专题03 限制性定语从句（期中复习讲义）高一英语上学期译林版

专题03 限制性定语从句 (期中复习讲义) 年份 卷别 考点 考情分析 2024 新高考I卷 限制性定语从句that/which 【考向透视】 1.聚焦关系词运用：重点考查关系代词(如that、which、who、whom、whose )和关系副词(where、when、why)的选择，依据先行词特性及在从句中充当的成分来判断 。 2.重视特殊结构：“介词+关系代词”结构，以及“介词+关系代词”中如何选介词。 3.结合语境考查：将定语从句融入语篇，如语法填空、短文改错，需结合上下文判断引导词，对学生的语境理解和语法运用能力要求更高。 4.与其他语法综合：常与强调句、名词性从句、状语从句结合考查，学生需准确区分不同从句类型和引导词的用法。 【复习目标】 1.掌握核心语法：牢记关系词的基本用法、适用情形，能精准判断先行词，明确其在从句中的语法功能。 2.突破难点易错点：攻克“介词+关系代词”结构、定语从句和状语从句,名词性从句的辨析。 3.提升语境运用能力：在不同语境中快速分析句子结构，准确填写定语从句引导词，提高语法填空的准确率。 4.写作运用：在书面表达中，灵活、准确运用定语从句，丰富句式，提升作文的语言质量。 1月浙江卷 限制性定语从句that/which 2023 全国乙卷 限制性定语从句which/that 2022 新高考I卷 限制性定语从句that ( 限制性定语从句 ) 在主从复合句中，修饰限定某一名词或代词的句子，叫定语从句。定语从句在复合句中相当于形容词，在句中作定语，故又称为形容词性从句。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉后句意不完整，无逗号。如：This is the school where I studied ten years ago. 先行词：指被定语从句修饰的名词或代词，通常为名词(如人、物、地点、时间等)，也可以是整个主句的内容。 关系词：引导定语从句，并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或状语，同时替代先行词。根据其用法分为关系代词和关系副词。 关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose, as 关系代词 先行词 在从句中的作用 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 which 物 主语、宾语 that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 whose 人或物 定语 as 人或物 主语、宾语 关系副词：when, where, why 关系副词 先行词 在从句中的作用 when 时间名词 时间状语 where 地点名词 地点状语 why 原因名词 原因状语 作用 1.连接作用---连接先行词和定语从句。 2.替代作用---在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。 3.成分作用---在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。 ( 指人 ) ( 指物 ) ( that which whose ) ( who whom ) 知识点01 关系代词的用法 1.who 指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。 That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。 2.whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略，在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替。 Li Ming is just the boy (whom) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。 3.which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。 This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。 4.that 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。 He is the man that/who lives next door. 他就是住在隔壁的那个人。 Where is the man (that/whom) I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？ I don’t like stories that/which have unhappy endings. 我不喜欢结尾悲伤的故事。 The dress (that/which) Ann bought doesn’t fit her very well. 安买的衣服不太合身。 5.whose 指人、物皆可，与后面的名词有所属关系，在定语从句中做定语。 He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。 I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。 注意：指物时，常用以下结构来代替： The house whose windows are broken is empty. =The house the windows of which are broken is empty. =The house of which the windows are broken is empty. 注意：whose+n.=the+n.+of which=of which+the+n. 6.as 当先行词受so, such, the same 修饰时使用。 如： I’ve never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过像他讲的这样的故事。 He is not such a fool as he looks. 他可不像他看上去的那样傻。 This is the same dictionary as I lost last week. 这部词典跟我上星期丢失的一样。 注意：当先行词受the same 修饰时，偶尔也用 that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。 如： She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding. 她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。 She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore. 她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的连衣裙。 因此，the same...as... 指同一类或相似的事物 the same...that... 指同一个事物 知识点02限制性定语从句中只能用that 引导的情况 1.当先行词为all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, few, the one等词时或者被这些词修饰的时候。 Everything that he said was true. 2.当先行词被the very(恰恰，正好), the only，any，few，little，no，all修饰时。 This is the very grammar book (that) I want to buy. The only thing that is constant is change. There was little that we could do to help her. 3.当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the best that has been used against pollution. This is the most interesting film that I've ever seen. 4.当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。 The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. What is the first American film that you have seen? 5.当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。(避免引导词的重复出现) Who that has common sense will believe such nonsense? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 6.当先行词既有人又有物时。 Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? 7.先行词在定语从句中做表语，而关系代词在从句中也做表语时。 She is no longer the sweet girl (that) she used to be. He is not the man (that) he seems. 知识点03 限制性定语从句只用which的情况 1.引导限定性定语从句(不用逗号分隔),先行词指物，对句子意思的表达起着关键作用。 You should select the option which best suits your requirements. 你要挑选最符合你需求的选项。 2.用于“介词 + which”结构，这种结构较为正式，常见于书面语中。 The city in which I was born is located in the southern part of the country.我出生的城市位于这个国家的南部。 3.先行词本身是that, 宜用which What’s that which she is looking at? 知识点04 限制性定语从句只用who的情况 在定语从句中who和that指代人时常可以通用，但在下列情况中只能用who，而不能用that。 1.先行词是one, ones和anyone时，宜用who。 One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth. The ones who flatter me don’t please me. Anyone who fails to finish the task given should be criticized. 2.先行词是those时，宜用who。 No words are strong enough to express our thanks to those who worked hard to rescue survivors in the earthquake. 3.当先行词有较长的后置定语时，宜用who。 I met a girl in the street yesterday who grew up in western Yunnan province. 4.一个句子带有两个定语从句时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that, 另一个宜用who。 The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard. 【即时检测】 一、语法填空 1. My neighbor ________ volunteers at the local hospital has been helping others for more than ten years. 2. Shennongjia has a naturally-balanced environment ________ allows the many and various species to live. 3. The teacher from ________ I borrowed the pen is very kind. 4. The young men ________ I work with are all friendly. 5. The company hired a new CEO ________ creative ideas have brought great success. 6. The Great Wall is so well-known a tourist attraction ________ millions ________ people visit every year. 7. A friend ________ supports you in difficulties is a true friend. 8. I don’t like the way ________ has been tried before. 9. The number of people ________ come to visit this city each year reaches one million. 10. China’s Zheng Qinwen reached the US Open quarter-finals for a second time with victory over Donna Vekic ________ she also defeated in the Paris Olympics. 解｜题｜技｜巧 1.定语从句是形容词性的，它用来修饰名词或代词； 2.掌握定语从句的分类(限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句)和引导词的特点(关系代词作成分、关系副词只能充当状语)及引导词的使用限定； 3.在选择引导词时，遵循三字原则(断：断句，划分好主句和从句；找：找准先行词；放：将引导词放入从句中，同时要看好从句是否缺少成分，再选择引导词的类别 知识点05 关系副词引导的定语从句 1.when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 I still remember the day when I first came to this school. 我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。 October 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded. 1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。 