语法讲解和练习（be动词，单数变复数，人称代词，名词所有格）2025-2026学年人教版（2024）七年级上册

语法专项练习卷 Be (am / is / are )用法速记 一. 用法: am 只跟 I 连用 例:I am a student.(我是一名学生) is 跟单数名词、不可数名词或第三人称单数(he / she / it)连用 例:She is happy. / The book is new. are 跟复数名词或第二人称(you)、第一人称复数(we)、第三人称复数(they)连用 例:They are friends. / You are right. 练习题(用 am / is / are 填空) 1. I _ from Japan. 2. My mother _ a teacher. 3. The dogs _ sleeping. 4. This _ an apple. 5. You _ very kind. 6. We _ going to the zoo. 7. The water _ cold. 8. She _ my best friend. 9. The books _ on the desk. 10. It _ a sunny day. 11. I _ happy today. 12. My brother _ tall. 13. These flowers _ beautiful. 14. The movie _ interesting. 15. They _ playing football. 16. The cat _ under the chair. 17. We _ in the park. 18. You _ my hero. 19. The sky _ blue. 20. Those shoes _ expensive. 参考答案 1.am 2. is 3. are 4. is 5. are 6. are 7. is 8. is 9. are 10. is 11. am 12. is 13. are 14. is15. are 16. is 17. are 18. are 19. is 20. are 名词单数变复数 一.名词单数变复数规则: 1.一般情况:直接 + s book books, cat cats 2.以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾:+ es bus buses, box boxes, watch watches, brush brushes 3.以辅音字母 + y 结尾:改 y 为 i + es city cities, baby babies 4.以元音字母 + y 结尾:+ s boy boys, toy toys 5.以 o 结尾:多数 + s photo photos, piano pianos 6.以 o 结尾:少数 + es tomato tomatoes, potato potatoes 7.以 f/fe 结尾:多数变 v + es leaf leaves, knife knives 8.以 f/fe 结尾:少数直接 + s roof roofs, belief beliefs 9.内部元音变化 man men, foot feet, tooth teeth 10.单复数同形 sheep sheep, deer deer, fish fish 11.特殊形式 child children, ox oxen, mouse mice 二.测试题 (一)基础规则(直接写出复数形式) 1. book _2. cat _3. bus _4. box _ 5. city _6. baby _7. boy _8. toy _ 9. photo _10. tomato _ 以 f/fe 结尾 11. leaf _12. knife _13. roof _14. belief _ 特殊变化 15. man _16. woman _17. foot _18. tooth _ 19. child _20. mouse _ 单复数同形 21. sheep _22. deer _23. fish _ (二)请在空格中填入括号内名词的正确复数形式: 1. I have two _ in my bag. (book) 2. There are three _ playing in the yard. (dog) 3. The _ are waiting at the bus stop. (child) 4. She bought five _ from the market. (tomato) 5. My _ hurt after running. (foot) 6. We saw many _ in the forest. (deer) 7. The _ are flying south for the winter. (goose) 8. Please put the _ on the table. (knife) 9. I need new _ for my shoes. (brush) 10. The _ are singing in the tree. (bird) 11. There are several _ in the kitchen. (box) 12. The _ are building a new house. (man) 13. We found some _ on the beach. (shell) 14. The _ are very sharp. (knife) 15. She has three _ as pets. (fish) 16. The _ are reading quietly. (student) 17. He gave me two _ for my birthday. (gift) 18. The _ are green in summer. (leaf) 19. I saw many _ in the museum. (photo) 20. The _ are working hard. (woman) 参考答案 1. books2. dogs3. children4. tomatoes5. feet6. deer7. geese8. knives9. brushes10. birds 11. boxes12. men13. shells14. knives15. fish16. students17. gifts18. leaves19. photos 20. women 人称代词用法: 人称 主格 宾格 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 第一人称 单数 I me my mine 第一人称 复数 we us our ours 第二人称 单数/复数 you you your yours 第三人称 单数(男) he him his his 第三人称 单数(女) she her her hers 第三人称 单数 it it its its 第三人称 复数 they them their theirs 一.