好英语是非常重要的。
② It is reported that 16 people were killed in the earthquake.
据报道,在这次地震中死了16人。
③ It's a pity that you missed the exciting football match.
很遗憾你错过了那场刺激的足球比赛。
④ It happened that I was out when he called.
他打电话的时候我碰巧出去了。
[考点归纳]——知识生成
英语中用it作形式主语的常见句型有:
(1)It+be+adj.+主语从句
如若形容词为important/necessary/good/wrong/natural...,表达一种要求、命令或者责备时,从句多使用虚拟语气(should+动词原形)。但是如果只是陈述一个事实而不是表达强烈的感情,完全可以用一般的陈述语气。
(2)It+be+过去分词+主语从句
这类过去分词有:announced,believed,expected,hoped,decided,reported,said,shown等。
如果主句中的过去分词是表示请求、建议、命令等的词,如suggested/ordered/demanded/insisted/commanded等时,that后的从句要用虚拟语气(should+动词原形),should可以省略。
(3)It+be+名词词组+主语从句
这类名词有:a fact,a pity,a shame,an honor,a question等。
(4)It+不及物动词+主语从句
这类不及物动词有:appear,seem,happen,matter等,译为“好像……;碰巧……”。[链接写作]——完成句子
⑤ It made no difference to her that you'd read every word in it and needed another to start.
你读了书中的每一个字,需要开始读另一本书,这对她没什么作用。
[基础夯实]
Ⅰ.根据汉语或首字母提示填空
1.His tutor encouraged him to read widely in p hilosophy .
2.They waited for the group to decide rather than making i ndividual decisions.
3.Financial stress is well established as a c hief reason for divorce.
4.This attack has caused severe damages to American naval and m ilitary forces.
5.Peter a nnounced that he had no attention of wasting his time at any university.
6.We have been a pproached by a number of companies that are interested in our product.
7.Arizona's desert landscape (风景) is really eyecatching.
8.He was generous (慷慨的) enough to congratulate his successor on his decision.
9.The sensory (感觉的) system may undergo longterm adaptation in alien environments.
10.All transactions have been charged (记在……账上) to your account.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.Troops have been sent to defend (defence) the borders.
2.It is illegal (legal) to intercept (拦截) radio messages.
3.Despite being a big star,she's very approachable (approach).
4.Before closing,I want to mention all those who contributed so generously (generous).
5.She exchanged a few words of greetings (greet) with the guests.
6.It is often a good idea to start with smaller and easier achievable (achieve) goals.
7.It is important to have a sense of belonging (belong).
8.Scientists had a puzzled (puzzle) look at why the whale had swum to the shore.
9.Her announcement (announce) confirmed that she would be resigning as prime minister.
10.The Great Wall was a place of interest that had fascinated (fascinating) him since he was a boy.
Ⅲ.选择合适的短语并用其适当形式填空
lead to,break away from,belong to,as well as,keep your eyes open,be charged with,fix one's eyes on,be similar to,be eager to,have a great influence on
1.I bought some new shoes which are very similar to a pair I had before.
2. Fix your eyes on the road and we will be much safer.
3. Keep your eyes open and your feet moving forward,you'll find what you need.
4.Emily was encouraged to break away from old forms and rules.
5.Sam was eager to get home and play with his new toy.
6.News media has a great influence on people's mind.
7.The museum has many works by Picasso as well as other modern painters.
8.Lions and tigers belong to the cat family.
9.Lack of exercise can lead to feelings of depression and exhaustion.
10.He can be charged with murder according to this material.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.Mr.Li has had the flowers watered this morning.
李老师上午已经把花浇过了。(have...done)
2. He was surprised to know that he got the opportunity to study in America.
他很惊讶地得知他得到了去美国学习的机会。(be surprised to)
3. It was a little disappointing to see such landscapes from far away.
专程来到这里看到这样的风景真是让人有点失望。(it作形式主语)
4. I didn't expect to have seen so many tourists here.
真没想到会在这儿见到这么多游客。(expect to)
5.It wasn't as good as I imagined .
它并没有我想象的这么好。(as...as)
[素养提升]
语法填空
短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点,请按要求补全短文,并背诵体会黑体部分用法。
Ireland's beautiful countryside has always had a great influence 1. on its people and traditions. The country has a long history of 2. producing (produce) great writers and poets. Its beautiful countryside excites and inspires all,3. offering (offer) something for each of the senses. The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties 4. is
(be) a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills 5. dotted (dot) with sheep and 6. cattle (cattle). On a quiet morning in the mountains, feel the sun on your skin, and breathe in the sweet scent of fresh flowers 7. while birds greet the new day with their morning song. To have a chance of experiencing this, stop by a village pub 8. and relax with a glass of wine or a local beer. And if you introduce 9. yourself (you) to a friendly face, you are more than likely 10. to experience (experience) local culture and customs firsthand.
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