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第6讲 并列句和状语从句
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[考点一] 五种常考的并列连词
1.表并列、递进或顺承关系的并列连词:and,both...and...,neither...nor...,not only...but also...。
The earth is one of the sun's planets,and the moon is the earth's satellite.
地球是太阳系中的一颗行星,月亮是地球的卫星。
2.表转折、对比关系的并列连词:but,yet,while。
The problem was a little hard,yet I was able to work it out.
这道题有点难,然而我却把它做出来了。
The winter in Beijing is very cold while that of Kunming is warm.
北京的冬天很冷,然而昆明的冬天却很暖和。
3.表选择关系的并列连词:or,otherwise,or else,either...or...,not...but...。
Now you can either have a rest or you can go to the cinema.
现在你可以休息,也可以去看电影。
4.表因果关系的并列连词:so,for(表“由于”,一般不放在句首)。
He found it increasingly difficult to read,for his eyesight was beginning to fail.
由于他视力开始下降,他发现读书越来越困难了。
5.特殊并列连词
when可用作并列连词,意为“这时,那时”,相当于and this/that time。常用于下列句式:
(1)be about to do sth.when...“正要做某事,这时突然……”
(2)be on the point of doing sth.when...“正要做某事,这时突然……”
(3)be doing sth.when...“正在做某事,这时突然……”
(4)had done sth.when...“刚做完某事,这时突然……”
单句语法填空
1.(2025·全国一卷)Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the strategic placement of the pieces, ________ the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, digitally generated pictures and silkscreen prints for the exhibition.
解析:考查并列连词。句意:屠宁宁说,黑白棋子之间的平衡,棋子在策略布局上的美感,以及每一步棋所蕴含的能量流动,都激发了艺术家们为展览创作油画、雕塑、数字生成的图片和丝网版画。 the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the strategic placement of the pieces, ________ the energy flow following each move三者为并列关系,作并列主语,所以空处需用连词and。故填and。
答案:and
2.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Recalling watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare's play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language ________ see how Tang's play was being performed.”
解析:考查连词。句意:回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版,并遇见前来斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时,Edmondson说:“听到中文,看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的,非常激动人心。”空前“hear the Chinese language”和空后“see how Tang's play was being performed”为并列结构,用and连接。故填and。
答案:and
3.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)He hung on for a few minutes ______ screamed for his father, but his father didn't hear him.
解析:考查连词。句意:他坚持了几分钟,尖叫着喊他的父亲,但他的父亲没有听到他。根据句子结构,设空处应该填连词,连接hung on和screamed两个动作。根据句意,此处表示并列关系。故填and。
答案:and
4.(2022·浙江卷) I thought it was impossible to persuade him into accepting my views, ________ I didn't want to waste our time to discuss.
解析:句意:我认为说服他接受我的观点是不可能的,因此我不想浪费我们的时间去讨论。空处前后是因果关系,故填so。
答案:so
5.(2022·全国乙卷)The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation ______ cultural exchanges.
解析:考查连词。句意:仪式上发布的“首个国际茶日万里茶道倡议”呼吁茶业人士团结起来,促进国际合作和文化交流。名词international cooperation和cultural exchanges为并列成分,作动词promote的宾语。故填and。
答案:and
6.(2021·全国甲卷)My bike was old and shaky but did the job.
7.(2021·浙江卷)Although Mary loved flowers, neither she nor her husband was known as a gardener.
8.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Actually,I started to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, but/yet I have long been out of practice.
9.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Then I can spare some time to learn it again, so that we can practice together every day.
10.(2020·山东卷)They kept their collection at home until it got too big or until they died,and then it was given to a museum.
[考点二] 常见的状语从句
(一)时间状语从句
常用引导词:when,as,while,as soon as,before,after,since,till,until。
1.when,while和as的用法
连词
含义及用法
例句
when
“当……时候”,可与延续性动词或短暂性动词连用;从句动作可以发生在主句动作之前、之后或与主句动作同时发生。
When you apply for a job, you must present your credentials.当你申请工作时,你必须递交你的有关证件。
while
“当……时候”,一般与延续性动词连用,从句动作与主句动作同时发生。
Mary was making coffee while her guests were finishing their meal.客人们就要吃完的时候,玛丽正在煮咖啡。
as
“一边……一边……”,常与延续性动词连用,从句动作与主句动作同时或几乎同时发生。
As he grew older,he became less active.随着他逐渐长大,他变得不那么活泼了。
2.before与since的用法
(1)before表示“在……之前;还未……就……;还没来得及……就……”。常用于句型“It will be/was+时间段+before从句”(在……之前还要多久,过了多久才……)。
John thinks it won't be long before he is ready for his new job.
约翰认为不久他就能为他的新工作做好准备。
(2)since表示“自从……以来”,常用于“It is/has been+时间段+since从句”句型。该句型表示“自从开始(不做)……已经多长时间了”,从句的时态常用一般过去时,主句的时态用现在完成时。
Cath hasn't phoned since she went to Berlin.
卡思自从去了柏林还没有打来过电话。
3.not...until...表示“直到……才”,主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词。
As far as I know,his mother won't go to bed until he returns home every night.
据我所知,他母亲每晚直到他回家才会上床睡觉。
(二)条件状语从句
常用引导词:if,unless。
特殊引导词:as/so long as,only if,providing/provided that,suppose that,in case (that),on condition that。
As long as you can keep away from them,you're safe.
只要你离他们远一点,你就会安全。
Provided that you have the money in your account,you can withdraw up to $100 a day.
只要账户存款足够,你每天可提取不超过100美元。
(三)原因状语从句
常用引导词:because,since,as。
1.because语气最强,表示必然的因果关系,用来回答 why的提问。
She's got the job because she has the advantage of knowing many languages.
她得到了这份工作,因为她有掌握多种语言的优势。
2.since语气稍弱,表示对方已经知晓的原因或事实,意为 “既然;因为;由于”。
Since it was late,I shall go home now.
既然天晚了,我该回家了。
Since we are free,let's go to the cinema.
既然我们有空,我们去看电影吧。
3.as语气最弱,往往不是明显的原因,只是对结果的附带说明。
As he wasn't there,we left a message.
由于他不在,我们给他留下了一条信息。
(四)让步状语从句
1.常用引导词:though,although,even if,even though。
2.特殊引导词:as(用在让步状语从句中必须倒装),while (一般用在句首),no matter+疑问词,whenever,wherever,whoever,whomever,however。
Even though he was getting angry,his voice remained level.
即使他非常生气,他的声音仍保持平静。
You can ask for help whenever you need it.
你如果需要帮助随时可以提出来。
(五)结果状语从句
常用引导词:so that,so...that...,such...that...。
He is such a kind person that we all like him.
=He is so kind a person that we all like him.
=He is so kind that we all like him。
他是一个非常善良的人,我们都喜欢他。
单句语法填空
1.(2025·全国一卷)So, ______ my brother showed up, I asked him to watch Toby and keep him outside.
解析:考查状语从句。句意:所以,当我弟弟出现时,我让他看着托比,让它在外面。when“当……时候”。
答案:when
2. (2024·全国甲卷)However, ________ a cat is looking for affection, they tend to produce stretched and soft meows.
解析:考查状语从句。句意:然而,当猫在寻找感情时,它们往往会发出伸展而柔软的喵喵声。when当……时候。
答案:when
3.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, ________ it shows the chef that you don't like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food.
解析:句意:在葡萄牙,这将是一个严重的错误,因为这向厨师表明你不喜欢他们的调味技巧。同样,在意大利,永远不要要求在食物中添加额外的奶酪。空处前后句有因果关系,故填because。
答案:because
4.(2022·全国乙卷)In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes.
5.(2021·全国乙卷)It was not widely accepted as a travel concept until the late 1980s.During that time,increasing environmental awareness made it desirable.
6.(2021·全国乙卷) Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.
[考点三] 其他状语从句
状语从句类型
从属连词
地点状语从句
where,wherever,everywhere,anywhere
目的状语从句
so that,in order that,in case(以免,以防),for fear that(唯恐,以防)
方式状语从句
as,as if/though
比较状语从句
as...as,not as/so... as,the same...as,比较级+than
We must camp where we can get water.
我们必须在能找到水的地方露营。
I'll speak slowly so that you can make sense of what I said.
我会说得慢一些以便让你听懂我说的话。
The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.
那个老太太对待那个男孩就好像他是她的亲生儿子一样。
He is taller than any other student in our school.
他比我们学校的任何一个学生都高。
so that 与in order that引导目的状语从句时,常与can,could,may,might连用,in order that引导的目的状语从句可以置于主句前或后,但so that引导的从句只能置于主句后。
单句语法填空
1.—Why do people like pop music? I hate it so much.
— Even though it is not your style, that doesn't mean it is bad.
2.The doctor shares his phone number with the patients in case they need medical assistance.
3.Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents' opinion unless he wants their support.
4.I cannot hear the professor clearly as there is too much noise where I am sitting.
5.Will you please do the experiment as I am doing?
6.He had his camera ready in case he saw something that would make a good picture.
7.It was much better than I'd expected.
并列句和状语从句在语法填空中的命题点
1.并列连词
①(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)It's been an honor to watch the panda programme develop and to see the pandas settle into their new home.
②(2023·全国乙卷)It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn't work, but/yet somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination.
③(2022·浙江卷)I just kept nodding when he asked me whether it is Ok to do this way or that way.
④(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain,still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your aching legs.
⑤(全国Ⅱ卷)I work not because I have to, but because I want to.
2.状语从句的引导词
①(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷) Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right.
②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)You'll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym.
③(2020·全国Ⅲ卷) As/When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist,they smiled and pointed down the river.
单句语法填空
1.(2025·浙江1月卷) ________ you've ever worked as an instructor, manager, trainer or coach, you'll know that there are few better ways to learn new information than to teach it.
解析:考查状语从句。句意:如果你曾经担任过讲师、经理、培训师或教练,你就会知道,学习新信息的最好方法莫过于讲授。根据句意,空格处填If。
答案:If
2.(2024·浙江1月卷)Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home ________ you can't use what you've bought while it's still fresh.
解析:考查连词。句意:要么你买的东西太重,搬不回家,要么你买的东西还新鲜时,就不能用了。either...or...意为“要么……要么……”,为固定句式,所以此处应用连词or。故填or。
答案:or
3.(2024·北京卷) ________ he held the notion that objective reality exists, he said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and shaping our perceptions.
解析:考查状语从句。句意:尽管他坚持认为客观现实存在,但他说,我们的思想在构建和塑造我们的感知方面起着必要的作用。while 尽管。
答案:While
4.(2023·全国甲卷)That love for philosophy lasted ________ I got to college.
答案:until
5.(2023·全国乙卷)Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831—1895) worked as a nurse for eight years ________ studying in medical college in Boston in 1860.
答案:before
6.I have a tight budget for the trip, ________ I'm not going to fly unless the airlines lower ticket prices.
答案:so
7.It is often said that the joy of traveling is not in arriving at your destination ________ in the journey itself.
答案:but
8.She says that she'll have to close the shop ________ business improves.
答案:unless
9.This photo of mine was taken ________ stood the famous Eiffel Tower.
答案:where
10.—It's a long time ________ I saw you last.
—Yes, and what a pity!It will be a long time ________ we see each other again.
答案:since;before
11.At school,some students are active ________ some are shy,yet they can be good friends with one another.
答案:while
12.If you happen to get lost in the wild,you'd better stay ________ you are and wait for help.
答案:where
13.The fear is that ________ we don't start taking this litter out of the sky soon, it will become a significant threat to active satellites.
解析:句意:令人担忧的是,如果我们不尽快开始清除空中的垃圾,它将成为活跃卫星的一个重大威胁。分析句意可知,we don't start taking this litter out of the sky soon是一个假设,因此,应该用if引导条件状语从句。故填if。
答案:if
14. ________ working as a designer after graduation, he kept exploring and advancing his skills in wood carving.
解析:句意:虽然毕业后从事设计师工作,但他不断探索和提高自己的木雕技能。引导让步状语从句,表示“虽然”应用while/though/although,句首单词首字母要大写。故填While/Though/Although。
答案:While/Though/Although
15.Just ________ a single word can change the meaning of a sentence,a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph.
解析:句意:正如一个单词可以改变一个句子的意义一样,一个句子也可以改变一个段落的意义。just as“正如,正像”,引导方式状语从句。
答案:as
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