Units5 -6 被动语态讲义+小练2025-2026学年人教版(2012)英语九年级全册

2025-09-27
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被动语态讲义 一、被动语态的定义与核心用法 (一)定义 语态用于表示主语与谓语的关系,分为主动语态和被动语态: · 主动语态:主语是动作的执行者,对应中文 “把” 字句,例如 “He opened the door.(他把门打开了。)” · 被动语态:主语是动作的承受者,对应中文 “被” 字句,例如 “The door was opened.(门被打开了。)” (二)使用场景 当出现以下情况时,常用被动语态: 1. 强调动作的承受者,如 “The coat is made of cotton.(这件外套是棉质的。)” 2. 没有必要指出动作的执行者,如 “Many trees are planted every year.(每年都会种很多树。)” 3. 不知道动作的执行者,如 “He was invited to the party.(他被邀请去参加派对了。)” 二、被动语态的结构 (一)基础结构 被动语态的核心结构为:主语 + 助动词 be + 及物动词的过去分词(done) 其中,助动词 “be” 会根据人称、时态和数发生变化,例如 am/is/are(一般现在时)、was/were(一般过去时)等。 (二)不同时态的被动语态变化 主动语态时态 被动语态结构 示例 一般现在时 am/is/are + done English is spoken all over the world.(全世界都在说英语。) 一般过去时 was/were + done The letter was written yesterday.(这封信是昨天写的。) 一般将来时 will be + done A new park will be built next year.(明年将建一个新公园。) 现在进行时 am/is/are being + done The room is being cleaned now.(房间现在正在被打扫。) 过去进行时 was/were being + done The song was being sung when I arrived.(我到的时候,这首歌正在被演唱。) 现在完成时 have/has been + done The work has been finished.(工作已经完成了。) 过去完成时 had been + done The report had been handed in before the meeting.(会议前报告就已经交了。) 过去将来时 would be + done He said the project would be completed in a month.(他说项目一个月内会完成。) 情态动词 情态动词 + be + done The problem must be solved quickly.(这个问题必须尽快解决。) 三、主动语态变被动语态的步骤 (一)三步转换法 1. 找:找出主动句中的主语和宾语,明确动作的执行者(原主语)和承受者(原宾语)。 2. 换:将原宾语变为主语,原主语变为动作执行者(若需强调,用 “by + 原主语(宾格)” 连接)。 3. 改:将主动句的谓语动词改为 “be + 过去分词” 结构,同时保持时态一致。 (二)注意事项 · 动词短语变被动时,不可遗漏短语中的介词或副词,例如 “take care of” 变被动为 “be taken care of”。 (三)示例 1. 主动句:People grow tea in Hangzhou.(人们在杭州种茶。) 被动句:Tea is grown by people in Hangzhou.(茶在杭州被人们种植。) 2. 主动句:Lily took care of the baby.(莉莉照顾这个宝宝。) 被动句:The baby was taken care of by Lily.(这个宝宝被莉莉照顾。) 3. 主动句:Someone took away the books yesterday.(昨天有人把书拿走了。) 被动句:The books were taken away by someone yesterday.(书昨天被人拿走了。) 四、主动表被动的特殊情况 有些句子看似主动语态,却表达被动含义,主要有以下三类: (一)系动词的主动表被动 系动词(如 taste、sound、smell、feel 等)没有被动语态,主动形式即表被动含义,例如: · The bread tastes good.(面包尝起来很好吃。) · Your reason sounds reasonable.(你的理由听上去很合理。) (二)不及物动词的主动表被动 部分不及物动词(如 break、clean、sell、wash、write 等)描述主语特征时,用主动形式表被动,主语通常为物,例如: · This kind of cloth washes well.(这种布很好洗。) · This book sells well.(这本书很畅销。) · The pen writes smoothly.(这支笔写起来很流畅。) (三)“want/need/require/be worth + doing” 结构 这类结构中,doing 的主动形式表被动含义,相当于 “to be done”,例如: · The scarf really wants cleaning.(= The scarf really wants to be cleaned.)(这条围巾需要清洗了。) · Most house plants require watering.(= Most house plants require to be watered.)(大多数室内植物需要浇水。) · This film is worth watching.(这部电影值得一看。) 五、特殊动词的被动语态 (一)使役动词与感官动词的被动 使役动词(have、make、let)和感官动词(see、watch、notice、hear、feel)后接不定式作宾语补足语时,主动句中不定式 “to” 省略,被动句中需补回 “to”,例如: · 主动:Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.(有人看到一个陌生人走进了大楼。) 被动:A stranger was seen to walk into the building.(一个陌生人被看到走进了大楼。) · 主动:The teacher made him finish the homework.