2.where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 注意先行词还可以是抽象的地点名词，如：case, point, situation, circumstance, activity… Shanghai is the city where I was born. 上海是我出生的城市。 I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised. 我参观了那个饲养了许多奶牛的农场。 He’s got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane. 3.why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 请告诉我你误机的原因。 The reason why he was punished is unknown to us. 他受惩罚的原因我们都不知道。 注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。如： I’ll never forget the day when/on which I first met you. 我永远不会忘记第一次见你的那天。 Great changes are taking place in the city where/in which they live. 他们生活的城市正发生巨大的变化。 The reason why/for which he refused the invitation is quite clear. 他为什么拒绝接受邀请的原因是十分明了的。 知识点06 “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 1. “介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom，且不能省略。 Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends. 一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。 Wu Dong, with whom I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much. 和我一起去听音乐会的吴东，非常喜欢这次音乐会。 注：在这种结构中，介词与先行词组成短语，在从句中充当句子成分，因此介词的选用时受到一定限制的，仍然根据先行词与介词的搭配关系而定。 2. “不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋of which/whom”引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体关系。如：some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词或分数，百分比加上of which或of whom来修饰或限定先行词。 He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of which has been proved. 科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。 Many young people，most of whom were well­educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。 3. 在定语从句中，whose修饰物时可以换为“the＋名词＋of which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋of whom”。 The newly­built café, whose walls (＝the walls of which) are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work. 这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。 I live next door to a couple whose children (＝the children of whom) often make a lot of noise. 我住在一对夫妻的隔壁，他们的孩子经常制造噪音。 【即时检测】 一、语法填空 1. I still remember the day ________ we visited the old town and took many beautiful photos together. 2. This is the coffee shop ________ we first shared our dreams. 3. The reason ________ Bob was late for the event was that he got stuck in traffic. 4. This is the book from ________ I learned the most important life lessons. 5. The tool with ________ he fixed the bike is very useful. 6. When I saw it up close, I was struck by the small areas of light across the painting and the way ________ the soft edges of the figures seem to mix together. 7. The day ________ his father came back from abroad is the happiest day in the boy’s life. (用介词+关系代词填空) 8. It’s the way in ________ tourists can ask if a place has the fashionable vibe(氛围) of a big city. 9. There’s no better way ________ you can learn a language than by practicing daily. ​ 10. He’s the scientist ________ research we’ve gained valuable insights into environmental protection. (介词+关系代词) 易｜错｜点｜拨 1.含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。 This is the watch (which/that) I am looking for. (正) This is the watch for which I am looking. (误) 2.介词后的关系代词不可用that和who，若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，指物时只可用which；关系代词是所有格时用whose。 The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. (正) The man with that/who you talked just now is my neighbour. (误) 3.定语从句中的主谓一致用法 (1)定语从句先行词作主语，that/which/who从句谓语动词和主语保持一致。 Anyone who fails to finish the task given should be criticized.任何人不能完成指定的任务，都应受到批评。 Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.凡是想去长城的人在这里签名。 (2)定语从句先行词是one of…结构，从句谓语用复数；先行词是the only /very one of…，从句谓语用单数。 He is one of the students who have read the book. 他是看过这本书的学生中的一位。 She is the only one of the girls who knows English. 她是那些女孩中唯一一位懂英语的。 解｜题｜技｜巧 关系代词和关系副词之比较择 (看从句是否缺少成分，缺什么补什么)用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用(即所担当的成分)。 因此，在定语从句中，如果从句缺少成分，我们要选择关系代词，否则就选关系副词。选关系副词时，还要注意指代的对象，是时间(when)、地点(where)、还是原因(why)。 基础通关(测试时间：10分钟) 单项选择 1. In an experiment, pet owners are being encouraged to take their pets to work, a move ________ can be good for both the people and the pets. A. that some scientists say B. in which some scientists say C. some scientists say that D. some scientists say 2. I’ve never heard of the people and things ________ you talked about just now. A. which B. that C. who D. whom 3. Residential buildings must maintain an atmosphere________ supports the academic mission of the school. A. where B. which C. what D. / 4. A true friend is a person ________ reaches for your hand and touches your heart. A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 5. He is the musician ________ I met yesterday. A. which B. where C. whose D. whom 6. I know a friend ________ brother is a pop singer. A. which B. that C. whose D. whom 7. Such people ________ were invited to the party showed no special interest in the soup he specially made for them, ________ made him upset. A. who; that B. as; that C. who; which D. as; which 8. Frankly speaking, such efficient strategies for reading ________ every student could benefit from in learning should be applied in English courses. A. when B. that C. as D. where 9. Movies also disappoint us when things don’t look the way ________ we imagined them in the books. A. in which B. at which C. in that D. which 10. Michelangelo left us with a great number of sculptures and paintings, and today his works are still examples ________ art students must learn. A. to which B. of which C. whose D. from which 重难突破(测试时间：10分钟) 一、完成句子 1. The city is very beautiful. I visited the city last summer. (用定语从句合并句子) ________________________________________________________________ 2. The park is crowded today. We often take a walk in the park. (用定语从句合并句子) ________________________________________________________________ 3. The black pen writes well. I like the black pen very much. (用定语从句合并句子) ________________________________________________________________ 4. The big house looks beautiful. Tom lives in the big house. (用定语从句合并句子) ________________________________________________________________ 5. The cute girl has long hair. The cute girl is my classmate. (用定语从句合并句子) ________________________________________________________________ 6. The book is very interesting. I bought the book yesterday. (用定语从句合并句子) ________________________________________________________________ 7. The little boy is playing football. The little boy is my brother. (用定语从句合并句子) ________________________________________________________________ 8. The novelist will attend the literary festival next month. The novelist’s latest book explores themes of peace and freedom. (改写定语从句) ________________________________________________________________ 9. The doctor can treat rare diseases. The doctor was awarded the National Medical Prize last year. (改写定语从句) ________________________________________________________________ 10. This restaurant has an inviting, homelike atmosphere. Many others are short of the atmosphere. (改写定语从句) ________________________________________________________________ 易混易错(测试时间：10分钟) 一、选词填空 用关系代词that或which填空 1. An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, ________ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. 2. Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, ________ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period. 3. Of course, shops are not charities-they price goods in the way ________ will make them the most money. 4. He called it a pollutant ________ threatens nocturnal animals and affects plants and microorganisms. 5. But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ________ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. 用关系代词who，whom，that，whose或as填空 6. Now I have become a senior high school student and this means I have an opportunity to become a different person ________ can be better prepared for my future life. 7. So the very thing ________ once saved us may now be killing us. 8. Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ________ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. 9. Kate, ________ sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia. 10. He is such a lovely student ________ everyone likes. 选词填空 11. I can never forget the day ________(on which/in which) we worked together. 12. Last summer we visited Hangzhou, ________(in which/as which) we stayed for one week. 13. This is the reason ________(with which /for which) he didn’t come to the meeting. 14. The engineer ________(with who/with whom) my father works is about 50 years old. 15. The pen ________(with which /by which) he is writing is mine. 16. Can you lend me the book ________(about which/with which) you talked the other day? 17. This is the website ________(where/which) I can find some interesting stories. 18. That is not the way ________(in which/with which) I do it. 19. This is the magazine ________(which/from which) I copied the paragraph. 20. That is the day ________(which/on which) I’ll never forget. 选词填空(that/which/when/where/why) 21. I will never forget the days ________ we spent together. 22. Do you remember the day ________ we first met? 23. The reason ________ he explained at the meeting was not sound. 24. The reason ________ he was late was that he missed his bus. 25. The school ________ I studied for only two years was three kilometres away. 26. This is the house ________ was built by my grandfather forty years ago. 链接高考(测试时间：15分钟) 1.(2024新课标I卷)The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route ________ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. 2.(2024浙江1月卷)Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way ________ will make them the most money. 3.(2023全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ________ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. 4.(2023上海春考)Young Enterprise primarily meets the needs of young people ________ are still at school, giving them an understanding of industry and the opportunities it may offer them in the future. 5.(2022新课标I卷)The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 6.(2021新课标II卷)I decided that if I learned of a company ________ used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back. 7.(2021北京卷)When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything ________ happened during the day, trying to link new experiences to old memories. 8.(2021浙江1月卷)BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ________ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. 9.(2020新课标卷)The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum ________ opened in 1759. 10.(2023全国乙卷)The color she chose came in a box which had a picture of a woman ________ hair color looked just perfect. 11.(2022浙江1月卷)Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics ________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. 12.(2021年上海春考)Otherwise, you'll need to find a local studio ________ can be expensive. 13. (2020年上海春考) The pair annoyed the gods of the underworld with their noisy playing and the two brothers were tricked into descending into Xibalba (the underworld) ________ they were challenged to a ball game. 14. (2019年上海春考)So ambition and the timely realization ________ he would have to determine “what’s next” on his own urged Jason to engage his future self to find direction. 15.(2018年上海秋考)Sometimes, the parents ________ complain about the role of screens in family life are just as guilty of spending too much time in front of one. 10 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 限制性定语从句 (期中复习讲义) 年份 卷别 考点 考情分析 2024 新高考I卷 限制性定语从句that/which 【考向透视】 1.聚焦关系词运用：重点考查关系代词(如that、which、who、whom、whose )和关系副词(where、when、why)的选择，依据先行词特性及在从句中充当的成分来判断 。 2.重视特殊结构：“介词+关系代词”结构，以及“介词+关系代词”中如何选介词。 3.结合语境考查：将定语从句融入语篇，如语法填空、短文改错，需结合上下文判断引导词，对学生的语境理解和语法运用能力要求更高。 4.与其他语法综合：常与强调句、名词性从句、状语从句结合考查，学生需准确区分不同从句类型和引导词的用法。 【复习目标】 1.掌握核心语法：牢记关系词的基本用法、适用情形，能精准判断先行词，明确其在从句中的语法功能。 2.突破难点易错点：攻克“介词+关系代词”结构、定语从句和状语从句,名词性从句的辨析。 3.提升语境运用能力：在不同语境中快速分析句子结构，准确填写定语从句引导词，提高语法填空的准确率。 4.写作运用：在书面表达中，灵活、准确运用定语从句，丰富句式，提升作文的语言质量。 1月浙江卷 限制性定语从句that/which 2023 全国乙卷 限制性定语从句which/that 2022 新高考I卷 限制性定语从句that ( 限制性定语从句 ) 在主从复合句中，修饰限定某一名词或代词的句子，叫定语从句。定语从句在复合句中相当于形容词，在句中作定语，故又称为形容词性从句。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉后句意不完整，无逗号。如：This is the school where I studied ten years ago. 先行词：指被定语从句修饰的名词或代词，通常为名词(如人、物、地点、时间等)，也可以是整个主句的内容。 关系词：引导定语从句，并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或状语，同时替代先行词。根据其用法分为关系代词和关系副词。 关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose, as 关系代词 先行词 在从句中的作用 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 which 物 主语、宾语 that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 whose 人或物 定语 as 人或物 主语、宾语 关系副词：when, where, why 关系副词 先行词 在从句中的作用 when 时间名词 时间状语 where 地点名词 地点状语 why 原因名词 原因状语 作用 1.连接作用---连接先行词和定语从句。 2.替代作用---在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。 3.成分作用---在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。 ( 指人 ) ( 指物 ) ( that which whose ) ( who whom ) 知识点01 关系代词的用法 1.who 指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。 That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。 2.whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略，在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替。 Li Ming is just the boy (whom) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。 3.which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。 