Unit 5 Into the unknown 派生法背记单词清单-2024-2025学年高中英语外研版选择性必修第四册

UNIT 5 Into the unknown.派生法背记单词 序号 原词 例句 派生词 例句 1 civilisation /ˌsɪvəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/ n. 文明（社会） Ancient Egyptian civilisation is famous for its pyramids and temples.（古埃及文明以金字塔和寺庙闻名。） 1. civilize /ˈsɪvəlaɪz/ v. 使文明，使开化2. civilized /ˈsɪvəlaɪzd/ adj. 文明的，开化的 1. Education helps to civilize a society by spreading knowledge.（教育通过传播知识帮助社会走向文明。）2. We live in a civilized world where people respect each other’s rights.（我们生活在文明社会中，人们相互尊重权利。） 2 intrigue /ɪnˈtriːɡ/ v.（因奇特或神秘而）激起……的兴趣 The mystery of the ancient tomb intrigued all the archaeologists.（古墓的神秘之处激起了所有考古学家的兴趣。） 1. intrigue /ˈɪntriːɡ/ n. 阴谋；神秘吸引力2. intriguing /ɪnˈtriːɡɪŋ/ adj. 有趣的，迷人的 1. The novel is full of political intrigue that keeps readers hooked.（这本小说充满政治阴谋，让读者欲罢不能。）2. That’s an intriguing question—no one has answered it yet.（这是个迷人的问题，至今无人能答。） 3 bury /ˈberi/ v. 将……埋在下面；埋葬 The villagers buried the fallen tree under the soil to enrich the land.（村民们把倒下的树埋在土里，以肥沃土地。） 1. burial /ˈberiəl/ n. 埋葬，葬礼2. buried /ˈberid/ adj. 被埋葬的；隐藏的 1. They held a simple burial ceremony for the brave soldier.（他们为这位勇敢的士兵举行了简单的葬礼。）2. Workers found buried treasure while digging the foundation.（工人挖地基时发现了埋藏的宝藏。） 4 astronomy /əˈstrɒnəmi/ n. 天文学 Galileo’s observations made great contributions to the development of astronomy.（伽利略的观测为天文学发展做出了巨大贡献。） 1. astronomer /əˈstrɒnəmə/ n. 天文学家2. astronomical /ˌæstrəˈnɒmɪkl/ adj. 天文的；极大的 1. Her dream is to become an astronomer and study distant stars.（她的梦想是成为天文学家，研究遥远的恒星。）2. The cost of building the new stadium is astronomical—over 1 billion yuan.（新建体育场的成本极高，超过10亿元。） 5 tropical /ˈtrɒpɪkl/ adj. 来自热带的；产于热带的 Mangoes and pineapples are typical tropical fruits that need warm weather.（芒果和菠萝是典型的热带水果，需要温暖气候。） 1. tropics /ˈtrɒpɪks/ n. 热带地区（复数）2. tropically /ˈtrɒpɪkli/ adv. 热带地；湿热地 1. Most rainforests on Earth are located in the tropics.（地球上大多数雨林位于热带地区。）2. The coastal city is tropically warm in summer, with frequent rain.（这座沿海城市夏季湿热，雨水频繁。） 6 ruin /ˈruːɪn/ n. 残垣断壁，废墟；v. 毁坏 The earthquake turned the once-beautiful town into ruin.（地震把这座曾经美丽的小镇变成了废墟。） 1. ruin /ˈruːɪn/ v. 毁坏，破坏2. ruined /ˈruːɪnd/ adj. 毁坏的，破败的 1. A single mistake ruined his chances of winning the competition.（一个小小的错误毁掉了他赢得比赛的机会。）2. We visited a ruined castle in Scotland during our trip.（旅行时我们参观了苏格兰一座破败的城堡。） 7 abandon /əˈbændən/ v. 离弃，逃离；放弃 The residents had to abandon their homes because of the approaching flood.（洪水逼近，居民们不得不撤离家园。） 1. abandonment /əˈbændənmənt/ n. 离弃，抛弃2. abandoned /əˈbændənd/ adj. 被离弃的，废弃的 1. The abandonment of the project made all the team members disappointed.（项目的搁置让所有团队成员感到失望。）2. An abandoned factory on the edge of the city has become a shelter for stray cats.（城市边缘一座废弃工厂成了流浪猫的避难所。） 8 dismiss /dɪsˈmɪs/ v. 拒绝考虑，否定；解雇 The teacher dismissed his silly excuse for being late without hesitation.（老师毫不犹豫地否定了他迟到的荒唐借口。） 1. dismissal /dɪsˈmɪsl/ n. 拒绝；解雇2. dismissed /dɪsˈmɪst/ adj. 被拒绝的；被解雇的 1. The dismissal of his proposal surprised no one—It was too unrealistic.（他的提案被否决不足为奇，实在太不切实际了。）2. The dismissed worker later found a better job in another company.（被解雇的员工后来在另一家公司找到了更好的工作。） 9 expansion /ɪkˈspænʃn/ n. 扩大；增加；扩张 The company’s expansion into the Asian market brought more profits.（公司向亚洲市场的扩张带来了更多利润。） 1. expand /ɪkˈspænd/ v. 扩大，扩展；膨胀2. expanded /ɪkˈspændɪd/ adj. 扩大的，扩展的 1. We plan to expand our business to more cities next year.（我们计划明年将业务扩展到更多城市。）2. The expanded library now has over 100,000 books.（扩建后的图书馆现在有超过10万册藏书。） 10 retreat /rɪˈtriːt/ v. 后退；离开；退避 The soldiers were forced to retreat when they ran out of ammunition.（弹药耗尽，士兵们被迫撤退。） 1. retreat /rɪˈtriːt/ n. 后退；隐居处2. retreated /rɪˈtriːtɪd/ adj. 后退的，退缩的 1. The general ordered a strategic retreat to save his troops.（将军下令战略性撤退以保全兵力。）2. The retreated army regrouped and prepared for a counterattack.（撤退的军队重新集结，准备反击。） 11 subdue /səbˈdjuː/ v. 克制，抑制（情绪）；制服 She tried to subdue her excitement when she heard she won the prize.（听到自己获奖，她努力克制内心的激动。） 1. subdued /səbˈdjuːd/ adj. 被抑制的；温顺的2. subduction /səbˈdʌkʃn/ n. 抑制，压制（高中核心扩展） 1. His subdued voice showed he was still angry about the mistake.（他低沉的声音表明，他仍在为那个错误生气。）2. The subduction of negative emotions for a long time is bad for mental health.（长期压抑负面情绪不利于心理健康。） 12 uncharted /ʌnˈtʃɑːtɪd/ adj. 地图上没有标明的；未知的 The explorers set out to visit the uncharted island in the Pacific Ocean.（探险家们启程前往太平洋上这座未标注的岛屿。） 1. chart /tʃɑːt/ v. 绘制地图；规划2. chart /tʃɑːt/ n. 图表；地图 1. The sailor charted a new route to avoid the storm.（水手绘制了一条新航线以避开风暴。）2. We used a weather chart to predict whether it would rain tomorrow.（我们用气象图预测明天是否会下雨。） 13 shrink /ʃrɪŋk/ v. 退缩，畏缩；缩小 He shrank from speaking in front of a large audience—He was too shy.（他太害羞，不敢在大批观众面前发言。） 1. shrunken /ˈʃrʌŋkən/ adj. 缩小的，萎缩的2. shrinkage /ˈʃrɪŋkɪdʒ/ n. 收缩，减少（高中核心扩展） 1. The sweater became shrunken after being washed in hot water.（毛衣用热水洗后缩水了。）2. The shrinkage of the Arctic ice cap is a serious environmental problem.（北极冰盖的缩小是严重的环境问题。） 14 investigation /ɪnˌvestɪˈɡeɪʃn/ n. 调查；探究 The police launched an investigation into the theft of the valuable painting.（警方对名贵画作被盗案展开调查。） 1. investigate /ɪnˈvestɪɡeɪt/ v. 调查，探究2. investigative /ɪnˈvestɪɡətɪv/ adj. 调查的，探究的 1. Detectives will investigate the accident to find out the cause.（侦探们将调查这起事故，查明原因。）2. She works as an investigative journalist, exposing social problems.（她是一名调查记者，揭露社会问题。） 15 shipwreck /ˈʃɪprek/ n. 失事的船；沉船；v. 使沉船 Divers found a 200-year-old shipwreck at the bottom of the sea.（潜水员在海底发现了一艘有200年历史的沉船。） 1. shipwreck /ˈʃɪprek/ v. 使沉船；使遭遇海难2. shipwrecked /ˈʃɪprekt/ adj. 遭遇海难的 1. A strong storm shipwrecked several fishing boats along the coast.（强风暴使沿海的几艘渔船失事。）2. The shipwrecked sailors were rescued by a passing cruise ship.（遭遇海难的水手被一艘途经的游轮救起。） 16 archaeological /ˌɑːkiəˈlɒdʒɪkl/ adj. 考古学的；考古的 The team made an important archaeological discovery in this ancient site.（团队在这个古遗址有了重大考古发现。） 1. archaeology /ˌɑːkiˈɒlədʒi/ n. 考古学2. archaeologist /ˌɑːkiˈɒlədʒɪst/ n. 考古学家 1. She studies archaeology at university and dreams of digging ancient tombs.（她在大学学习考古学，梦想挖掘古墓。）2. The archaeologist spent five years researching the history of this city.（这位考古学家花了五年时间研究这座城市的历史。） 17 upwards /ˈʌpwədz/ adv. 向上，朝上；往上 The temperature rose upwards to 35℃ during the afternoon.（下午气温升至35℃。） 1. upward /ˈʌpwəd/ adj. 向上的；上升的2. upward /ˈʌpwəd/ adv. 向上地（与upwards通用） 1. There is an upward trend in students’ English scores this year.（今年学生的英语成绩呈上升趋势。）2. She climbed upward along the mountain path, holding a walking stick.（她拄着拐杖，沿着山路向上攀登。） 18 equivalent /ɪˈkwɪvələnt/ adj. 等同的；等值的；n. 等同物 One kilometer is equivalent to 1,000 meters.（1公里等于1000米。） 1. equivalence /ɪˈkwɪvələns/ n. 等同，等值2. equivalently /ɪˈkwɪvələntli/ adv. 等同地，等值地 1. The equivalence of the two mathematical formulas was proved by the teacher.（老师证明了这两个数学公式的等价性。）2. These two materials can be used equivalently in this experiment.（这两种材料在该实验中可等效使用。） 19 stack /stæk/ v.（使）整齐地堆起；摞起；n. 堆 She stacked the textbooks neatly on her desk before leaving.（离开前，她把课本整齐地堆在桌上。） 1. stack /stæk/ n. 堆，摞；大量2. stacked /stækt/ adj. 堆叠的，堆满的 1. There is a stack of papers waiting for him to sign.（有一堆文件等着他签字。）2. The stacked boxes took up most of the space in the warehouse.（堆叠的箱子占据了仓库大部分空间。） 20 furthermore /ˌfɜːðəˈmɔː/ adv. 此外；而且 The new apartment is close to the subway; furthermore, it has a big balcony.（这套新公寓靠近地铁，而且还有一个大阳台。） 1. further /ˈfɜːðə/ adj. 更远的；更多的；额外的2. further /ˈfɜːðə/ v. 促进，推进 1. We need further information to make a final decision.（我们需要更多信息才能做最终决定。）2. Reading widely can further your understanding of the world.（广泛阅读能增进你对世界的了解。） 21 notable /ˈnəʊtəb(ə)l/ adj. 显要的；显著的；值得注意的 The scientist made a notable contribution to the treatment of cancer.（这位科学家在癌症治疗领域做出了显著贡献。） 1. notably /ˈnəʊtəbli/ adv. 显著地；尤其2. notability /ˌnəʊtəˈbɪləti/ n. 显著性；名人（高中核心扩展） 1. The team’s performance improved notably after the new coach joined.（新教练加入后，球队表现显著提升。）2. Her notability in the art field made her a guest judge of the competition.（她在艺术领域的声望使她成为比赛的客座评委。） 22 substance /ˈsʌbstəns/ n. 物质；实质；主旨 Water is a common substance that is essential for all living things.（水是常见物质，对所有生物都至关重要。） 1. substantial /səbˈstænʃl/ adj. 大量的；实质的；坚固的2. substantially /səbˈstænʃəli/ adv. 大量地；实质上 1. We received a substantial amount of support from local businesses.（我们从当地企业获得了大量支持。）2. The new policy has substantially improved people’s living conditions.（新政策极大地改善了人们的生活条件。） 23 drilling /ˈdrɪlɪŋ/ n. 钻探；勘探；训练 The drilling for oil in this area started last month and will last a year.（该地区的石油钻探工作上月启动，将持续一年。） 1. drill /drɪl/ v. 钻探；训练，操练2. drill /drɪl/ n. 钻头；训练，操练 1. Workers drill for water in the dry village to solve the shortage.（工人在干旱的村庄钻井取水，解决短缺问题。）2. The students had a fire drill at school to learn how to escape safely.（学生们在学校进行消防演练，学习安全逃生。） 24 vol (= volume) /ˈvɒljuːm/ n.（书的）卷，册；体积；音量 This history book has three vols, and the second vol focuses on the Tang Dynasty.（这套历史书共三卷，第二卷聚焦唐朝。） 1. volume /ˈvɒljuːm/ n. 体积；音量2. voluminous /vəˈluːmɪnəs/ adj. 大量的；厚的 1. We need to calculate the volume of the box to see if it fits in the car.（我们需要计算箱子的体积，看是否能放进车里。）2. He has a voluminous collection of ancient coins—over 5,000 pieces.（他收藏了大量古钱币，超过5000枚。） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $