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编写说明:2026版云南省(职教高考)二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》依据最新版《中等职业学校英语课程标准》、省编复习指导及历年真题编写。本资料紧扣历年考试趋势和最新考试动态,聚焦高频考点,精讲精练,共覆盖包括各类语法和题型的18个专题,助力考生高效复习。同时,为构建完整学习体系,每个专题均配套对应讲义和AB卷习题,满足多样化学习需求。
本专题是2026版云南省职教高考二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》的第4个专题,内容为动词的时态和语态及主谓一致。
2026版云南省(职教高考)二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》
专题4 动词的时态和语态及主谓一致(讲义)
真题分析
考点
类别
目标要求
考查内容分析
考题统计及展示
时态
能理解动词时态的含义及用法;根据时间标志词,使用恰当的时态,掌握规则/不规则动词过去式。
高频考查的时态有:
一般现在时:表经常性、习惯性动作;常搭配频度副词(always, usually, often,hardly, never,seldom,every day/year/week...)。
一般过去时:
考查 “过去时间+动词过去式”,侧重不规则动词(如 saw, bought, went)的记忆与应用。
现在完成时:
考查 “现完标志+时态结构”,易与一般过去时混淆(关键看是否强调 “现在关联”)。
(2024.26) Tom learns English very hard. He listens to CCTV English News every morning.
(2022.17) More and more people prefer mobile payment.
(2023.30) Thanks to the new technology, a new modern school was built in our town last year.
(2020.70) Yesterday I canceled my appointment with the doctor.
(2022.26) How many English movies have you seen since last year?
(2021.19) Her grandmother has been dead for three years.
被动语态
能掌握 “be+过去分词” 基本结构,区分主动与被动的逻辑关系(主语是动作承受者)。
考查 “一般将来时被动语态(will+be+done)”;
“情态动词被动语态(must+be+done)”,
(2023.23) Many highways will be built in order to develop villages in the next five years.
(2022.27) The baby is in danger, so a doctor must be sent for at once.
主谓一致(语法一致)
能分辨主语的单复数,并使用相应的谓语动词形式
考查“不可数名词(如 water, work)、单数集合名词(如 family 表整体)作主语时,谓语用单数”。
(2020.26) About 60 percent of the work was done yesterday.
(2023.26) A great number of colleges and universities have been established since education reform.
(2020.29) The old are treated badly in some countries.
主谓一致(就近原则)
能掌握 “neither...nor..., either...or...”等 连接主语时,谓语随最近主语变化的规则。
考查 “就近原则” 的典型连词结构,关键判断 “离谓语最近的主语单复数”。
(2023.17) Neither man nor animal can live without air.
考点预测
· 一般现在时:第三人称单数动词变化(如 watch→watches, go→goes),搭配频度副词(every day, usually)
· 现在完成时:“for/since”标志词的应用,与一般过去时的辨析(如“yesterday”用过去时,“since yesterday”用现在完成时)
· 被动语态:6大高频时态被动语态、情态动词被动语态(must be+done)
· 主谓一致:集体名词(family, class)的单复数判断(表整体用单数,表成员用复数),“分数/百分数+of+名词”的主谓一致(随of后名词变化)
· 时态语境辨析:在完形填空/阅读理解中,根据上下文判断时态(如“now”用现在进行时,“tomorrow”用一般将来时)
必考点清单
1. 动词的时态(6 大高频时态)
时态类型
定义
基本结构
时间标志词
示例
一般现在时
表经常性、习惯性动作;客观真理
主语+动词原形/三单(主语三单)
every day, usually, always, often
He goes to school by bike every day.
The earth goes around the sun.
一般过去时
表过去某个时间发生的动作/状态
主语+动词过去式(规则/不规则)
yesterday, last week, in 2020, ago
She bought a book yesterday.
He saw a boy lying on the ground.
现在进行时
表现在正在进行的动作;当前一段时间内的动作
主语+am/is/are+doing
now, look, listen, at the moment
They are playing basketball now.
Look! He is reading a book.
一般将来时
表将来要发生的动作/状态
①will+动词原形;②be going to+动词原形
tomorrow, next week, soon
We will have a party next Sunday.
It is going to rain.