用法说明: 1. 主格 作句子主语,放在动词前。 例:I am a student. / She likes music. 2. 宾格 作动词或介词的宾语,放在动词或介词后。 例:My mom called me. / Give the book to her. 3. 形容词性物主代词 放在名词前,用来表示“谁的”。 例:This is my pen. / Their house is big. 4. 名词性物主代词 单独使用,不接名词,相当于“形容词性物主代词 + 名词”。 例:This pen is mine.(= This is my pen.) The car is hers.(= The car is her car.) 二.小提示 1. 形容词性物主代词 一定要跟名词,名词性物主代词 一定不跟名词。 2. 第三人称单数“她”的形容词性是 her,名词性是 hers,别混淆。 3.“it”的形容词性和名词性同形:its(注意没有撇号,it’s 是 it is 的缩写)。 三.人称代词填空题 1._ am going to the park. (I ) 2. She gave _ a book. (I ) 3. This is _ pencil. (he ) 4. The red car is _. (she ) 5. We invited _ to the party. (they) 6._ are friends. (We ) 7. Please give the keys to _. (she ) 8. This is _ house. (we) 9.The cat washed _ paw. (it ) 10.Is this book _? (you ) 11. _ is a good singer. (He ) 12.My parents visited _ last week. (I ) 13.The blue bike is _. (we ) 14.Could you help _, please? (I ) 15. This is _ dog. (they ) 16. _ are late for the meeting. (You ) 17.She told _ the truth. (he ) 18. The idea was _. (she ) 19.We found _ in the garden. (they ) 20. _ car is parked outside. (I ) 答案 1. I 2.me 3.his 4.hers 5.them 6.We 7.her 8.our 9.its 10.yours 11.He 12.me 13.ours 14.me 15.their 16.You 17.him 18.hers 19.them 20.my 名词所有格 定义:名词所有格用来表示"谁的"或"某物与某物之间的所属关系"。 一.基本构成 1. 单数名词 在词尾加 's 例:the boy's book(男孩的书) 2. 复数名词 以s结尾的复数:只加 ' 例:the students' books(学生们的书) 不以s结尾的复数:加 's 例:children's toys(孩子们的玩具) 二.特殊情况 1. 以s结尾的专有名词:可加 's 或只加 ' 例:James's car 或 James' car 2.复合名词:在最后一个词加 's 例:my brother-in-law's house 3.共同所有:只在最后一个名词加 's 例:Tom and Jerry's room(汤姆和杰瑞共有的房间) 4.分别所有:每个名词都加 's 例:Tom's and Jerry's rooms(汤姆和杰瑞各自的房间)用法 三.用法 1.表示人或动物的所属 the dog's tail(狗的尾巴) 1. 表示时间、距离、国家等 today's news(今天的新闻) China's capital(中国的首都) 3.表示店铺、机构等 at the doctor's(在医生诊所) 四.易错点 不要混淆 it's(it is/has)和 its(它的) 表示无生命物体的所属关系,多用"of + 名词"结构 the door of the room(房间的门) the name of the city(城市的名字) 五.名词所有格练习题 1.This is _ (Lily) pen. 2.The _ (children) toys are on the floor. 3. We visited _ (Tom and Jerry) house last week. 4.These are _ (the students) books. 5.The _ (dog) tail is very long. 6.This is _ (James) car. 7. _ (John and Mary) parents are coming to dinner. 8.The _ (teachers) room is on the second floor. 9. I found _ (my brother-in-law) keys. 10. The _ (girls) dresses are beautiful. 答案:1.Lily’s 2.children’s 3.Tom and Jerry’s 4.the students’ 5.dog’s 6.James’s 或 James’7.John and Mary’s 8.teachers’ 9.my brother-in-law’s 10.girls’ 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $