精品解析：沪外教版（2024）英语八年级上册Unit 5 Culture and customs C Grammaring 课后作业

1. The boy asked his father ________. A. which room he would live in the hotel B. how life would be like in the year 2100 C. how he called the man under the tree D. if Shakespeare was a great writer 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：这个男孩问他的父亲莎士比亚是不是一个伟大的作家。 考查宾语从句。选项A中动词live后要借助介词in才能和which room搭配，句中虽然有一个介词in，但它是和后面的hotel搭配的，因此这句话存在语法错误；选项B中how与would be like搭配错误，应把how改成what；选项C中从句的引导词充当宾语补足语，应把how改成what；选项D中引导词、时态以及句子结构都正确。故选D。 2. Dara Khosrowshahi, the CEO of Expedia Inc, says he didn’t realize ________ he would love it when he first joined the company 11 years ago. A. how soon B. how much C. how often D. how many 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：Expedia首席执行官Dara Khosrowshahi表示，11年前他刚加入公司时，没有意识到自己会如此热爱这份工作。 考查副词短语辨析及宾语从句引导词。how soon多快；how much多少，可表示程度；how often多久一次，强调频率；how many多少，修饰可数名词，不能修饰动词。 根据“says he didn’t realize...he would love it”可知，空处需副词修饰love，表示“热爱程度”，需用how much。故选B。 3. Language learning isn’t hard itself. How much time you spend on it decides ________. A. that you can take the lead B. whether you can learn it well C. who can you ask for help D. why you began to learn English 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：语言学习本身并不难。你花多少时间在上面决定了你是否能学好它。 考查宾语从句。that you can take the lead 你可以领先；whether you can learn it well 你是否能学好它；who can you ask for help 你可以向谁求助；why you began to learn English 你为什么开始学英语。分析句子可知，空处在句中作宾语，所以是宾语从句，应用“陈述句语序”，排除C；根据“how much time you spend on it decides…”（你花多少时间在上面决定了……）可知，这里需要一个能体现学习结果的宾语从句，且“whether”最符合“决定学习效果”的语境，故选B。 4. The teacher said that the earth ________ around the sun. A. move B. moves C. moved D. to move 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：老师说地球围绕着太阳转。 考查宾语从句的时态。在宾语从句中，内容若是真理或公理时，用一般现在时，主语是the earth，动词用三单形式。故选B。 5. — Bob, your model ship looks cool. Could you tell me ______? — At the DIY workshop in the Science Museum. A. where did you buy it B. where you bought it C. when did you buy it D. when you bought it 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：——Bob，你的模型船看起来很酷。你能告诉我你在哪里买的吗？——在科学博物馆的DIY工作坊买的。 考查宾语从句。根据答句“At the DIY workshop in the Science Museum”可知，问句询问的是地点，排除C、D选项；宾语从句需用陈述句语序，排除A选项的疑问语序。故选B。 6. Some people believe ________ a monkey person is sociable. 【答案】that 【解析】 【详解】句意：有些人相信猴子人是善于交际的。根据“a monkey person is sociable”可知，这里缺少一个引导宾语从句的连接词，且从句结构完整，因此用that引导宾语从句。故填that。 7. She is worried about ________ she can get promoted. 【答案】whether 【解析】 【详解】句意：她担心自己是否能得到晋升。根据语境可知，此处表达她心里存疑，不确定自己“是否”能得到晋升；又因为“about”可知，在介词后一般用“whether”而不用“if”引导宾语从句。故填whether。 8. —I wonder ________ Anna refused to come to my party. (用适当的疑问词填空) —Er, her parents didn’t allow her to go out on school nights. 【答案】why 【解析】 【详解】句意：——我想知道安娜为什么拒绝来我的派对。——呃，她父母不允许她在上学日晚上外出。根据答语“her parents didn’t allow her to go out on school nights”是在说明安娜拒绝的原因，“wonder”后接宾语从句，此处用“why”引导宾语从句，询问原因。故填why。 9. Could you tell me ______ the library is open? 【答案】when 【解析】 【详解】句意：你能告诉我图书馆什么时候开门吗？根据句意，询问图书馆开放的时间，应使用时间疑问词when。空格处需填入when构成完整的宾语从句。故填when。 10. No matter where you are, join us for the Gala of the year and see ________ China celebrates this important cultural event. 【答案】how 【解析】 【详解】句意：无论你身在何处，都可以加入我们的年度盛会，看看中国是如何庆祝这一重要文化事件的。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句；根据“No matter where you are, join us for the Gala of the year and see...China celebrates this important cultural event.”的语境可知，此处指看看中国庆祝这一重要文化事件的方式方法，how“如何”符合。故填how。 11. 我的朋友汤姆和我一直在讨论我们在长城上所看到的东西。 My friend Tom and I keep talking about ________ ________ ________ on the Great Wall. 【答案】 ①. what ②. we ③. saw 【解析】 【详解】由中英文对比可知，缺少“我们所看到的东西”；what“什么”，引导宾语从句，从句要用陈述句语序；we“我们”，作从句的主语；saw“看到”，为谓语动词，what we saw表示“我们所看到的东西”。故填what；we；saw。 12. ——你知道它们是怎样走路的吗？ ——不知道。 —Do you know ________ they ________?  —No, I don’t know. 【答案】 ①. how ②. walk 【解析】 【详解】对照中英文可知，缺少“怎样”和“走路”。此句为宾语从句，时态遵循“主现从不限”，空处位于从句，且语序为陈述句语序，表经常性、习惯性动作用一般现在时。how“怎样”，walk“走路”，动词，主语为they，动词walk用原形。故填how；walk。 13. 他们担心自己能否学会这些技能。 They worried _______ _______ _______ _______ these skills. 【答案】 ①. if##whether ②. they ③. could ④. learn 【解析】 【详解】是否：if/whether，引导宾语从句；他们：they，作主语；根据“worried”可知主句是一般过去时，故宾语从句也用过去时态，表示“能够”用情态动词could，其后加动词原形learn“学习”。故填if/whether；they；could；learn。 14. 老师告诉我们四分之三的地球都被水覆盖。 The teacher told us that three quarters of our earth ________ ________ by water. 【答案】 ①. is ②. covered 【解析】 【详解】此处陈述客观事实，宾语从句用一般现在时；be covered by“被……覆盖”；当分数作为主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于分数后面所接的名词，本句分数后面的名词“our earth”是单数，be动词用is。故填is；covered。 15. 我想知道你为什么对这个问题如此感兴趣。 I want to know ________ ________ ________ so interested in this problem. 【答案】 ①. why ②. you ③. are 【解析】 【详解】根据所给汉语提示可知，此处为宾语从句，为什么“why”，引导宾语从句，宾语从句用陈述语序，从句中的主语是你“you”，对……感兴趣“be interested in”，此处be动词用are。故填why；you；are。 Chinese people have many healthy lifestyles (生活方式). Drinking hot water is one of ___16___. I’m Li Ming, ___17___ Chinese student. I have three foreign (外国) friends and we like going out for dinner. We all know that in China, when we are waiting for the food, the waiter usually gives us hot water to drink. ___18___, my foreign friends don’t know it. One day, a waiter gave us four small ___19___ of hot water. One of my friends ___20___ to wash his hands. “Why do you use this small cup of water to wash hands?” I asked. “You know Chinese people ___21___ drink hot water!” For Chinese people, drinking more hot water can make us ___22___ and strong. When we are ill, doctors ask us to drink hot water. Our parents ask us not to eat too much ice-cream, and they ___23___ cold food is not good for our bodies. But in foreign countries, ___24___ people may not have the habit of drinking hot water. So they find it is interesting that many Chinese people like taking a cup ___25___ hot water in it when they hang out. Next time you go to a friend’s home in America, don’t be surprised if he gives you a cup of cold water. 16. A. they B. them C. their 17. A. a B. an C. the 18. A. However B. But C. So 19. A. cup B. cup’s C. cups 20. A. start B. starts C. started 21. A. usually B. sometimes C. never 22. A. health B. healthy C. healthily 23. A. thank B. think C. look 24. A. some B. few C. any 25. A. of B. without C. with 【答案】16. B 17. A 18. A 19. C 20. C 21. A 22. B 23. B 24. A 25. C 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国人喝热水的健康生活方式，以及中外对这一习惯的不同看法。 【16题详解】 句意：喝热水是其中之一。 they他们(主格)；them他们(宾格)；their他们的(形容词性物主代词)。根据句意“Drinking hot water is one of”可知，此处指代前文提到的“healthy lifestyles”，需用宾格形式作介词of的宾语。故选B。 【17题详解】 句意：我是李明，一名中国学生。 a用于辅音音素开头的词；an用于元音音素开头的词；the表示特指。Chinese以辅音音素/tʃ/开头，且此处为泛指“一名学生”。故选A。 【18题详解】 句意：然而，我的外国朋友不知道这一点。 However然而(常带逗号)；But但是(直接连接句子)；So因此。前句提到“我们都知道”，本句说“朋友不知道”，存在转折关系，且空后有逗号。故选A。 【19题详解】 句意：一天，服务员给了我们四小杯热水。 cup单数；cup’s名词所有格；cups复数。four后接可数名词复数形式，且“小杯”为数量单位。故选C。 20题详解】 句意：我的一个朋友开始用它洗手。 start原形；starts第三人称单数；started过去式。全文为过去时态，且主语“One of my friends”为单数。故选C。 【21题详解】 句意：你知道中国人通常喝热水！ usually通常；sometimes有时；never从不。根据上下文中国人习惯喝热水的文化背景，此处强调普遍性。故选A。 【22题详解】 句意：对于中国人来说，喝更多热水能让我们健康强壮。 health名词；healthy形容词；healthily副词。“make sb. + adj.”结构，需用形容词作宾补。故选B。 【23题详解】 句意：我们的父母叫我们不要吃太多冰淇淋，他们认为冷食对身体不好。 thank感谢；think认为；look看。“cold food is not good”是观点，需用think表达“认为”。故选B。 【24题详解】 句意：但在外国，一些人可能没有喝热水的习惯。 some一些(肯定句)；few几乎没有(表否定)；any任何(疑问/否定句)。此处为肯定句，且people为复数泛指。故选A。 【25题详解】 句意：因此，他们发现很多中国人外出时喜欢带一杯热水，觉得这很有趣。 of属于；without没有；with带有。“taking a cup … hot water”表示“携带装有热水的杯子”，需用with表伴随。故选C。 中庸之为德也，其至矣乎!——《论语》 The virtue (品德) of the golden mean (中庸) is a perfect state of equilibrium (平衡)!—The Analects of Confucius (孔子) (Translated by Zhao Yanchun) Confucius came up with many great ideas But what’s ____26____ (well-known) one? That may be the idea of the golden mean. What’s ____27____ (it) real meaning? Chang Sheng, a Chinese teacher at the High School Affiliated to Renmin University of China, once ____28____ (give) his own idea about the golden mean. Zhongyong, the golden mean, is an interesting topic. Confucius spoke ____29____ (high) of it. He saw it ____30____ a very important virtue. However, people often misunderstand it. People often think it means not doing your best. But ____31____ key point of the golden mean is to stay moderate (适中的), neither too little nor too much. The character “zhong” means to be moderate when you talk and do things. “Yong” ____32____ (have) two meanings—being common and unchanging. This way of thinking is useful in our daily ____33____ (life). For example, when we do exercise, we can’t do too much every time. ____34____ we exercise too much, we might get hurt. But it doesn’t mean we should never exercise. The key is to walk a fine line (把握分寸). The Chinese nation has always believed in the golden mean. President Xi Jinping said we should respect other nations. We should be confident but not too arrogant (自负的) in ___35___ (culture) exchanges. 【答案】26. the most well-known 27. its 28. gave 29. highly 30. as 31. the 32. has 33. lives 34. If 35. cultural 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了中庸的真正含义以及中庸在生活中的运用。 26题详解】 句意：但最著名的是什么？根据“Confucius came up with many great ideas”可知此处指最著名的思想，用最高级most well-known，最高级前加定冠词the。故填the most well-known。 【27题详解】 句意：它的真正含义是什么？根据“real meaning”可知，此处用形容词性物主代词its修饰名词meaning。故填its。 【28题详解】 句意：中国人民大学附属中学的语文老师常胜曾对中庸有过自己的见解。根据“once ...”可知此处用一般过去时，动词用过去式，give的过去式是gave。故填gave。 【29题详解】 句意：孔子对它评价很高。speak highly of...是固定短语，意为“高度评价……”，highly是副词，修饰动词“speak”。故填highly。 【30题详解】 句意：他把它看作是一种非常重要的品德。see...as...是固定短语，意为“把……看作……”，as符合语境。故填as。 【31题详解】 句意：但中庸的关键要点是保持适中，既不过少也不过多。这里特指中庸的关键要点，要用定冠词the来修饰“key point”。故填the。 【32题详解】 句意：“庸”有两个含义——普通和不变。句子描述的是客观事实，时态用一般现在时，“Yong”作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，have的第三人称单数是has，符合语境。故填has。 【33题详解】 句意：这种思维方式在我们的日常生活中很有用。daily life表示“日常生活”，这里指我们的日常生活，life要用复数形式lives。故填lives。 【34题详解】 句意：如果我们锻炼太多，我们可能会受伤。根据“we might get hurt”可知，这里是假设锻炼太多的情况，if表示“如果”，引导条件状语从句，句首字母大写。故填If。 【35题详解】 句意：在文化交流中我们应该自信但不要太自负。“exchanges”是名词，前面需要用形容词来修饰，cultural表示“文化的”，cultural exchanges意为“文化交流”，符合语境。故填cultural。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 1. The boy asked his father ________. A. which room he would live in the hotel B. how life would be like in the year 2100 C. how he called the man under the tree D. if Shakespeare was a great writer 2. Dara Khosrowshahi, the CEO of Expedia Inc, says he didn’t realize ________ he would love it when he first joined the company 11 years ago. A. how soon B. how much C. how often D. how many 3. Language learning isn’t hard itself. How much time you spend on it decides ________. A. that you can take the lead B. whether you can learn it well C. who can you ask for help D. why you began to learn English 4. The teacher said that the earth ________ around the sun. A. move B. moves C. moved D. to move 5. — Bob, your model ship looks cool. Could you tell me ______? — At the DIY workshop in the Science Museum. A. where did you buy it B. where you bought it C. when did you buy it D. when you bought it 6 Some people believe ________ a monkey person is sociable. 7. She is worried about ________ she can get promoted. 8. —I wonder ________ Anna refused to come to my party. (用适当的疑问词填空) —Er, her parents didn’t allow her to go out on school nights. 9. Could you tell me ______ the library is open? 10. No matter where you are, join us for the Gala of the year and see ________ China celebrates this important cultural event. 11. 我的朋友汤姆和我一直在讨论我们在长城上所看到的东西。 My friend Tom and I keep talking about ________ ________ ________ on the Great Wall. 12. ——你知道它们是怎样走路的吗？ ——不知道。 —Do you know ________ they ________?  —No, I don’t know. 13. 他们担心自己能否学会这些技能。 They worried _______ _______ _______ _______ these skills 14. 老师告诉我们四分之三的地球都被水覆盖。 The teacher told us that three quarters of our earth ________ ________ by water. 15. 我想知道你什么对这个问题如此感兴趣。 I want to know ________ ________ ________ so interested in this problem. Chinese people have many healthy lifestyles (生活方式). Drinking hot water is one of ___16___. I’m Li Ming, ___17___ Chinese student. I have three foreign (外国的) friends and we like going out for dinner. We all know that in China, when we are waiting for the food, the waiter usually gives us hot water to drink. ___18___, my foreign friends don’t know it. One day, a waiter gave us four small ___19___ of hot water. One of my friends ___20___ to wash his hands. “Why do you use this small cup of water to wash hands?” I asked. “You know Chinese people ___21___ drink hot water!” For Chinese people, drinking more hot water can make us ___22___ and strong. When we are ill, doctors ask us to drink hot water. Our parents ask us not to eat too much ice-cream, and they ___23___ cold food is not good for our bodies. But in foreign countries, ___24___ people may not have the habit of drinking hot water. So they find it is interesting that many Chinese people like taking a cup ___25___ hot water in it when they hang out. Next time you go to a friend’s home in America, don’t be surprised if he gives you a cup of cold water. 16 A. they B. them C. their 17. A. a B. an C. the 18. A. However B. But C. So 19. A. cup B. cup’s C. cups 20. A. start B. starts C. started 21. A. usually B. sometimes C. never 22. A. health B. healthy C. healthily 23. A. thank B. think C. look 24. A. some B. few C. any 25. A. of B. without C. with 中庸之为德也，其至矣乎!——《论语》 The virtue (品德) of the golden mean (中庸) is a perfect state of equilibrium (平衡)!—The Analects of Confucius (孔子) (Translated by Zhao Yanchun) Confucius came up with many great ideas. But what’s ____26____ (well-known) one? That may be the idea of the golden mean. What’s ____27____ (it) real meaning? Chang Sheng, a Chinese teacher at the High School Affiliated to Renmin University of China, once ____28____ (give) his own idea about the golden mean. Zhongyong, the golden mean, is an interesting topic. Confucius spoke ____29____ (high) of it. He saw it ____30____ a very important virtue. However, people often misunderstand it. People often think it means not doing your best. But ____31____ key point of the golden mean is to stay moderate (适中的), neither too little nor too much. The character “zhong” means to be moderate when you talk and do things. “Yong” ____32____ (have) two meanings—being common and unchanging. This way of thinking is useful in our daily ____33____ (life). For example when we do exercise, we can’t do too much every time. ____34____ we exercise too much, we might get hurt. But it doesn’t mean we should never exercise. The key is to walk a fine line (把握分寸). The Chinese nation has always believed in the golden mean. President Xi Jinping said we should respect other nations. We should be confident but not too arrogant (自负的) in ___35___ (culture) exchanges. 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $