专题4 动词的时态和语态及主谓一致（讲义）-2026版云南省（职教高考）二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》

时态

能理解动词时态的含义及用法；根据时间标志词，使用恰当的时态，掌握规则/不规则动词过去式。

高频考查的时态有：
一般现在时：表经常性、习惯性动作；常搭配频度副词（always, usually, often,hardly, never,seldom,every day/year/week...）。

一般过去时：

考查 “过去时间+动词过去式”，侧重不规则动词（如 saw, bought, went）的记忆与应用。

现在完成时：
考查 “现完标志+时态结构”，易与一般过去时混淆（关键看是否强调 “现在关联”）。

(2024.26) Tom learns English very hard. He listens to CCTV English News every morning.

(2022.17) More and more people prefer mobile payment.

(2023.30) Thanks to the new technology, a new modern school was built in our town last year.

(2020.70) Yesterday I canceled my appointment with the doctor.

(2022.26) How many English movies have you seen since last year?

(2021.19) Her grandmother has been dead for three years.

被动语态

能掌握 “be+过去分词” 基本结构，区分主动与被动的逻辑关系（主语是动作承受者）。

考查 “一般将来时被动语态（will+be+done）”;

“情态动词被动语态（must+be+done）”,

(2023.23) Many highways will be built in order to develop villages in the next five years.

(2022.27) The baby is in danger, so a doctor must be sent for at once.

主谓一致（语法一致）

能分辨主语的单复数，并使用相应的谓语动词形式

考查“不可数名词（如 water, work）、单数集合名词（如 family 表整体）作主语时，谓语用单数”。

(2020.26) About 60 percent of the work was done yesterday.

(2023.26) A great number of colleges and universities have been established since education reform.

(2020.29) The old are treated badly in some countries.

主谓一致（就近原则）

能掌握 “neither...nor..., either...or...”等 连接主语时，谓语随最近主语变化的规则。

考查 “就近原则” 的典型连词结构，关键判断 “离谓语最近的主语单复数”。

(2023.17) Neither man nor animal can live without air.

一般现在时

表经常性、习惯性动作；客

主语+动词原形/三单（主语三单）

every day, usually,

He goes to school by bike every day.

观真理

always, often

The earth goes around the sun.

一般过去时

表过去某个时间发生的动作/状态

主语+动词过去式（规则/不规则）

yesterday, last week, in 2020, ago

She bought a book yesterday.

He saw a boy lying on the ground.

现在进行时

表现在正在进行的动作；当前一段时间内的动作

主语+am/is/are+doing

now, look, listen, at the moment

They are playing basketball now.

Look! He is reading a book.

一般将来时

表将来要发生的动作/状态

①will+动词原形；②be going to+动词原形

tomorrow, next week, soon

We will have a party next Sunday.

It is going to rain.

现在完成时

表过去动作对现在的影响；动作持续到现在

主语+have/has+过去分词（主语三单用 has）

for+时间段，since+时间点，already, yet

I have lived here for 5 years.

He has finished his homework already.

过去完成时

表过去某个动作之前完成的动作（“过去的过去”）

主语+had+过去分词

by+过去时间，before+过去时间

By 2020, he had worked here for 10 years.

He had left when I arrived.

时态

结构

例句

一般现在时

主语+am/is/are+过去分词+其他

History is made by the people. 历史是人们创造的。

These books are designed for children. 这些书是为孩子们设计的。