(老师让他完成作业。) 被动:He was made to finish the homework by the teacher.(他被老师要求完成作业。) (二)双宾语的被动 主动句含双宾语(指人宾语 + 指物宾语)时,被动句可将 “人” 或 “物” 提前作主语: 1. 以 “人” 为主语:直接将 “人” 提前,“物” 保留在原位,例如: 主动:He gave her some money.(他给了她一些钱。) 被动:She was given some money.(她得到了一些钱。) 2. 以 “物” 为主语:将 “物” 提前,“人” 前需加 “to” 或 “for”,例如: 被动:Some money was given to her.(一些钱被给了她。) 常见双宾语动词的被动搭配: 动词 被动结构(物作主语) 示例 give sth be given to sb The gift was given to me.(礼物被送给我了。) buy sth be bought for sb The book was bought for my sister.(这本书是给我妹妹买的。) show sth be shown to sb The photo was shown to everyone.(照片被展示给所有人看了。) make sth be made for sb The cake was made for my birthday.(这个蛋糕是为我生日做的。) (三)it 作形式主语的被动句型 表示 “据说、相信” 等含义的动词(如 believe、report、say、think),常用 “It + be + 过去分词 + that 从句” 或 “主语 + be + 过去分词 + to do sth”,例如: · It is said that the boy has passed the exam.(= The boy is said to have passed the exam.)(据说这个男孩通过了考试。) · It is reported that the meeting will be held tomorrow.(据报道会议将于明天举行。) · It is believed that he is an honest man.(大家相信他是个诚实的人。) 六、练习题 (一)写出下列单词的过去式和过去分词 单词 过去式 过去分词 fall fell fallen fly flew flown give gave given go went gone get got gotten/got see saw seen take took taken choose chose chosen show showed shown buy bought bought (二)用动词的适当形式填空 1. A piano concert __________(give) here last Friday.(答案:was given) 2. The room ___________(clean) by me every day.(答案:is cleaned) 3. The bike ________________(must not put) here.(答案:must not be put) 4. Some flowers ___________________(water) by Li Ming already.(答案:have been watered) 5. The cinema __________(build) in 1985.(答案:was built) 6. The room ________________(paint) now.(答案:is being painted) (三)单项选择 1. (2023・天津) Some photos of the moon ____ in the Space Club next week.( ) A. shows B. is showing C. were shown D. will be shown(答案:D) 2. (2023・江西) Hou Yi ____ magic medicine for shooting down the nine suns, then Pang Meng tried to steal it.( ) A. gives B. has given C. gave D. was given(答案:D) 3. Take care! Don’t drop the ink on your coat, for it ____ easily.( ) A. won’t wash out B. won’t be washed out C. isn’t washed out D. isn’t washing out(答案:A) 4. The house needs _____.( ) A. repaired B. repairing C. be repaired D. to repair(答案:B) (四)汉译英 1. 幸运的是,这场大火被及时扑灭了。 (答案:Luckily, the fire was put out in time.) 2. 这个男孩经常被他的老师们表扬。 (答案:This boy is often praised by his teachers.) (五)完成句子 1. 这本具有教育意义的小说被翻译成了不同语言。 This educational novel __________________ different languages.(答案:was translated into) 2. 一些植物被广泛应用于中国传统医药。 Some plants _______________ in Chinese traditional medicine.(答案:are widely used) 3. 他的新小说很受欢迎,上周末就售罄了。 His new novel is very popular and it ______________ last week.(答案:was sold out) 七、名言积累 1. Don’t put off till tomorrow what should be done today.(今日事,今日毕。) 2. A good beginning is half done.(良好的开端是成功的一半。) 3. Rome is not built in a day.(冰冻三尺非一日之寒。) 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 被动语态讲义 一、被动语态的定义与核心用法 (一)定义 语态用于表示主语与谓语的关系,分为主动语态和被动语态: · 主动语态:主语是动作的执行者,对应中文 “把” 字句,例如 “He opened the door.(他把门打开了。)” · 被动语态:主语是动作的承受者,对应中文 “被” 字句,例如 “The door was opened.(门被打开了。)” (二)使用场景 当出现以下情况时,常用被动语态: 1. 强调动作的承受者,如 “The coat is made of cotton.(这件外套是棉质的。)” 2. 没有必要指出动作的执行者,如 “Many trees are planted every year.(每年都会种很多树。)” 3. 不知道动作的执行者,如 “He was invited to the party.(他被邀请去参加派对了。)” 二、被动语态的结构 (一)基础结构 被动语态的核心结构为:主语 + 助动词 be + 及物动词的过去分词(done) 其中,助动词 “be” 会根据人称、时态和数发生变化,例如 am/is/are(一般现在时)、was/were(一般过去时)等。 (二)不同时态的被动语态变化 主动语态时态 被动语态结构 示例 一般现在时 am/is/are + done English ________ ___________ all over the world.(全世界都在说英语。) 一般过去时 was/were + done The letter ________ ___________ yesterday.(这封信是昨天写的。) 一般将来时 will be + done A new park ________ ________ ___________ next year.(明年将建一个新公园。) 现在进行时 am/is/are being + done The room ________ ________ __________ now.(房间现在正在被打扫。) 过去进行时 was/were being + done The song _____ ______ _____ when I arrived.(我到的时候,这首歌正在被演唱。) 现在完成时 have/has been + done The work ________ ________ __________.(工作已经完成了。) 过去完成时 had been + done The report _____ ______ _______ in before the meeting.(会议前报告就已经交了。) 过去将来时 would be + done He said the project ______ _____ ______ in a month.(他说项目一个月内会完成。) 情态动词 情态动词 + be + done The problem ________ ________ __________ quickly.(这个问题必须尽快解决。) 三、主动语态变被动语态的步骤 (一)三步转换法 1. 找:找出主动句中的主语和宾语,明确动作的执行者(原主语)和承受者(原宾语)。 2. 换:将原宾语变为主语,原主语变为动作执行者(若需强调,用 “by + 原主语(宾格)” 连接)。 3. 改:将主动句的谓语动词改为 “be + 过去分词” 结构,同时保持时态一致。 (二)注意事项 · 动词短语变被动时,不可遗漏短语中的介词或副词,例如 “take care of” 变被动为 “be taken care of”。 (三)示例 1. 主动句:People grow tea in Hangzhou.(人们在杭州种茶。) 被动句:Tea ________ ________ by people in Hangzhou.(茶在杭州被人们种植。) 2. 主动句:Lily took care of the baby.(莉莉照顾这个宝宝。) 被动句:The baby ________ ________ _________ _________ by Lily.(这个宝宝被莉莉照顾。) 3. 主动句:Someone took away the books yesterday.(昨天有人把书拿走了。) 被动句:The books ________ ________ __________ by someone yesterday.(书昨天被人拿走了。) 四、主动表被动的特殊情况 有些句子看似主动语态,却表达被动含义,主要有以下三类: (一)系动词的主动表被动 系动词(如 taste、sound、smell、feel 等)没有被动语态,主动形式即表被动含义,例如: · The bread tastes good.(面包尝起来很好吃。) · Your reason sounds reasonable.(你的理由听上去很合理。) (二)不及物动词的主动表被动 部分不及物动词(如 break、clean、sell、wash、write 等)描述主语特征时,用主动形式表被动,主语通常为物,例如: · This kind of cloth washes well.(这种布很好洗。) · This book sells well.(这本书很畅销。) · The pen writes smoothly.(这支笔写起来很流畅。) (三)“want/need/require/be worth + doing” 结构 这类结构中,doing 的主动形式表被动含义,相当于 “to be done”,例如: · The scarf really wants cleaning.(= The scarf really wants to be cleaned.)(这条围巾需要清洗了。) · Most house plants require watering.(= Most house plants require to be watered.)(大多数室内植物需要浇水。) · This film is worth watching.(这部电影值得一看。) 五、特殊动词的被动语态 (一)使役动词与感官动词的被动 使役动词(have、make、let)和感官动词(see、watch、notice、hear、feel)后接不定式作宾语补足语时,主动句中不定式 “to” 省略,被动句中需补回 “to”,例如: · 主动:Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.(有人看到一个陌生人走进了大楼。) 被动:A stranger was seen to walk into the building.(一个陌生人被看到走进了大楼。) · 主动:The teacher made him finish the homework.(老师让他完成作业。) 被动:He was made to finish the homework by the teacher.(他被老师要求完成作业。) (二)双宾语的被动 主动句含双宾语(指人宾语 + 指物宾语)时,被动句可将 “人” 或 “物” 提前作主语: 1. 以 “人” 为主语:直接将 “人” 提前,“物” 保留在原位,例如: 主动:He gave her some money.(他给了她一些钱。) 被动:She was given some money.(她得到了一些钱。) 2. 以 “物” 为主语:将 “物” 提前,“人” 前需加 “to” 或 “for”,例如: 被动:Some money was given to her.(一些钱被给了她。) 常见双宾语动词的被动搭配: 动词 被动结构(物作主语) 示例 give sth be given to sb The gift was given to me.(礼物被送给我了。) buy sth be bought for sb The book was bought for my sister.(这本书是给我妹妹买的。) show sth be shown to sb The photo was shown to everyone.(照片被展示给所有人看了。) make sth be made for sb The cake was made for my birthday.(这个蛋糕是为我生日做的。) (三)it 作形式主语的被动句型 表示 “据说、相信” 等含义的动词(如 believe、report、say、think),常用 “It + be + 过去分词 + that 从句” 或 “主语 + be + 过去分词 + to do sth”,例如: · It is said that the boy has passed the exam.(= The boy is said to have passed the exam.)(据说这个男孩通过了考试。) · It is reported that the meeting will be held tomorrow.(据报道会议将于明天举行。) · It is believed that he is an honest man.(大家相信他是个诚实的人。) 六、练习题 (一)写出下列单词的过去式和过去分词 单词 过去式 过去分词 fall fly give go get see take choose show buy (二)用动词的适当形式填空 1. A piano concert ______________(give) here last Friday. 2. The room __________________(clean) by me every day. 3. The bike ___________________(must not put) here. 4. Some flowers ___________________(water) by Li Ming already. 5. The cinema _____________________(build) in 1985. 6. The room ______________________(paint) now. (三)单项选择 1. Some photos of the moon ________ in the Space Club next week. A. shows B. is showing C. were shown D. will be shown 2. Hou Yi _________ magic medicine for shooting down the nine suns, then Pang Meng tried to steal it. A. gives B. has given C. gave D. was given 3. Take care! Don’t drop the ink on your coat, for it __________ easily. A. won’t wash out B. won’t be washed out C. isn’t washed out D. isn’t washing out 4. The house needs __________. A. repaired B. repairing C. be repaired D. to repair (四)汉译英 1. 幸运的是,这场大火被及时扑灭了。 __________________________________________________ 2. 这个男孩经常被他的老师们表扬。 __________________________________________________ (五)完成句子 1. 这本具有教育意义的小说被翻译成了不同语言。 This educational novel __________________ different languages. 2. 一些植物被广泛应用于中国传统医药。 Some plants _______________ in Chinese traditional medicine. 3. 他的新小说很受欢迎,上周末就售罄了。 His new novel is very popular and it ______________ last week. 七、名言积累 1. Don’t put off till tomorrow what should be done today.(今日事,今日毕。) 2. A good beginning is half done.(良好的开端是成功的一半。) 3. Rome is not built in a day.(冰冻三尺非一日之寒。) 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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 Units5 -6 被动语态讲义+小练2025-2026学年人教版(2012)英语九年级全册
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 Units5 -6 被动语态讲义+小练2025-2026学年人教版(2012)英语九年级全册
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