内容正文:
情态动词用法归纳
情态动词无人称和数的变化;
不能单独使用,必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语
语文版2022版 英语基础模块2
Unit2 Growing Up Healthy
Grammar&Writing
Contents
01
03
05
02
04
课前回顾
知识讲解
升华总结
课堂导入
知识练习
2
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第二级
第三级
第四级
第五级
Unit2
3. Affective Objective: Students recognize the importance of grammatical accuracy in communication and develop confidence in using modal verbs to express themselves.
1. Knowledge Objective: Students can master the uses of modal verbs in expressing ability, necessity, advice, and prohibition, and apply them in health-related contexts.
2. Skill Objective: Students can complete grammar exercises accurately and write a short passage using modal verbs to give health advice or describe healthy habits.
Learning goals
Mastering the structure of the Simple Present Tense; applying it in writing daily schedules.
Correctly using third-person singular verb forms; forming accurate questions and negatives; writing coherent paragraphs.
01
Key and difficult points
02
Key point
Difficult point
1.课前回顾
medical
plenty
fight
proper
protect
Leina
2.课堂导入
定 义
I can play basketball.
-Can I play with you?
-Yes,you can.
情态动词本身有一定的词义,但不能单独作谓语;
只能和动词原形一起构成谓语;
表示说话人的情绪、态度、语气。
口诀
情态动词有词义,
不能单独作谓语,
变否定,后not,
变疑问,前面提,
后加动原要牢记。
3.知识讲解
第一关
第二关
第三关
疯狂闯关吧!
一、 can, could
1) 表示能力,译“能”,could表示过去。
Can you lift this heavy box?
Mary can speak three languages.
Can you skate?
此时可用be able to代替。
2) 表示请求和允许,“可以”。
-----Can I go now?
----- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.
此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could, might代替,不是
过去式,只是语气更委婉,不能用于肯定句和答语中。
---- Could I come to see you tomorrow?
---- Yes, you can. ( No, I’m afraid not. )
一、 can, could
3) 表示客观可能性(客观原因形成的能力)。
This hall can hold 500 people at least.
The temperature can fall to –60℃, that is 60℃ below freezing.
4) 表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度),用于疑问句、否定句
和感叹句中。
Can this be true?
This can’t be done by him.
How can this be true?
5)比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。
Can (Could) you lend me a hand? 帮我一把好吗?
第一关
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Phelps ___________ swim when he was born
NEXT
couldn’t
1/15
Phelps couldn’t swim when he was born
but he _________ swim really fast now.
NEXT
can
2/15
My aunt ________ jump high. She was the best.
NEXT
could
3/15
My aunt could jump high. She was the best.
But now she ________ do it because she is 90.
NEXT
can’t
4/15
He couldn’t drive a car when he was a child
but he _______ drive trucks now. He is a truck driver.
NEXT
can
6/15
1) 表示请求和允许。might比 may语气更委婉,而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can’t 或mustn’t,表示“不可以,禁止”。
----Might/ May I smoke in this room?
---- No, you mustn’t.
---- May/Might I take this book out of the room?
---- Yes, you can. (No, you can’t / mustn’t. )
用May I...?征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气,而用Can I...?在口语中更常见。
2)用于祈使句,表示祝愿。
May you succeed!
3) 表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句)。
might不是过去式,它所表示的可能性比may小。
1.He may /might be very busy now.
2.Your mother may /might not know the truth.
二、 may, might
第二关
第二关
MAY - MIGHT
You _______ well be right.
may
may
might
NEXT
1/10
The teacher says we ______ leave when we've finished.
may
may
might
NEXT
2/10
may
You _______ try asking her for help. She knows her stuff.
might
might
NEXT
3/10
may
I was just wondering whether you ________ be able to help me.
might
might
NEXT
4/10
1) 表示命令,“必须、必要”。
You must come in time.
在回答引出的问句时,如果是否定的,不能用mustn’t(禁止,不准),而用needn’t, don’t have to(不必).
---- Must we hand in our exercise books today?
---- Yes, you must.
---- No, you don’t have to / you needn’t.
2) 表示推测、可能性(只用于肯定的陈述句)“一定,准是”
Your mother must be waiting for you now.
3) must是说话人的主观看法, 而have to则强调客观需要。Must只有一般现在时, have to 有更多的时态形式。
1. I really must go now.
2. I had to work when I was your age.
三、 must, have to
第三关
don’t have to
Children ___________ play with fire.
mustn’t
Click on the right raft to complete the sentence and rescue me, please!
1/12
mustn’t
don’t have to
You ________ speak to the driver
when the bus is moving. It's dangerous.
mustn’t
2/12
mustn’t
don’t have to
I like Sundays because I ____________ go to work.
don’t have to
3/12
mustn’t
don’t have to
It is forbidden. You __________ do that.
mustn’t
4/12
mustn’t
1) dare作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为dared。
1. How dare you say I’m unfair?
2. He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare he?
3. If we dared not go there that day, we couldn’t get the
beautiful flowers.
2) need 作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。
1.You needn’t come so early.
2. ---- Need I finish the work today?
---- Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.
四、 dare, need
3) dare和 need作实义动词用时, 有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中,dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中,dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。
1. I dare to swim across this river.
2. He doesn’t dare (to) answer.
3. He needs to finish his homework today.
四、 dare, need
1) shall 用于第一人称,征求对方的意见。
What shall we do this evening?
2) shall 用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
1. You shall fail if you don’t work hard.(警告)
2. He shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺)
3. He shall be punished.(威胁)
五、 shall, should
1) 表示请求、建议等,常用于疑问句中,would更委婉。
Will / Would you pass me the ball, please?
Would you like a cup of tea?
2) 表示意志、愿望和决心,常用于肯定句中。
1. I will never do that again.
2. They asked him if he would go abroad.
六、 will, would
七、should, ought to
1) should, ought to表示“应该”,ought to表示义务或责任,比should语气重。
1. I should help her because she is in trouble.
2. You ought to take care of the baby.
2) 表示劝告、建议和命令。should, ought to可通用,但在疑问
句中常用should。
1. You should / ought to go to class right away.
2. Should I open the window?
3) 表示推测,should , ought to (客观推测), must(主观推测)。
1.He must be home by now. (断定他已到家)
2.He ought to/should be home by now.(不太肯定)
3.This is where the oil must be.(直爽)
4.This is where the oil ought to/should be.(含蓄)
总结归纳
can 表示能力,意为 “能 会”
表示推测, 意为 “可能”, 常用于否定句和疑问句中
表示请求, 允许, 意为“可以”
could can 的过去式,意为“能、会”, 表示过去的能力
在疑问句中表示委婉请求
may 表示请求、许可,意为“可以”
表示推测,常用于肯定句中,意为“可能、也许”
might may的过去式
表示推测,常用于肯定句中,意为“ 可能、也许 ”
must 表示主观看法,意为“必须、应该”
表示有把握的推测,用语肯定句
Need 表示需要、必须,主要用于否定句和疑问句中
dare 表示敢于,主要用于否定句和疑问句中
should 意为“ 应该”, 表示要求和命令
表示劝告、建议
had better 意为 “最好”,表示建议
used to 意为 “过去常常,表示过去的动作、行为
考点一 can ,may, must 等情态动词在陈述句中的用法
1. can 的用法
(1)表示能力、许可、可能性。 表示能力时一般译为“能、会”, 即有种能力,尤其是生来具备的能力,此时may 和must 均不可代替它。如:
She can swim fast, but I can’t . 她能游得很快,但我不能。
I can see with my eyes. 我用眼睛看。
(2) 表示可能、能够。 如:
I can finish it in an hour. 我能在一小时后完成它。
(3)表示许可,常在口语中。如:
You can use my dictionary. 你可以用我的字典。
(4) 表示推测,意为“可能”, 常用于否定句和疑问句中, 此时can’t 译为“ 不可能”。 如:
Can the news be true? 这个消息会是真的吗?
----Can it be our teacher?
那个人有可能是我们老师吗?
----No, it can’t be our teacher. He is on a visit to the Great Wall.
不可能。咱们老师正在游览长城呢。
1. (1) can’t可译为“不会”, 如:I can’t play basketball. 我不会打篮球。
(2)当句子表推测时,用can’t 表达不可能, 如:
He can’t be ill. He is playing chess with Tom. 他不可能病了,他正和Tom 下棋呢。
(3) can’t 还可用来回答“ May I …? ” 这样的问句。 如:
May I come in ? 我可以进来吗?
No, you mustn’t. / can’t. 不,你不能。
(4)can’t 还可用于固定习语中。如:
She can’t help crying. 她不禁大哭起来。
考点二 不同情态动词的否定意义也不同
2. may 的否定式为 may not , 译成“ 可能不”, 如:He may not be at home. 他也许不在家。
含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为:
情态动词+ be + done (动词的过去分词)。
做题时要兼顾情态动词和被动语态这两个方面。 如:
You needn’t get up so early every day.
你不必每天都起这么早。
She shouldn’t speak t her mother in that way.
她不应该用那种方式和妈妈说话。
More and more trees must be planted in China.
在中国必须种植更多的树木。
Many of the stars can not be seen because they are far away from us.
很多星星我们都看不到, 因为它们离我们太远了。
考点三 情态动词的被动语态
4.知识练习
测试内容出现频率较高的情态动词主要集中在 can, may, must, need 等次的用法上, 重点为以下四点:
1.can , could 表能力的用法。
2.常见情态动词的提问和回答, 尤其是 ①May I …? No,you mustn’t/ can’t. ②Must I …? No, you needn’t/
3.表示推测的用法, 肯定句中用may (可能), must (一定), 否定句中用may not(可能不), can’t(不可能)。注意 can’t 与mustn’t 的区别。
4.情态动词的被动语态。
方法一 了解命题规律
1.从整体上把握情态动词的基本用法。
— ________ you pass me a pen? I’d like to write down the phone number. —Sure. Here it is.
A. Can B. Need C. Might D. Must
2. 逐个学习,了解每个情态动词的用法特征。
—May I go to the cinema, mum? — Certainly, but you ________ be back by 11 o’clock.
A. can B. may C. must D. need
方法二 掌握突破方法
3. 认真区别具有相同功能的、 意思相近的情态动词的用法。
You ______ get there by bus.
A. don’t need B. needn’t to
C. don’t need to D. need don’t to
4. 解答情态动词的题目时,一定要细心领会情景特征,不要放过任何细节, 只有这样才能找到足够的信息,确定最佳答案。
You _______ worry about me. It’s nothing serious.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. won’t
方法二 掌握突破方法
错因一 语境理解错误
—Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Please? —Sorry, I’m not sure . But it _______ be.
A . might B.may C. must
情态动词表示推测时, 肯定句中用 might , may, must, 其肯定程度递增。
错因二 否定形式混淆
The man in the office___be Mr. Black because he went home just now.
A.mustn’t B.may not C.can’t D.needn’t
易错题型清单
错因三 相似词语混淆
---Can you go surfing with us this afternoon?
----I’d like to , but I __ look after my sister at home , because my mother is ill.
A.need B.must C.have to D.should
错因四 疑问答语 易错解
----May I take this book out of the reading room?
----______. Please read it here.
A. Certainly B.No, you needn’t
C.No, you mustn’t D.No, you may not
May I …? 的否定答语为 No, you can’t/ mustn’t. ;
Must I …?否定答语为 No,you needn’t/don’t have to.;
Can I …? 的否定答语为 No, you can’t.
易错题型清单
1. —Listen! Helen is singing in the next room.
—It ____________ be Helen. She has gone to Beijing.
A. can’t
B. mustn’t
C. may
D. should
2. —Mum, must I do my homework now?
—No, you ____________.
A. can’t
B. mustn’t
C. needn’t
D. shouldn’t
3.—May I go swimming in the river, Mum?
—No, you ____________. It is dangerous.
A. can’t
B. mustn’t
C. needn’t
D. shouldn’t
4.—Dad, can I go to the movies tonight?
—Sure, but you ____________ come back home before 9 o’clock.
A. can
B. must
C. may
D. might
5.Peter __________ come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet.
A. can
B. must
C. may
D. will
1.This pair of glasses _______ be July’s. She’s the only one who wears glasses.
2.You _______(must)play football on the road.
3.People _______ (can’t)use the Internet in 1950.
4.You_______(should)eat anything after brushing teeth.
5.Mario_______(can)play football.He_______(look)sad.
must
mustn’t
couldn’t
shouldn’t
can’t
looks
5.升华总结
总 结
1.定义:情态动词本身有一定的词义,但不能单独作谓语;只能和动词原形一起构成谓语;
表示说话人的情绪、态度、语气。
2.用法:
can/could:能力;可能;请求;推测
may/might:请求;推测;祝愿
总 结
2.用法:
must:主观意志(与have to区分);推测
need/dare:情态动词;实义动词;
should/ought to:劝告建议;应该;推测;
will/would:意愿;征求意见;习惯倾向性;
推测;执意或决心。
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