内容正文:
知识清单·北京版三年级上册
Unit2 Numbers Around Us.
知识梳理
知识点拨
【考点一】询问某物数量的问答 【考点二】向别人借东西的问答
【考点三】询问年龄的问答 【考点四】There be句型
考点一:询问某物数量的问答
—How many classes do you have today, Mike?
—I have six classes today.
解析:
(一)核心单词解析
1.How many 意思:多少(用于询问可数名词的数量)
用法:后面必须跟可数名词的复数形式(如 classes,不能说 “How many class”)。
例:How many pens do you have?(你有多少支钢笔?)
2.class意思:课;班级(此处指 “课”)
复数形式:classes(以 “s” 结尾的名词变复数,加 “es”)
例:two classes(两节课);our class(我们班)
3.have 意思:有(此处表示 “拥有” 课程)
用法:主语是第一人称(I/we)、第二人称(you)或复数名词时,用 “have”;主语是第三人称单数(he/she/it)时,用 “has”。例:I have a book.(我有一本书。);He has three pencils.(他有三支铅笔。)
(二)句型结构解析
1. 问句结构:How many + 复数名词 + do you have + 时间状语?
(用于询问对方在某个时间有多少数量的某物)
How many classes(多少节课)→ 疑问词 + 复数名词,表询问数量;
do you have(你有)→ 助动词 “do”+ 主语 “you”+ 实义动词 “have”,构成疑问句;
today(今天)→ 时间状语,说明 “有课” 的时间。
2. 答句结构:主语 + have + 数字 + 复数名词 + 时间状语
(直接回答 “拥有某物的数量”,与问句结构对应)
(1)I(我)→ 主语,对应问句的 “you”;
(2)have(有)→ 实义动词,与问句的 “have” 一致;
(3)six classes(六节课)→ 数字 + 复数名词,回答 “数量”;
(4)today(今天)→ 时间状语,与问句的 “today” 呼应。
(三)用法提示
1.当询问 “第三人称”(如 Mike、Lucy、he、she)有多少课时,问句要把 “do you have” 换成 “does he/she have”,答句把 “I have” 换成 “He/She has”。
例:—How many classes does Lucy have today?(露西今天有多少节课?)
—She has five classes today.(她今天有五节课。)
2.“How many” 只能问 “可数名词”(能数出数量的词,如 classes, pens, books),问 “不可数名词”(如 water, milk)要用 “How much”。
错例:How many milk do you have?(×)
正例:How much milk do you have?(你有多少牛奶?)
(四)情景应用
这个对话常用于学生之间、师生之间询问 “当天的课程数量”,比如:
早上到校时,A 问:“How many classes do you have today, Tom?”(汤姆,你今天有多少节课?)B 回答:“I have six classes today.(我今天有六节课。)”
【记忆口诀】
问数量,How many 带头走,复数名词跟后头,class 变 classes(s 结尾加 es),别写错手!do you have 中间站,“你有” 课程就用它,时间状语 today 放最后,“How many classes do you have today?” 问出口!
【大显身手】
一、单项选择题。
( )1. —______ classes do you have today?
—I have five classes.
A. How much B. How many C. What D. Where
( )2. —How many classes ______ Lucy have today?
—She has four classes.
A. do B. is C. does D. are
( )3. —How many classes does Tom have today?
—______ has seven classes.
A. He B. She C. I D. We
( )4. —How many ______ do you have today?
—I have three.
A. class B. classes C. classs D. pencil
( )5. —How many classes do you have ______?
—I have six classes today.
A. yesterday B. tomorrow C. today D. Sunday
考点二:向别人借东西的问答
—Can I have one, please?
—Here you are.
解析:
(一)核心单词 / 短语解析
1.Can意思:能;可以(用于表达 “请求许可”,语气礼貌)
用法:后面必须跟动词原形(如 have,不能说 “Can I has”)。
例:Can I borrow your pen?(我能借你的钢笔吗?)
2.one意思:一个(指代前文提到过的可数名词,避免重复)
例:—I have some apples.(我有一些苹果。)—Can I have one, please?(我能要一个吗?)(“one” 指代 “one apple”)
3.Here you are意思:给你(固定短语,用于 “把某物递给对方” 时的回应)
用法:无变化,直接使用,不用根据主语改变形式。
例:—Can I have a pencil?(我能要一支铅笔吗?)—Here you are.(给你。)
(二)句型结构解析
1. 问句结构:Can I + 动词原形(have)+ 物品(one)+ , please?
(用于 “礼貌请求得到某物”,是三年级常用的请求句型)
Can I(我能…… 吗)→ 开头表请求许可,固定搭配;
have one(要一个)→ 动词原形 “have”+ 指代物品的 “one”,说明请求的内容;
please(,请)→ 句末表礼貌,可灵活调整位置(如 “Please can I have one?”)。
2. 答句结构:Here you are.(固定回应,用于 “同意对方的请求并递出物品”,无需额外变化)注意:无论对方请求什么可数物品,只要同意递出,都可以用这句话回应,不用修改。
(三)情景应用
这个对话常用于日常生活中请求得到某物的场景,比如:课堂上向同学借橡皮:—Can I have one, please?(我能借一块(橡皮)吗?)—Here you are.(给你。)在家向妈妈要水果:—Mum, can I have one, please?(妈妈,我能要一个(水果)吗?)—Here you are.(给你。)
【记忆口诀】
要东西,礼貌先,“Can I have” 放前面,“one” 代物品不重复,句末 “please” 别忘记,“Can I have one, please?” 说出口,请求客气又清楚!
【大显身手】
一、单项选择。
( )1. —______ have one, please?
—Here you are.
A. Can I B. Do I C. Am I D. Will I
( )2. —Mum, I want an apple. ______ have one, please?
—Sure. Here you are.
A. Must I B. Can I C. Should I D. Is I
( )3. —Can I have ______ milk, please?
—Here you are.
A. one B. a C. an D. some
( )4. —Can I have a pencil, please?
—______
A. Thank you.
B. Here you are.
C. I'm fine.
D. What's your name?
( )5. Which sentence is written correctly?
A. Can I have one please?
B. can I have one, please?
C. Can I have one, please?
D. Can I has one, please?
考点三:询问年龄的问答
—How old are you, Lingling?
—I'm nine years old!
解析:
(一)核心单词 / 短语解析
1.How old意思:多大年纪;几岁(专门用于询问年龄的固定疑问搭配,不能拆开用,也不能和 “how many(问数量)”“how much(问价格 / 不可数名词数量)” 混淆)
用法:放在句首引导年龄问句,后面必须跟 be 动词(are/is)。
例:How old is your brother?(你弟弟几岁了?)
2.years old意思:…… 岁(表示年龄的固定单位,“year” 是 “年”,“old” 是 “年老的 /…… 岁的”,组合后专门用于说明年龄)
用法:前面跟具体数字(如 nine, five),数字大于 1 时,“year” 要变复数 “years”;数字是 1 时,用 “year old”(如 I'm one year old.)。
例:She's six years old.(她六岁了。)
(二)句型结构解析
1. 问句结构:How old + be 动词(are/is)+ 主语(you/Lingling/he/she)?(用于 “询问某人的年龄”)
How old(几岁)→ 固定疑问开头,明确询问内容是 “年龄”;are(是)→ 因主语是 “you”,所以用 be 动词 “are”;若主语是 “he/she/Lingling(第三人称单数)”,则用 “is”(如 How old is Lingling?);you, Lingling(你 / 玲玲)→ 主语,指被问年龄的人。
2. 答句结构:主语(I/she/he)+ be 动词(am/is)+ 数字(nine)+ years old!
(用于 “回答自己或他人的年龄”,需根据问句主语调整答句主语和 be 动词)
I(我)→ 问句主语是 “you”(问 “你”),答句主语就用 “I”;若问句问 “Lingling”,答句主语用 “she”(如 She's nine years old!);am(是)→ 主语是 “I” 时,固定搭配 be 动词 “am”,不能用 “are” 或 “is”;nine years old(九岁)→ 数字 + 年龄单位,说明具体年龄,数字大于 1 时 “year” 变复数 “years”。
(三)用法提示
be 动词的 “匹配” 原则:主语不同,be 动词也不同,三年级需牢记 “我(I)用 am,你(you)用 are,他 / 她 / 它 / 单数名词(he/she/it/Lingling)用 is”,这是回答年龄时最容易出错的点。
错例:How old is you?(×)→ 正确:How old are you?(√)
错例:I is eight years old.(×)→ 正确:I'm eight years old.(√)
(四)情景应用
这个对话常用于日常交流中询问或回答年龄的场景,比如:
开学时老师问学生:—How old are you, Mike?(迈克,你几岁了?)—I'm nine years old!(我九岁了!)
和新朋友聊天:—Hi, I'm Lily. How old are you?(你好,我是莉莉。你几岁了?)—I'm eight!(我八岁了!)
介绍家人:—How old is your sister?(你妹妹几岁了?)—She's five years old.(她五岁了。)
【记忆口诀】
How old 表年龄,问句开头先锁定;主语是 “你(you)” 用 are,“他 / 她 / 单名(he/she/Lingling)” 就用 is;答句主语要对应,“我(I)” 配 am 不放松;数字紧跟 years old,数大(>1)year 变复数;口语简洁能省略(years old),年龄问答超轻松!
【大显身手】
一、单项选择。
( )1. —______ are you, Amy?
—I'm nine years old.
A. How old B. How many C. How much D. What
( )2. —How old is your brother?
—______ six years old.
A. She's B. He's C. I'm D. They're
( )3. —I'm seven ______ old. What about you?
—I'm eight.
A. year B. years C. a year D. year's
( )4. —______ old is she?
—She's ten. She's my classmate.
A. How B. What C. Who D. Where
( )5. Which sentence is correct?
A. how old are you, Mike?
B. I'm seven years old.
C. He are eight.
D. She's five year old.
考点四:There be句型
There is a big playground.
And there are many basketballs.
解析:
(一)核心单词 / 短语解析
1.There is / There are意思:表示 “某地有某物”(存在句型的固定开头,不能随意替换)。
用法:“There is” 后面跟单数名词或不可数名词(指 “有一个 / 一件”);“There are” 后面跟复数名词(指 “有多个 / 多件”)。
例:There is a book on the desk.(桌子上有一本书。)/ There are two pens in my bag.(我的包里有两支笔。)
2.playground意思:操场(名词,指学校里供学生运动、玩耍的地方,是三年级常见的校园场景词汇)。
用法:属于单数可数名词,前面可加 “a/an” 或形容词(如 big、new)修饰。
例:We play football on the playground.(我们在操场上踢足球。)
二、句型结构解析:这两句话核心是There be 句型(表示 “某地有某物”)
1. 第一句结构:There is + 单数名词短语(a big playground)
There is:固定开头,因后面名词 “playground” 是单数,所以用 “is”;
2. 第二句: 结构:There are + 复数名词短语(many basketballs)
There are:固定开头,因后面名词 “basketballs” 是复数,所以用 “are”;
(三)用法提示
There be 句型的 “单复数匹配” 原则(三年级最易出错点):
后面名词是单数 / 不可数名词(如 a book、water)→ 用 “There is”;
后面名词是复数名词(如 books、pens)→ 用 “There are”。
错例:There are a playground.(×)→ 正确:There is a playground.(√)
错例:There is many basketballs.(×)→ 正确:There are many basketballs.(√)
名词短语的构成:
形容词(如 big)、限定词(如 a、many)要放在名词前面,修饰名词,形成 “限定词 / 形容词 + 名词” 的短语(如 a big playground、many basketballs),再跟在 “There be” 后面。
(四)情景应用
这两句话常用于描述某个地方的设施或物品,尤其适合三年级学生描述 “学校、教室、公园” 等熟悉场景,比如:介绍学校:In our school, there is a big playground. And there are many basketballs. We play basketball there.(在我们学校,有一个大操场,还有许多篮球。我们在那里打篮球。)描述体育室:Look! There is a football. And there are many basketballs in the sports room.(看!体育室里有一个足球,还有许多篮球。)
【记忆口诀】
There be 表 “有啥”;单名(词)不可数用 is;复数名词就用 are;a/many 加名(词)前;否定 be 后加个 not;疑问 be 提前头;记准匹配不发愁!
【大显身手】
一、单项选择。
( )1. There ______ a small library in our school.
A. is B. are C. do D. have
( )2. There ______ many desks in the classroom.
A. is B. are C. has D. do
( )3. There ______ a small garden near my home. It’s big.
A. isn’t B. aren’t C. no D. not
( )4. —How many ______ are there in your bag?
—Three.
A. book B. books C. pencil D. eraser
( )5. ______ there many basketballs on the playground?
A. Is B. Are C. Do D. Have
写作指引
一、写作。
假如你是 Mike,现在要向朋友介绍一下你的学校。请你写一段话,要求:
1.语句通顺,语法正确;
2.不少于5句话;
3.句子要短,用你学过的简单词。
写作指导:
(一)定主题:明确要介绍的场所是 “学校”,围绕 “学校里有什么(用 There be 句型)”“场所是什么样的(用形容词,如 big/clean)”“我们在学校做什么(简单活动,如 play football/read books)” 展开。
(二)列要点:先想学校里的关键场所(如操场、教室、图书馆),再对应每个场所的 “物品 + 特点 + 活动”,比如:
操场:有篮球场(There are many basketballs)、很大(big)、能踢足球(play football)
教室:有课桌(There are desks)、很干净(clean)、能读书(read books)
(三)排顺序:按 “整体介绍→分场所描述→表达喜欢” 的顺序写,避免混乱,比如先总说 “我的学校很好”,再依次讲操场、教室,最后说 “我喜欢我的学校”。
(四)查细节:检查 There be 句型是否匹配(单数用 is,复数用 are)、形容词是否用对、句子首字母大写和句末标点(.)是否正确。
参考句型(直接套,不用慌):
1.开头总起:My school is nice. I love it.(我的学校很好,我喜欢它。)
2.描述 “有什么”(核心 There be 句型):There is a + 单数场所 / 物品.(有一个……)
例:There is a big playground in my school.
There are many + 复数物品.(有许多……)例:There are many desks in my classroom.
3.描述 “什么样”(加形容词):It is + 形容词.(它是…… 的)
例:The playground is big. / My classroom is clean.
4.描述 “做什么”:We can + 动词原形.(我们能……)
例:We can play football on the playground.
5.结尾总结:I like my school very much!(我非常喜欢我的学校!)
(二)范文:
My school is nice. I love it.
There is a big playground in my school. There are many basketballs on the playground. The playground is big and fun. We can play football there after class.
There are two classrooms in my school. My classroom is small but clean. There are many desks and chairs in it. We can read books and draw pictures here.
There is a small library too. There are many storybooks in the library. I like reading there.
I like my school very much!
综合训练
一、单项选择题(选出最佳答案)
( )1. There ______ a small park near my home. I often play there.
A. am B. is C. are D. have
( )2.—______ is the classroom?
—It’s clean and bright.
A. What B. Where C. How D. Who
( )3.There are many ______ in the library. We can read them after class.
A. book B. a book C. books D. bookes
( )4.We can ______ football on the big playground.
A. play B. plays C. playing D. to play
( )5.There ______ any desks in the small room. It’s for music.
A. is B. are C. isn’t D. aren’t
二、句子匹配(将场所与对应的描述用序号连接)。
1. Playground A. There are many storybooks. We can read here.
2.Classroom B. There are many chairs. We can sit and eat here.
3. Library C. There are many basketballs. We can play football here.
4. Dining hall D. There are many desks and blackboards. We have classes here.
5.Park E. There are many trees and flowers. We can fly kites here.
三、【新情境·生活运用】补全对话(选择合适句子补全,填序号)
Tom: Hi, Lily! Tell me about your school. A. There are many desks and chairs in it.
Lily: 1. ______ B. Is there a library in your school?
Tom: Wow! Is there a big playground? C. We can play basketball there.
Lily: Yes, 2. ______ D. My school is big and nice.
Tom: What can you do on the playground? E. There is a big playground.
Lily: 3. ______
Tom: And what about your classroom?
Lily: It’s clean. 4. ______
Tom: 5. ______
Lily: Yes, there is. We can read books there.
四、判断对错(对的写 “T”,错的写 “F”)
1. “There are a big park near my home.” 这句话书写正确。( )
2.We can say “The library is small but clean.” to describe the library.( )
3.“There isn’t any milk in the cup.” 中 “isn’t” 使用正确(milk 是不可数名词)。( )
4.“I have a new school. There are 20 classrooms in it.” 两句话逻辑通顺。( )
5.“Are there a football on the desk?” 这句话是正确的一般疑问句。( )
五、句型转换(按要求改写句子,每空一词)。
1.There is a small garden in our school.(改为否定句)
There ______ ______ a small garden in our school.
2. There are many desks in the classroom.(改为一般疑问句)
______ ______ many desks in the classroom?
3. The playground is big.(改为同义句)
The playground ______ ______ big.
4. There are three books on the desk.(对划线部分提问,划线部分:three)
______ ______ books are there on the desk?
5. We can read books in the library.(对划线部分提问,划线部分:in the library)
______ ______ we read books?
六、词汇分类(将单词归到对应类别,填序号)。
类别:①场所 ②物品 ③活动
单词:A. playground B. basketball C. read books D. library E. desk)
① ______ 2. ② ______ 3. ③ ______
七、【新考法·思维探究】情景写作补全(根据提示补全介绍 “我的公园” 的句子,每空一词)。
1. There ______ many trees and ______ in the park.
2.The park ______ very ______.
3.We ______ ______ kites in the park.
4.I ______ the park very much.
5.There ______ a small lake in the park too.
参考答案
考点一:
一、1.B 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.C
考点二:
一、1. A 2.B 3. D 4. B 5. C
考点三:
一、1.A 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.B
考点四:
一、1. A 2.B 3. A 4. B 5. B
【综合训练】
一、单项选择题。
1.B 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. D
二、句子匹配。
1-C 2-D 3-A 4-B 5-E
三、【新情境·生活运用】补全对话。
1.D 2. E 3. C 4. A 5. B
四、判断对错。
1.F 2. T 3. T 4. T 5. F
五、句型转换。
1.is; not 2. Are; there 3. is; not(或 isn’t) 4. How; many 5. Where; can
六、词汇分类。
1.① A, D 2. ② B, E 3. ③ C
七、【新考法·思维探究】情景写作补全。
1.are; flowers 2. is; beautiful(或 nice) 3. can; fly 4. like 5. is
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