现在完成时
表过去动作对现在的影响;动作持续到现在
主语+have/has+过去分词(主语三单用 has)
for+时间段,since+时间点,already, yet
I have lived here for 5 years.
He has finished his homework already.
过去完成时
表过去某个动作之前完成的动作(“过去的过去”)
主语+had+过去分词
by+过去时间,before+过去时间
By 2020, he had worked here for 10 years.
He had left when I arrived.
时态口诀:客观常态一般现,过去时间一般过,for/since 现完成,过去之前过去完,now 进行要记清。
2. 动词的语态(被动语态核心)
(1)被动语态基本概念
定义:主语是动作的承受者(主动语态主语是动作的发出者)。
核心结构:be+过去分词(be 动词随时态变化,过去分词不变)。
(2)高频时态的被动结构
时态
结构
例句
一般现在时
主语+am/is/are+过去分词+其他
History is made by the people. 历史是人们创造的。
These books are designed for children. 这些书是为孩子们设计的。
一般过去时
主语+was/were+过去分词+其他
The letter was written in English. 这封信是用英语写的。
The cars were made in Shanghai. 这些车是上海生产的。
一般将来时
主语+will be+过去分词+其他
Your job will be kept open for your return. 你的工作将保留到你回来。
When will the work be finished? 这项工作什么时候完成?
现在进行时
主语+am/is/am+being+过去分词+其他
A new railway is being built. 一条新铁路正在修建。
Because my car is being repaired, I have to go to work by taxi. 因为我的车正在修理,所以我不得不坐出租车去上班。
过去进行时
主语+was/were+being+过去分词+其他
The hall was being built last year. I’ m not sure if it is completed. 这个个大厅去年正在修建,我不清楚建好了没有。
The road was being widened when I passed by the village. 当我经过那个村庄时,道路正在加宽。
现在完成时
主语+have/has been +过去分词+其他
He has been sent to work in Shanghai. 他已经被派往上海工作了。
Has the sports meeting been put off until next Friday? 运动会已经推迟到下周五了吗?
过去完成时
主语+ had been +过去分词+其他
The room had been broken into before we came. 我们来之前已经有人强行进过这间屋子。
A new hotel had been built when I got there. 我到那儿时,一座新旅馆已经建好了。
情态动词
主语+情态动词+be+过去分词+其他
Her temperature should be taken twice a day. 她的体温应该一天量两次。
If heated, water can be turned into vapour. 如果受热,水会变成蒸气。
被动语态口诀:被动 be 加过去分,时态变化看 be 身,情态动词加 be 分,主动变被动找宾语(主动句宾语作被动句主语)。
(3)被动语态的用法
用法
例句
不知道或者不必说出动作的执行者
How is this word pronounced? 这个单词怎么发音?
The book was published in 2005. 这本书是2005年出版的。
强调动作的承受者
School will be opened in our village. 我们村将开办一所新的希望学校。
当动作的执行者是泛指时
He is suspected of robbing the bank. 有人怀疑他抢劫银行。
表示委婉或礼貌,避免提及动作的执行者
I have been told many times not to make noises. 有人多次告诉我不要吵闹。
句法修饰的需要
The lecture will be made by Joe, who is a young musician from Italy. 乔要做这个报告,他是意大利的一位年轻的音乐家。
有些动词习惯上常用被动语态
He was born in this city. 他出生在这个城市。
It is reported that he is a professor from New Zealand. 据报道,他是来自新西兰的一位教授。
3.主谓一致(三大核心原则)
原则类型
定义
示例
语法一致原则
主语单复数决定谓语单复数(“单主单谓,复主复谓”)
单数主语:The desk is new.-
复数主语:These desks are new.-
不可数名词:Water is important.
意义一致原则
主语形式为单数,但意义为复数,谓语用复数;反之亦然
集体名词表成员:My family are watching TV.(家人)
集体名词表整体:My family is big.(家庭)
复数形式单数意义:Maths is difficult.
就近原则
由 “neither...nor..., either...or..., not only...but also...” 连接主语时,谓语随 “最近的主语” 变化
Neither he nor I am late.
Either you or he is right.
Not only the students but also the teacher likes the book.
4. 特殊主谓一致情况
特殊情况
规则
示例
分数/百分数+of+名词
谓语随 “of 后名词” 的单复数变化
30% of the water is dirty.
50% of the students are boys.
不定代词(everyone, something)
作主语时,谓语用单数
Everyone is here.
Something is wrong.
“the+形容词” 表一类人
作主语时,谓语用复数
The old are taken good care of.
主谓一致口诀:语法一致单配单,意义一致看含义,就近原则看最近,分数百分数随 of 后。
10分钟小测
1. My father ______ to work by bike every day.
A. go B. goes C. went D. will go
【答案】B
【考点】一般现在时三单。
【解析】every day 是一般现在时标志,主语 my father 是三单,动词 go 变 goes。故选 B。
2. — ______ you ______ the movie last night?
— Yes, it was very interesting.
A. Do; see B. Did; see C. Have; seen D. Will; see
【答案】B
【考点】一般过去时。
【解析】last night 是过去时间标志,疑问句需用助动词 did,后接动词原形 see。故选 B。
3. Tom ______ in this school for three years, and he still likes it here.
A. studies B. studied C. has studied D. will study
【答案】C
【考点】现在完成时。
【解析】for three years 是现在完成时标志,表动作持续到现在,结构为 have/has+过去分词,主语 Tom 是三单,用 has studied。故选 C。
4. Many trees ______ in our city every spring.
A. plant B. planted C. are planted D. were planted
【答案】C
【考点】一般现在时被动语态。
【解析】every spring 是一般现在时标志,trees 是动作承受者,用 am/is/are+planted,主语复数,用 are planted。故选 C。
5. Neither my brother nor I ______ good at playing football.
A. am B. is C. are D. be
【答案】A
【考点】主谓一致就近原则。
【解析】neither...nor... 连接主语,谓语与最近的 I 一致,用 am。故选 A。
6. The letter ______ by my sister yesterday evening.
A. writes B. wrote C. is written D. was written
【答案】D
【考点】一般过去时被动语态。
【解析】yesterday evening 是过去时间标志,letter 是动作承受者,用 was/were+written,主语单数,用 was written。故选 D。
7. Our teacher told us that the earth ______ around the sun.
A. go B. goes C. went D. will go
【答案】B
【考点】一般现在时客观真理。
【解析】“地球绕太阳转” 是客观真理,用一般现在时,主语 the earth 是三单,go 变 goes。故选 B。
8. — How long ______ you ______ this book?
— For two weeks.
A. have; borrowed B. have; kept C. did; borrow D. did; keep
【答案】B
【考点】现在完成时延续性动词。
【解析】for two weeks 表持续时间,borrow 是短暂性动词,需换为延续性动词 keep,现在完成时结构为 have kept。故选 B。
9. The number of students in our class ______ 50, and most of them ______ boys.
A. is; are B. are; is C. is; is D. are; are
【答案】A
【考点】主谓一致。
【解析】the number of 表 “…… 的数量”,主语是 number(单数),谓语用 is;most of them 指代 students(复数),谓语用 are。故选 A。
10. He ______ his homework when his mother came back.
A. do B. does C. was doing D. will do
【答案】C
【考点】过去进行时。
【解析】when 引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时(came),主句表 “当时正在做的动作”,用过去进行时 was doing。故选 C。
经典试题解析
1. (2023年云南真题第23题)Many highways ______ in order to develop villages in the next five years.
A. build B. built C. were built D. will be built
【答案】D
【知识点分析】考查 “一般将来时被动语态”。关键标志 “in the next five years”(未来五年)表将来时间,highways 是 “修建” 的承受者(被动关系),需用一般将来时被动语态,结构为 “will be+过去分词”,build 的过去分词是 built。
【易错分析】①误选 C(were built),将 “next five years” 误判为过去时间,混淆一般过去时与一般将来时;②误选 A(build),忽略被动关系,直接用主动语态原形。
【解题关键】①识别时间标志 “in the next five years”→确定将来时;②判断 highways 与 build 的关系(被动)→确定被动语态,组合为 “will be built”。
2. (2022年云南真题第26题)How many English movies ______ since last year?
A. had you seen B. have you seen C. did you see D. do you see
【答案】B
【知识点分析】考查 “现在完成时”。时间标志 “since last year”(自从去年)是现在完成时的核心标志,表 “过去动作持续到现在”,结构为 “have/has+过去分词”,疑问句将 have/has 提前,主语 you 用 have,see 的过去分词是 seen。
【易错分析】①误选 A(had you seen),混淆 “since+过去时间”(现完)与 “by+过去时间”(过完);②误选 C(did you see),将 “since last year” 误判为一般过去时标志(如 last year 单独使用时)。
【解题关键】牢记 “since+过去时间点”“for+时间段” 是现在完成时的专属标志,直接匹配 “have/has+过去分词” 结构。
3. (2025年云南真题第21题)Nowadays, computers ______ widely in the world.
A. use B. was used C. are used D. were used
【答案】C
【知识点分析】考查 “一般现在时被动语态”。时间标志 “nowadays”(如今)表一般现在时,computers 是 “使用” 的承受者(被动关系),需用一般现在时被动语态,结构为 “am/is/are+过去分词”,主语 computers 是复数,用 are used,use 的过去分词是 used。
【易错分析】①误选 B/D(was/were used),将 “nowadays” 误判为过去时间,混淆一般现在时与一般过去时;②误选 A(use),忽略被动关系,用主动语态原形。
【解题关键】①根据 “nowadays” 确定一般现在时;②判断 “电脑” 与 “使用” 的关系(被动,电脑不能自己 “使用”)→确定被动语态,组合为 “are used”。
4. (2020年云南真题第26题)About 60 percent of the work ______ done yesterday.
A. was B. were C. is D. are
【答案】A
【知识点分析】考查 “主谓一致+一般过去时”。①主谓一致:work 是不可数名词,60 percent of+不可数名词作主语,谓语用单数;②时态:yesterday 是过去时间标志,用一般过去时,be 动词的过去式单数是 was。
【易错分析】①误选 B(were),将 “60 percent” 误判为复数,忽略 “work 不可数” 的本质;②误选 C(is),忽略 “yesterday” 的过去时间标志,用一般现在时。
【解题关键】①先判断主语核心(work 不可数)→谓语单数;②根据 “yesterday” 确定过去时→be 动词用 was。
专题归纳小结
1. 核心知识梳理
模块
核心要点
口诀总结
时态
①一般现在时:客观真理/常态,三单动词变;②一般过去时:过去时间点,动词用过去式;③现在完成时:for/since 标志,have/has+过去分词;④过去进行时:过去某时正在做,was/were+V.-ing
客观现,过去过,for/since 现完成,过去进行 was/were +V.-ing
被动语态
①结构:be+过去分词;②时态看 be:现在 am/is/are,过去 was/were,将来 will be;③语境:动作承受者作主语
被动 be done,时态看 be 前,承受者作主语
主谓一致
①语法一致:单配单,复配复,不可数名词用单数;②就近:neither...nor 靠最近;③就远:with/along with 看前面
语法一致单复配,就近 neither...nor,就远 with 前
2. 解题技巧
(1)时态判断三步法:
· 第一步:找时间标志(如 every day→一般现在时,yesterday→一般过去时,for/since→现在完成时);
· 第二步:分析动作与时间的关系(如 “过去的过去”→过去完成时,“此时此刻”→现在进行时);
· 第三步:匹配时态结构(如现完→have/has+过去分词)。
(2)被动语态判断法:
· 第一步:看主语是否为 “动作承受者”(如 highways 不能自己 “修建”→被动);
· 第二步:找时间标志确定时态(如 next five years→将来时);
· 第三步:组合 “时态+被动结构”(如将来时被动→will be+done)。
(3)主谓一致判断法:
· 第一步:确定主语核心(如 “the number of+复数名词” 核心是 number,单数);
· 第二步:看是否有特殊连接词(如 neither...nor...→就近,with→就远);
· 第三步:匹配谓语单复数(如不可数名词→谓语单数)。
3. 复习要求
构建时间轴:将 “一般现在时→一般过去时→现在完成时→过去完成时” 按时间顺序梳理,标注标志词与结构,强化时态逻辑。
被动语态专项练:针对 “一般现在/过去/将来时被动”,每天练 3 道题,熟练 “be+过去分词” 的时态变化。
主谓一致归类记:整理 “不可数名词作主语”“就近/就远原则” 的典型例句,对比记忆,避免混淆。
错题归因:将错题按 “时态错误”“被动语态错误”“主谓一致错误” 分类,针对性补漏(如时态错误多练标志词识别)。
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