This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。 4.that 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。 He is the man that/who lives next door. 他就是住在隔壁的那个人。 Where is the man (that/whom) I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？ I don’t like stories that/which have unhappy endings. 我不喜欢结尾悲伤的故事。 The dress (that/which) Ann bought doesn’t fit her very well. 安买的衣服不太合身。 5.whose 指人、物皆可，与后面的名词有所属关系，在定语从句中做定语。 He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。 I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。 注意：指物时，常用以下结构来代替： The house whose windows are broken is empty. =The house the windows of which are broken is empty. =The house of which the windows are broken is empty. 注意：whose+n.=the+n.+of which=of which+the+n. 6.as 当先行词受so, such, the same 修饰时使用。 如： I’ve never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过像他讲的这样的故事。 He is not such a fool as he looks. 他可不像他看上去的那样傻。 This is the same dictionary as I lost last week. 这部词典跟我上星期丢失的一样。 注意：当先行词受the same 修饰时，偶尔也用 that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。 如： She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding. 她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。 She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore. 她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的连衣裙。 因此，the same...as... 指同一类或相似的事物 the same...that... 指同一个事物 知识点02限制性定语从句中只能用that 引导的情况 1.当先行词为all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, few, the one等词时或者被这些词修饰的时候。 Everything that he said was true. 2.当先行词被the very(恰恰，正好), the only，any，few，little，no，all修饰时。 This is the very grammar book (that) I want to buy. The only thing that is constant is change. There was little that we could do to help her. 3.当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the best that has been used against pollution. This is the most interesting film that I've ever seen. 4.当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。 The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. What is the first American film that you have seen? 5.当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。(避免引导词的重复出现) Who that has common sense will believe such nonsense? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 6.当先行词既有人又有物时。 Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? 7.先行词在定语从句中做表语，而关系代词在从句中也做表语时。 She is no longer the sweet girl (that) she used to be. He is not the man (that) he seems. 知识点03 限制性定语从句只用which的情况 1.引导限定性定语从句(不用逗号分隔),先行词指物，对句子意思的表达起着关键作用。 You should select the option which best suits your requirements. 你要挑选最符合你需求的选项。 2.用于“介词 + which”结构，这种结构较为正式，常见于书面语中。 The city in which I was born is located in the southern part of the country.我出生的城市位于这个国家的南部。 3.先行词本身是that, 宜用which What’s that which she is looking at? 知识点04 限制性定语从句只用who的情况 在定语从句中who和that指代人时常可以通用，但在下列情况中只能用who，而不能用that。 1.先行词是one, ones和anyone时，宜用who。 One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth. The ones who flatter me don’t please me. Anyone who fails to finish the task given should be criticized. 2.先行词是those时，宜用who。 No words are strong enough to express our thanks to those who worked hard to rescue survivors in the earthquake. 3.当先行词有较长的后置定语时，宜用who。 I met a girl in the street yesterday who grew up in western Yunnan province. 4.一个句子带有两个定语从句时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that, 另一个宜用who。 The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard. 【即时检测】 一、语法填空 1. My neighbor ________ volunteers at the local hospital has been helping others for more than ten years. 【答案】who/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我的在当地医院做志愿者的邻居帮助他人已经超过十年了。本空引导定语从句，先行词是My neighbor，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that引导。故填who或that。 2. Shennongjia has a naturally-balanced environment ________ allows the many and various species to live. 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：神农架拥有自然平衡的环境，这种环境允许众多不同的物种生存。此处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是environment，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that或which。 3. The teacher from ________ I borrowed the pen is very kind. 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我向他借笔的那位老师非常和蔼。本空引导定语从句，先行词是The teacher，指人，且关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作介词from的宾语，应用关系代词whom引导该从句。故填whom。 4. The young men ________ I work with are all friendly. 【答案】who/whom/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我一起工作的那些年轻男士都很友好。________I work with是关系词引导的定语从句修饰表示人的先行词The young men，所填关系词作work with的宾语，关系代词who/whom/that符合条件。故填who/whom/that。 5. The company hired a new CEO ________ creative ideas have brought great success. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这家公司聘用了一位新任首席执行官，其富有创意的想法带来了巨大的成功。空处引导定语从句，先行词是a new CEO，关系词在从句中作定语，修饰creative ideas，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 6. The Great Wall is so well-known a tourist attraction ________ millions ________ people visit every year. 【答案】as; of 【详解】考查定语从句和介词。句意：长城是一个著名的旅游景点，每年有数百万人参观。第一空引导定语从句，先行词是attraction，被so修饰，关系词在从句中作宾语，可知使用关系代词as引导定语从句；millions of“几百万的”，故填①as②of。 7. A friend ________ supports you in difficulties is a true friend. 【答案】who/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在困难时支持你的朋友才是真正的朋友。本空引导定语从句，先行词是A friend，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that引导该从句。故填who/that。 8. I don’t like the way ________ has been tried before. 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我不喜欢以前试过的方法。本空引导定语从句，修饰先行词the way，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，用that或which引导，故填that或which。 9. The number of people ________ come to visit this city each year reaches one million. 【答案】that/who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：每年来这座城市参观的人数达到了一百万。空处引导定语从句，先行词people，指人，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词that/who引导。故填that/who。 10. China’s Zheng Qinwen reached the US Open quarter-finals for a second time with victory over Donna Vekic ________ she also defeated in the Paris Olympics. 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：中国选手郑钦文战胜了多娜·维基奇再次打进美网四分之一决赛，她在巴黎奥运会上也曾击败过维基奇。此处为限制性定语从句，先行词为Donna Vekic，指人，引导词在定语从句中作defeated的宾语，用关系代词whom引导该从句。故填whom。 解｜题｜技｜巧 1.定语从句是形容词性的，它用来修饰名词或代词； 2.掌握定语从句的分类(限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句)和引导词的特点(关系代词作成分、关系副词只能充当状语)及引导词的使用限定； 3.在选择引导词时，遵循三字原则(断：断句，划分好主句和从句；找：找准先行词；放：将引导词放入从句中，同时要看好从句是否缺少成分，再选择引导词的类别 知识点05 关系副词引导的定语从句 1.when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 I still remember the day when I first came to this school. 我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。 October 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded. 1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。 2.where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 注意先行词还可以是抽象的地点名词，如：case, point, situation, circumstance, activity… Shanghai is the city where I was born. 上海是我出生的城市。 I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised. 我参观了那个饲养了许多奶牛的农场。 He’s got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane. 3.why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 请告诉我你误机的原因。 The reason why he was punished is unknown to us. 他受惩罚的原因我们都不知道。 注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。如： I’ll never forget the day when/on which I first met you. 我永远不会忘记第一次见你的那天。 Great changes are taking place in the city where/in which they live. 他们生活的城市正发生巨大的变化。 The reason why/for which he refused the invitation is quite clear. 他为什么拒绝接受邀请的原因是十分明了的。 知识点06 “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 1. “介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom，且不能省略。 Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends. 一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。 Wu Dong, with whom I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much. 和我一起去听音乐会的吴东，非常喜欢这次音乐会。 注：在这种结构中，介词与先行词组成短语，在从句中充当句子成分，因此介词的选用时受到一定限制的，仍然根据先行词与介词的搭配关系而定。 2. “不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋of which/whom”引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体关系。如：some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词或分数，百分比加上of which或of whom来修饰或限定先行词。 He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of which has been proved. 科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。 Many young people，most of whom were well­educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。 3. 在定语从句中，whose修饰物时可以换为“the＋名词＋of which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋of whom”。 The newly­built café, whose walls (＝the walls of which) are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work. 这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。 I live next door to a couple whose children (＝the children of whom) often make a lot of noise. 我住在一对夫妻的隔壁，他们的孩子经常制造噪音。 【即时检测】 一、语法填空 1. I still remember the day ________ we visited the old town and took many beautiful photos together. 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我仍然记得我们参观老城区的那一天，我们一起拍了许多美丽的照片。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词day是时间，因此用关系副词when引导定语从句，故填when。 2. This is the coffee shop ________ we first shared our dreams. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这就是我们第一次分享梦想的咖啡馆。设空处引导定语从句，修饰the coffee shop，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where引导。故填where。 3. The reason ________ Bob was late for the event was that he got stuck in traffic. 【答案】why 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：鲍勃参加活动迟到的原因是他遇到了交通堵塞。“Bob was late for the event”是定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词reason是原因，因此用关系副词why引导定语从句，故填why。 4. This is the book from ________ I learned the most important life lessons. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：这就是那本让我学到最重要人生经验的书。先行词是“the book”，指物，在定语从句“from ________ I learned the most important life lessons”中，“from”是介词，“from +关系代词”引导定语从句时，先行词指物只能用“which” 。故填which。 5. The tool with ________ he fixed the bike is very useful. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他用来修自行车的那个工具非常有用。空处引导定语从句，先行词the tool，指物，在定语从句中作介词with的宾语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。 6. When I saw it up close, I was struck by the small areas of light across the painting and the way ________ the soft edges of the figures seem to mix together. 【答案】that/in which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：当我近距离观看时，我被画中那些小片的光亮以及人物柔和的边缘似乎融合在一起的方式所吸引。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词way，关系词在从句中作方式状语，可以用that/in which引导。故填that/in which。 7. The day ________ his father came back from abroad is the happiest day in the boy’s life. (用介词+关系代词填空) 【答案】on which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：父亲从国外回来的那一天是这个男孩一生中最快乐的一天。根据要求，空处应用“介词+关系代词”引导限制性定语从句，先行词the day指物，表示在具体的某一天用介词on，应用关系词指代先行词作on宾语，用关系代词which，故用on which引导定语从句。故填on which。 8. It’s the way in ________ tourists can ask if a place has the fashionable vibe(氛围) of a big city. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这是游客可以询问一个地方是否具有大城市时尚氛围的方式。分析句子结构可知，此处为“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词是“the way”(表示“方式、方法”)，关系代词在从句中作介词“in”的宾语，且先行词指物，故需用关系代词which。故填which。 9. There’s no better way ________ you can learn a language than by practicing daily. ​ 【答案】that/in which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：除了每天练习，没有更好的学习语言的方法了。in the way“以某种方式”。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是way，关系词代替先行词在从句中作方式状语，此时可用关系代词that或“介词in +关系代词which”引导。故填that/in which。 10. He’s the scientist ________ research we’ve gained valuable insights into environmental protection. (介词+关系代词) 【答案】from whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他就是那位科学家，从他的研究中我们获得了关于环境保护的宝贵见解。from one’s research表示“从某人的研究中”。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是the scientist，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作介词from的宾语，且表示“他的研究”，应用“介词from+关系代词whose”引导。故填from whose。 易｜错｜点｜拨 1.含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。 This is the watch (which/that) I am looking for. (正) This is the watch for which I am looking. (误) 2.介词后的关系代词不可用that和who，若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，指物时只可用which；关系代词是所有格时用whose。 The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. (正) The man with that/who you talked just now is my neighbour. (误) 3.定语从句中的主谓一致用法 (1)定语从句先行词作主语，that/which/who从句谓语动词和主语保持一致。 Anyone who fails to finish the task given should be criticized.任何人不能完成指定的任务，都应受到批评。 Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.凡是想去长城的人在这里签名。 (2)定语从句先行词是one of…结构，从句谓语用复数；先行词是the only /very one of…，从句谓语用单数。 He is one of the students who have read the book. 他是看过这本书的学生中的一位。 She is the only one of the girls who knows English. 她是那些女孩中唯一一位懂英语的。 解｜题｜技｜巧 关系代词和关系副词之比较择 (看从句是否缺少成分，缺什么补什么)用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用(即所担当的成分)。 因此，在定语从句中，如果从句缺少成分，我们要选择关系代词，否则就选关系副词。选关系副词时，还要注意指代的对象，是时间(when)、地点(where)、还是原因(why)。 基础通关(测试时间：10分钟) 单项选择 1. In an experiment, pet owners are being encouraged to take their pets to work, a move ________ can be good for both the people and the pets. A. that some scientists say B. in which some scientists say C. some scientists say that D. some scientists say 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在一项实验中，宠物主人被鼓励带宠物去工作，一些科学家称这一举措对人和宠物都有好处。此处为关系词引导的定语从句，修饰先行词为“a move”，“some scientists say”为插入语，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，且that不可省略。故选A项。 2. I’ve never heard of the people and things ________ you talked about just now. A. which B. that C. who D. whom 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我从未听说过你刚才谈论的人和事。“________ you talked about just now”是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the people and things，既有人又有物，关系词将其代入从句中作宾语，只能用关系代词that引导从句。故选B项。 3. Residential buildings must maintain an atmosphere________ supports the academic mission of the school. A. where B. which C. what D. / 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：住宅建筑必须保持一种支持学校学术使命的氛围。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，代替先行词an atmosphere在从句中作主语成分，用关系代词which作引导词。故选B项。 4. A true friend is a person ________ reaches for your hand and touches your heart. A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句关系词辨析。句意：真正的朋友是一个向你伸出手，触动你心灵的人。A. who谁(关系代词，指代人，在从句中作主语)；B. whom谁(关系代词，指代人，在从句中作宾语)；C. which哪一个(关系代词，指代物，在从句中作主语或宾语)；D. whose谁的(关系代词，指代人或物，在从句中作定语)。由句意可知，先行词“a person”表示人，且从句中缺少主语，需要关系代词作主语，应用who。故选A项。 5. He is the musician ________ I met yesterday. A. which B. where C. whose D. whom 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他就是我昨天遇到的那位音乐家。本空引导定语从句，先行词是the musician，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作met的宾语，应用关系代词whom引导。故选D。 6. I know a friend ________ brother is a pop singer. A. which B. that C. whose D. whom 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我认识一个朋友，他的哥哥是一名流行歌手。“ brother is a pop singer”是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“a friend”，关系词将其代入从句中作定语，表示“朋友的哥哥”，应用表示所属关系的关系代词whose引导从句。故选C项。 7. Such people ________ were invited to the party showed no special interest in the soup he specially made for them, ________ made him upset. A. who; that B. as; that C. who; which D. as; which 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：被邀请参加聚会的人对他专门为他们做的汤没有什么特别的兴趣，这使他很不高兴。先行词被such修饰，且定语从句缺少主语，应用关系代as引导定语从句。第二空考查非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子，从句缺少主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故选D。 8. Frankly speaking, such efficient strategies for reading ________ every student could benefit from in learning should be applied in English courses. A. when B. that C. as D. where 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：坦白地说，这样高效的阅读策略——每个学生都能从中受益的——应该被应用到英语课程中。空处引导定语从句，先行词是“strategies”，关系词在定语从句中作宾语，关系代词为as；构成“such…as”为固定结构。故选C。 9. Movies also disappoint us when things don’t look the way ________ we imagined them in the books. A. in which B. at which C. in that D. which 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：当电影里的东西看起来不像我们在书中想象的那样时，电影也会让我们失望。当先行词是way，意为“方式”，且关系词将其代入定语从句中作方式状语时，定语从句的引导词可以是that/in which或者不填，只有选项A符合。故选A项。 10. Michelangelo left us with a great number of sculptures and paintings, and today his works are still examples ________ art students must learn. A. to which B. of which C. whose D. from which 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：米开朗基罗给我们留下了大量的雕塑和绘画作品，今天他的作品仍然是艺术学生必须学习的榜样。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词examples，examples指物，从句主干成分完整，结合“learn”可知，此处需用learn from“向……学习”的固定搭配，先行词作介词from的宾语，因此应用from which引导定语从句。故选D。 重难突破(测试时间：10分钟) 一、完成句子 1. The city is very beautiful. I visited the city last summer. (用定语从句合并句子) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The city which I visited last summer is very beautiful.//The city that I visited last summer is very beautiful./The city I visited last summer is very beautiful. 【详解】考查定语从句。原句句意：这座城市非常美丽。我去年夏天参观了这座城市。改写后句意：我去年夏天参观的这座城市非常美丽。确定先行词：在两个简单句中，共同描述的对象是The city，所以The city是合并后句子中定语从句的先行词。将第二句改为定语从句，先行词The city指物，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作visited的宾语，关系代词可以用that或which，也可以省略关系代词。故答案为：The city that/which (或无关系词) I visited last summer is very beautiful. 2. The park is crowded today. We often take a walk in the park. (用定语从句合并句子) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The park where/in which we often take a walk is crowded today. 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们经常去散步的那个公园今天很拥挤。原句是两个简单句，第二个句子可改写为定语从句，修饰先行词park，结合“in the park”可知，关系词在从句中作地点状语，可用where或in which引导，故答案是The park where/in which we often take a walk is crowded today. 3. The black pen writes well. I like the black pen very much. (用定语从句合并句子) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The black pen that/which (或无关系词) I like very much writes well. 【详解】考查定语从句。原句句意：这支黑钢笔写得很好。我非常喜欢那支黑色钢笔。改写后句意：我非常喜欢的那支黑色钢笔写得很好。确定先行词：在两个简单句中，共同描述的对象是the black pen，所以the black pen是合并后句子中定语从句的先行词。将第二句改为定语从句，先行词the black pen指物，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作宾语，关系代词可以用that或which，也可以省略关系代词。故答案为：The black pen that/which (或无关系词) I like very much writes well. 4. The big house looks beautiful. Tom lives in the big house. (用定语从句合并句子) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The big house where Tom lives looks beautiful./The big house in which Tom lives looks beautiful. 【详解】考查定语从句。 句意：汤姆居住的那座大房子看起来很漂亮。两个句子的相同部分是big house，所以用它作为先行词，代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，关系副词“where”或者“in which”引导定语从句。故填The big house where/in which Tom lives looks beautiful. 5. The cute girl has long hair. The cute girl is my classmate. (用定语从句合并句子) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The cute girl who has long hair is my classmate./The cute girl that has long hair is my classmate. 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这个可爱的女孩有长头发。这个可爱的女孩是我的同学。两个句子有着相同的主语，可将第一句处理为限制性定语从句，修饰第二句主语The cute girl，即先行词，指人，关系词将其代入从句中作主语，用关系代词who或that引导从句，其他部分不变。故填The cute girl who/that has long hair is my classmate. 6. The book is very interesting. I bought the book yesterday. (用定语从句合并句子) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting./The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting./The book I bought yesterday is very interesting. 【详解】考查定语从句。原句句意：这本书非常有趣。我昨天买了这本书。改写后句意：我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。确定先行词：在两个简单句中，共同描述的对象是the book，所以the book是合并后句子中定语从句的先行词。将第二句改为定语从句，先行词the book指物，代替先行词在定语从句中作bought的宾语，可用关系代词that或which，也可以省略关系代词。故答案为：The book which/that (或无关系词) I bought yesterday is very interesting. 7. The little boy is playing football. The little boy is my brother. (用定语从句合并句子) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The little boy who/that is playing football is my brother. 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：正在踢足球的那个小男孩是我哥哥。原句是两个简单句，均含有The little boy，第一个句子可改写为限定性定语从句，修饰先行词The little boy，关系词在从句中作主语，先行词指人，应用关系代词who或that引导，故答案是The little boy who/that is playing football is my brother. 8. The novelist will attend the literary festival next month. The novelist’s latest book explores themes of peace and freedom. (改写定语从句) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The novelist whose latest book explores themes of peace and freedom will attend the literary festival next month. 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这位小说家将于下月出席文学节。这位小说家的最新著作探讨了和平与自由的主题。第一个简单句作为主句，第二个简单句作为定语从句，将the novelist作为先行词，与latest book为所属关系，需使用关系代词whose引导从句，替代原句中的所有格the novelist’s。故答案是：The novelist whose latest book explores themes of peace and freedom will attend the literary festival next month. 9. The doctor can treat rare diseases. The doctor was awarded the National Medical Prize last year. (改写定语从句) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The doctor who/that was awarded the National Medical Prize last year can treat rare diseases. /The doctor who/that can treat rare diseases was awarded the National Medical Prize last year. 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：去年获得国家医学奖的那位医生能治疗罕见疾病。/能治疗罕见疾病的那位医生去年获得了国家医学奖。先行词是“the doctor”(医生)，指人，在两个句子中分别承担不同角色。以第一个句子为主句时，第二个句子中“the doctor”作主语，可用关系代词“who”或“that”引导定语从句“who/that was awarded the National Medical Prize last year”，在句中作定语修饰“the doctor”，表明是去年获得国家医学奖的那位医生能治疗罕见疾病；以第二个句子为主句时，第一个句子中“the doctor”作主语，同样用“who”或“that”引导定语从句“who/that can treat rare diseases”，在句中作定语修饰“the doctor”，即能治疗罕见疾病的那位医生去年获得了国家医学奖。故填The doctor who/that was awarded the National Medical Prize last year can treat rare diseases. /The doctor who/that can treat rare diseases was awarded the National Medical Prize last year. 10. This restaurant has an inviting, homelike atmosphere. Many others are short of the atmosphere. (改写定语从句) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】This restaurant has an inviting, homelike atmosphere that many others are short of./This restaurant has an inviting, homelike atmosphere which/many others are short of./This restaurant has an inviting, homelike atmosphere many others are short of. 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这家餐厅有着诱人的、如家一般的氛围。其他许多餐厅都缺乏这种氛围。改写成定语从句，将第一个简单句作为主句，第二个简单句作为定语从句，先行词atmosphere，指物，在定语从句中作宾语，需用关系代词that/which引导，或者将关系代词省略。故答案是：This restaurant has an inviting, homelike atmosphere that/which/或无关系代词 many others are short of.。 易混易错(测试时间：10分钟) 一、选词填空 用关系代词that或which填空 1. An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, ________ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. 2. Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, ________ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period. 3. Of course, shops are not charities-they price goods in the way ________ will make them the most money. 4. He called it a pollutant ________ threatens nocturnal animals and affects plants and microorganisms. 5. But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ________ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. 【答案】1. which 2. which 3. which/that 4. that/which 5. that/which 【解析】 1. 考查定语从句关系词。句意：上海久事美术馆正在举办一场展览，展出以Go(或者中文称作围棋)为灵感创作的艺术品，这种棋类运动起源于4000多年前的中国。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Go，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which作引导词。故填which。 2. 考查定语从句关系词。句意：坦尼娅也在将目光从特殊场合着装投向更休闲的服饰，她计划把这类服饰打包成“胶囊衣橱”，提供给旅客(比如那些要去国外参加婚礼的人)，且租赁期限更长。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是less formal clothing，指物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作package的宾语，应用关系代词which作引导词。故填which。 3. 考查定语从句关系词。句意：当然，商店不是慈善机构——他们给商品定价的方式会让他们最赚钱。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是the way，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或that作引导词。故填which或that。 4. 考查定语从句关系词。句意：他称它是一种污染物，它会威胁夜行动物，影响植物和微生物。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是a pollutant，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which作引导词。故填that或which。 5. 考查定语从句关系词。句意：但尽管拥有众多古建筑，北京仍是一座拥抱现代生活快节奏发展的城市 —— 这里，21 世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并肩而立。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是a place，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which作引导词。故填that或which。 用关系代词who，whom，that，whose或as填空 6. Now I have become a senior high school student and this means I have an opportunity to become a different person ________ can be better prepared for my future life. 7. So the very thing ________ once saved us may now be killing us. 8. Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ________ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. 9. Kate, ________ sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia. 10. He is such a lovely student ________ everyone likes. 【答案】6. who/that 7. that 8. who 9. whose 10. as 【解析】 6. 考查定语从句。句意：现在我已经是一名高中生了，这意味着我有机会成为一个不一样的人——一个能为未来生活做好更充分准备的人。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是person，指人，代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that引导。故填who或that。 7. 考查定语从句。句意：所以曾经拯救我们的东西现在可能正在杀死我们。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是thing，从句缺少主语，且先行词被the very修饰，此时只能用关系代词that引导。故填that。 8. 考查定语从句关系词。句意：纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖的中国文化元素，为威廉·莎士比亚的故乡埃文河畔斯特拉特福德增添了国际化的色彩。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Tang Xianzu，指人，代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who作引导词。故填who。 9. 考查定语从句。句意：凯特已经去澳大利亚工作了，我们上大学时，她的妹妹和我住在一个房间里。空出应引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Kate，代替先行词在从句作定语，表所属关系，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 10. 考查定语从句。句意：他是一个人人都喜欢的可爱的学生。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是a lovely student，从句缺少主语，且先行词被such修饰，此时只能用关系代词as作引导词。故填as。 选词填空 11. I can never forget the day ________(on which/in which) we worked together. 12. Last summer we visited Hangzhou, ________(in which/as which) we stayed for one week. 13. This is the reason ________(with which /for which) he didn’t come to the meeting. 14. The engineer ________(with who/with whom) my father works is about 50 years old. 15. The pen ________(with which /by which) he is writing is mine. 16. Can you lend me the book ________(about which/with which) you talked the other day? 17. This is the website ________(where/which) I can find some interesting stories. 18. That is not the way ________(in which/with which) I do it. 19. This is the magazine ________(which/from which) I copied the paragraph. 20. That is the day ________(which/on which) I’ll never forget. 【答案】 11. on which 12. in which 13. for which 14. with whom 15. with which 16. about which 17. where 18. in which 19. from which 20. which 【解析】 11. 考查定语从句。句意：我永远不会忘记我们一起工作的那一天。分析句子可知，此处是“介词+关系词”引导的定语从句，先行词是day，此处指“在那一天”，表示具体的某一天用介词on，故填on which。 12. 考查定语从句。句意：去年夏天我们去了杭州，在那里待了一个星期。分析句子可知，此处是“介词+关系词”引导的定语从句，先行词是Hangzhou，此处指“在杭州”，应用介词in，故填in which。 13. 考查定语从句。句意：这就是他没有来开会的原因。分析句子可知，此处是“介词+关系词”引导的定语从句，先行词是reason，此处指“由于这个原因”，应用介词for，故填for which。 14. 考查定语从句。句意：和我父亲一起工作的工程师大约50岁。分析句子可知，此处是“介词+关系词”引导的定语从句，先行词是engineer，指人，此处指“和工程师一起工作”，应用介词with，关系词在从句中作介词with的宾语，应用关系代词whom，故填with whom。 15. 考查定语从句。句意：他写作正在用的那支笔是我的。分析句子可知，此处是“介词+关系词”引导的定语从句，先行词是pen，此处指“他写作正在使用的那只笔”，表示“使用”用介词with，故填with which。 16. 考查定语从句。句意：你能把你前几天谈到的那本书借给我吗？分析句子可知，此处是“介词+关系词”引导的定语从句，先行词是book，表示“谈论某物”使用动词短语talk about sth，故此处使用介词about，故填about which。 17. 考查定语从句。句意：这是我可以找到一些有趣故事的网站。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是website，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导，故填where。 18. 考查定语从句。句意：那不是我做事的方式。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是way，关系词在从句中作状语，定语从句可用that或in which引导，或者省略关系词，故填in which。 19. 考查定语从句。句意：这就是我从其中抄下那个段落的杂志。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是magazine，此处指“从杂志上抄写段落”，应用“介词from+关系代词”引导定语从句，关系词在从句中作介词from的宾语，应用关系代词which，故填from which。 20. 考查定语从句。句意：那是我永远不会忘记的一天。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是day，关系词在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词which，故填which。 选词填空(that/which/when/where/why) 21. I will never forget the days ________ we spent together. 22. Do you remember the day ________ we first met? 23. The reason ________ he explained at the meeting was not sound. 24. The reason ________ he was late was that he missed his bus. 25. The school ________ I studied for only two years was three kilometres away. 26. This is the house ________ was built by my grandfather forty years ago. 【答案】21. that/which 22. when 23. that/which 24. why 25. where 26. that/which 【解析】 21. 考查定语从句。句意：我永远不会忘记我们一起度过的日子。分析句子结构可知，此处应为关系词引导的定语从句，修饰先行词days，先行词作从句中spent的宾语，指物，所以用关系代词that/which作引导词。故填that/which。 22. 考查定语从句。句意：你还记得我们第一次见面的那一天吗？分析句子结构可知，此处应为关系词引导的定语从句，修饰先行词day，从句主干成分完整，先行词在从句中表示行为发生的时间，作时间状语，应用关系副词when作引导词。故填when。 23. 考查定语从句。句意：他在会上解释的理由不合理。分析句子结构可知，此处应为关系词引导的定语从句，修饰先行词reason，先行词作从句中explained的宾语，指物，所以用关系代词that/which作引导词。故填that/which。 24. 考查定语从句。句意：他迟到的原因是他没赶上公共汽车。分析句子结构可知，此处应为关系词引导的定语从句，修饰先行词reason，从句主干成分完整，先行词在从句中表示行为发生的原因，作原因状语，应用关系副词why作引导词。故填why。 25. 考查定语从句。句意：我只上过两年学的那所学校有三公里远。分析句子结构可知，此处应为关系词引导的定语从句，修饰先行词school，从句主干成分完整，先行词在从句中表示行为发生的地点，作地点状语，应用关系副词where作引导词。故填where。 26. 考查定语从句。句意：这是我祖父四十年前建造的房子。分析句子结构可知，此处应为关系词引导的定语从句，修饰先行词house，先行词作从句的主语，指物，所以用关系代词that/which作引导词。故填that/which。 链接高考(测试时间：15分钟) 1.(2024新课标I卷)The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route ________ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. 【答案】 which/that 【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。句意：Mark Woodruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词design，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。 2.(2024浙江1月卷)Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way ________ will make them the most money. 【答案】that/which。 【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。句意：当然，商店不是慈善机构——他们以最赚钱的方式给商品定价。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为way，所以应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。 3.(2023全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ________ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. 【答案】which/that 【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。这里为定语从句的关系代词，先行词为“a place”，在定语从句中担当主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。 4.(2023上海春考)Young Enterprise primarily meets the needs of young people ________ are still at school, giving them an understanding of industry and the opportunities it may offer them in the future. 【答案】who/that 【解析】考查定语从句。这里使用关系代词作为介绍young people的定语从句，修饰"young people"，指代"young people"，做主语，指人，可以使用"who/that"。 5.(2022新课标I卷)The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。句意：该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句，先行词等于关系词，设空处在从句中作指物的主语，先行词为species，且先行词前为all修饰，只能用关系代词that。故填that。 6.(2021新课标II卷)I decided that if I learned of a company ________ used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back. 【答案】which或that 【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。句意：我决定，如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料，我就给它发邮件，敦促它减少使用塑料。分析句子结构，_________ used a lot of plastic是一个定语从句，修饰先行词a company，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，用which或that引导该从句，所以填which或that。 7.(2021北京卷)When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything ________ happened during the day, trying to link new experiences to old memories. 【答案】 that 【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。句意：当你睡觉时，你的大脑会整理白天发生的一切，试图将新经历与旧记忆联系起来。分析句子结构可知，空处需用连接词引导定语从句，先行词是不定代词everything，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以此处需用关系代词that引导定语从句。故填that。 8.(2021浙江1月卷)BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ________ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。根据句意和句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，并在定语从句中作主语，而先行词tool为物，故此处要填关系代词that或which。 9.(2020新课标卷)The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum ________ opened in 1759. 【答案】which/that 【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。句意:例如，汉斯•斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是the British Museum，关系词在从句中做主语，应使用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。 10.(2023全国乙卷)The color she chose came in a box which had a picture of a woman ________ hair color looked just perfect. 【答案】whose。 【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。句意：她选的颜色装在一个盒子里，盒子里有一张女人的照片，她的头发颜色看起来非常完美。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是woman，关系词在从句中作hair的定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 11.(2022浙江1月卷)Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics ________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. 【答案】that/who 【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。句意：亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的教授Kim Cobb是一个少数但是不断增加的少数学者中的一员，因为气候变化，他们正在削减他们的飞机旅行。名词academics后为定语从句且在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词替代，故填that/who。 12.(2021年上海春考)Otherwise, you'll need to find a local studio ________ can be expensive. 【答案】which /that 【解析】.考查定语从句。这里which/that代替前面的先行词studio在从句中作主语。句意为：“否则，你需要找到一个当地的工作室，这可能是昂贵的。” 13. (2020年上海春考) The pair annoyed the gods of the underworld with their noisy playing and the two brothers were tricked into descending into Xibalba (the underworld) ________ they were challenged to a ball game. 【答案】 where 【解析】考查定语从句。空前为主句the two brothers were tricked into... Xibalba (the underworld)，空后为定语从句they were challenged to a ball game修饰地点名词Xibalba，所以此处用关系副词where 代替in Xibalba 在从句中作状语。 14. (2019年上海春考)So ambition and the timely realization ________ he would have to determine “what’s next” on his own urged Jason to engage his future self to find direction. 【答案】that 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他自己决定自己要做什么的雄心和及时觉悟督促他自己找到未来的方向。分析句子可知，he would have to determine “what’s next” on his own为限制性定语从句修饰先行词So ambition and the timely realization，从句缺乏have 的宾语，故用关系代词that或者which。 15.(2018年上海秋考)Sometimes, the parents ________ complain about the role of screens in family life are just as guilty of spending too much time in front of one. 【答案】that/who 【解析】考查定语从句。定语从句，that 充当从句中的主语。 20 / 20 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $