内容正文:
UNIT 4 Everyday economics.同步词汇笔记
序号
单词
派生词
核心考点
单词速记
例句
1
forehead /ˈfɒrɪd/ n. 额,前额
无
1. on the forehead(在额头上)2. sweat on the forehead(额头的汗水)
拆分记忆:“fore(前面)+ head(头)”,字面即“头部前面的部位”
She has a small mole on her forehead.(她额头上有一颗小痣。)
2
blank /blæŋk/ adj. 无表情的,木然的
1. blankness /ˈblæŋknəs/ n. 空白;茫然2. blank v. 使空白
1. blank expression(木然的表情)2. blank mind(大脑一片空白)
联想记忆:“blank”表示“空白”,“无表情”即面部呈现“空白”状态
He stared at the news with a blank expression, unable to speak.(他木然地盯着那条消息,说不出话来。)
3
dizzy /ˈdɪzi/ adj. 头晕目眩的
dizziness /ˈdɪzinəs/ n. 头晕
1. feel dizzy(感到头晕)2. dizzy from sth(因……头晕,如dizzy from heat)
发音联想:“dizzy”音近“ dizz晕”,直接关联“头晕”的身体感受
She felt dizzy after standing in the sun for two hours.(在太阳下站了两小时后,她感到头晕。)
4
chairwoman /ˈtʃeəwʊmən/ n. 女主席;女会长
无
1. company chairwoman(公司女主席)2. meeting chairwoman(会议女主持人)
拆分记忆:“chair(主席)+ woman(女性)”,即“女性主席”
The chairwoman of the organization presided over the annual conference.(该组织的女主席主持了年度会议。)
5
sunrise /ˈsʌnraɪz/ n. 日出(时分);黎明
无
1. watch the sunrise(看日出)2. at sunrise(在日出时)
拆分记忆:“sun(太阳)+ rise(升起)”,字面即“太阳升起的时刻”
We got up at 4 a.m. to watch the sunrise from the top of the mountain.(我们凌晨4点起床,去山顶看日出。)
6
potential /pəˈtenʃl/ n.(事物的)潜力,可能性
potential /pəˈtenʃl/ adj. 潜在的
1. tap one's potential(挖掘某人的潜力)2. potential for development(发展潜力)
词根记忆:“potent(有力的)+ -ial”,“有潜在力量的”即“潜力”
Good teachers can help students tap their academic potential.(好的老师能帮助学生挖掘学术潜力。)
7
bug /bʌɡ/ n. 突然的兴趣,迷恋
无
1. have a bug for sth(对……有突然的兴趣,如have a bug for painting)2. catch the bug(产生兴趣)
引申记忆:“bug”原指“虫子”,比喻“像被虫子吸引一样产生兴趣”
He caught the bug for hiking after his first trip to the mountains.(第一次登山后,他对徒步产生了浓厚兴趣。)
8
enterprising /ˈentəpraɪzɪŋ/ adj. 有创业精神的;有进取心的
enterprise /ˈentəpraɪz/ n. 企业;事业心
1. enterprising person(有进取心的人)2. enterprising spirit(创业精神)
词根记忆:“enterprise(事业心)+ -ing”,“有事业心的”即“有进取心的”
The enterprising young man founded his own tech company at the age of 25.(这位有创业精神的年轻人25岁就创办了自己的科技公司。)
9
input /ˈɪnpʊt/ n. 投入(物);输入
无
1. input of time/money(时间/金钱投入)2. user input(用户输入)
拆分记忆:“in(进入)+ put(放置)”,“放进去的东西”即“投入物”
The project requires a large input of funds to ensure its success.(这个项目需要大量资金投入以确保成功。)
10
obstacle /ˈɒbstəkl/ n. 障碍,阻碍,妨碍
无
1. overcome an obstacle(克服障碍)2. obstacle to sth(……的障碍,如obstacle to progress)
发音联想:“obstacle”音近“ obstacle碍”,直接关联“阻碍”的含义
Language barrier is a major obstacle to his study abroad.(语言障碍是他出国留学的主要阻碍。)
11
phase /feɪz/ n. 阶段,时期
无
1. development phase(发展阶段)2. in the final phase(在最后阶段)
场景记忆:联想“项目分阶段推进”,“phase”即“每个推进阶段”
The research project is now in the testing phase, and results will be released soon.(这个研究项目目前处于测试阶段,结果即将公布。)
12
manufacturer /ˌmænjuˈfæktʃərə/ n. 制造商;制造公司
manufacture /ˌmænjuˈfæktʃə/ v. 制造;n. 制造
1. car manufacturer(汽车制造商)2. electronic manufacturer(电子制造商)
后缀记忆:“manufacture(制造,动词)+ -er(表“公司/人”)”,即“从事制造的公司”
This manufacturer is famous for producing eco-friendly household appliances.(这家制造商以生产环保家电闻名。)
13
cosmetics /kɒzˈmetɪks/ n. 化妆品,美容品
cosmetic /kɒzˈmetɪk/ adj. 化妆的;n. 化妆品(单数)
1. cosmetics industry(化妆品行业)2. buy cosmetics(购买化妆品)
单复数记忆:“cosmetic”表单个化妆品,“cosmetics”表化妆品总称
She works as a salesperson in the cosmetics section of a department store.(她在百货公司的化妆品区做销售员。)
14
purchase /ˈpɜːtʃəs/ v. 购买;n. 购买
purchaser /ˈpɜːtʃəsə/ n. 购买者
1. purchase sth for sb(为某人购买某物)2. make a purchase(购物,正式用语)
同义记忆:“purchase= buy”,侧重正式场合使用(如书面、商业)
He purchased a valuable painting for his mother as a birthday gift.(他为母亲买了一幅珍贵的画作为生日礼物。)
15
distribution /ˌdɪstrɪˈbjuːʃn/ n.(商品的)分销,经销
distribute /dɪˈstrɪbjuːt/ v. 分发;分销
1. distribution network(分销网络)2. distribution of goods(商品分销)
后缀记忆:“distribute(分销,动词)+ -ion(名词后缀)”,即“分销的过程”
The company has built a nationwide distribution network to sell its products.(该公司已建立全国性分销网络,用于销售产品。)
16
bonus /ˈbəʊnəs/ n. 奖金;红利
无
1. annual bonus(年终奖金)2. performance bonus(绩效奖金)
场景记忆:联想“企业年底发放奖金”,“bonus”即“额外奖励”
All employees received a generous annual bonus for the company's good performance.(因公司业绩良好,所有员工都获得了丰厚的年终奖金。)
17
entrepreneurial /ˌɒntrəprəˈnɜːriəl/ adj. 创业的,具有创业精神的
entrepreneur /ˌɒntrəprəˈnɜː/ n. 企业家
1. entrepreneurial spirit(创业精神)2. entrepreneurial project(创业项目)
词根记忆:“entrepreneur(企业家)+ -ial”,“与企业家相关的”即“创业的”
The university offers courses to cultivate students' entrepreneurial skills.(这所大学开设课程,培养学生的创业能力。)
18
guidance /ˈɡaɪdns/ n. 指导,引导
guide /ɡaɪd/ v. 指导;n. 向导
1. provide guidance(提供指导)2. guidance on sth(关于……的指导,如guidance on career)
后缀记忆:“guide(指导,动词)+ -ance(名词后缀)”,即“指导的行为”
Teachers should provide timely guidance to help students solve study problems.(老师应及时提供指导,帮助学生解决学习问题。)
19
consultant /kənˈsʌltənt/ n. 顾问
consult /kənˈsʌlt/ v. 咨询;商量
1. management consultant(管理顾问)2. consult with a consultant(咨询顾问)
后缀记忆:“consult(咨询,动词)+ -ant(表“人”)”,即“提供咨询的人”
The company hired a professional consultant to improve its operational efficiency.(该公司聘请了专业顾问,以提升运营效率。)
20
conventional /kənˈvenʃənl/ adj. 传统的,常规的
1. convention /kənˈvenʃn/ n. 传统;惯例2. unconventional /ˌʌnkənˈvenʃənl/ adj. 非传统的(反义词)
1. conventional methods(传统方法)2. conventional thinking(常规思维)
词根记忆:“convention(传统,名词)+ -al”,“符合传统的”即“传统的”
Compared with conventional teaching, online courses are more flexible.(与传统教学相比,在线课程更灵活。)
21
discriminate /dɪˈskrɪmɪneɪt/ v. 不公正地区别对待,歧视
discrimination /dɪˌskrɪmɪˈneɪʃn/ n. 歧视
discriminate against sb(歧视某人,如discriminate against the disabled)
搭配记忆:重点记“discriminate against”这一固定搭配,表“歧视”
It is illegal to discriminate against employees based on their gender or age.(基于性别或年龄歧视员工是违法的。)
22
equator /ɪˈkweɪtə/ n. 赤道
无
1. near the equator(在赤道附近)2. cross the equator(穿过赤道)
地理记忆:结合地理知识,“赤道”是地球南北半球的分界线
Countries near the equator have a hot and humid climate all year round.(赤道附近的国家全年气候炎热潮湿。)
23
estate /ɪˈsteɪt/ n. 庄园;房地产
estate agent /ɪˈsteɪt eɪdʒənt/ n. 房地产经纪人
1. country estate(乡村庄园)2. real estate(房地产,常用搭配)
场景记忆:“estate”可指“大片地产(庄园)”,也可搭配“real”表“房地产”
They spent their weekends at their country estate in the countryside.(他们周末在乡下的乡村庄园度过。)
24
superior /suːˈpɪəriə/ adj. 质量上乘的,优质的
1. superiority /suːˌpɪəriˈɒrəti/ n. 优越性2. inferior /ɪnˈfɪəriə/ adj. 劣质的(反义词)
1. superior quality(优质)2. superior to sth(比……好,如superior to other brands)
词根记忆:“super(超级)+ -ior”,“超级好的”即“优质的”
This brand of milk is superior to others in terms of taste and nutrition.(这个品牌的牛奶在口感和营养上都优于其他品牌。)
25
mild /maɪld/ adj. 不浓烈的,淡的;温和的
mildly /ˈmaɪldli/ adv. 轻微地;温和地
1. mild taste(味道淡的)2. mild weather(温和的天气)
场景记忆:“淡的”如“淡茶”,“温和的”如“温和的春天”,多场景辅助记忆
She prefers mild tea because strong tea makes her stomach uncomfortable.(她喜欢喝淡茶,因为浓茶会让她肠胃不适。)
26
calorie /ˈkæləri/ n. 卡(路里)(能量单位)
无
1. calorie intake(卡路里摄入)2. low-calorie food(低卡路里食物)
生活记忆:联想“减肥时关注卡路里摄入”,“calorie”即“热量单位”
This kind of snack is low-calorie, so it is popular among dieters.(这种零食是低卡路里的,因此很受减肥人群欢迎。)
27
subjective /səbˈdʒektɪv/ adj. 主观的
1. subjectivity /ˌsʌbdʒekˈtɪvəti/ n. 主观性2. objective /əbˈdʒektɪv/ adj. 客观的(反义词)
1. subjective opinion(主观意见)2. subjective judgment(主观判断)
词根记忆:“subject(主体)+ -ive”,“基于主体感受的”即“主观的”
Whether this painting is beautiful is a subjective opinion—different people have different views.(这幅画是否好看是主观意见,不同人有不同看法。)
28
freshman /ˈfreʃmən/ n.(高中或大学的)一年级学生
freshmen /ˈfreʃmən/ n. 一年级学生(复数)
1. college freshman(大学一年级学生)2. high school freshman(高中一年级学生)
拆分记忆:“fresh(新鲜的,指“新入学的”)+ man(人)”,复数为“freshmen”
As a college freshman, she is still getting used to the campus life.(作为大学一年级学生,她还在适应校园生活。)
29
make ends meet 使收支仅能相抵
无(短语)
struggle to make ends meet(努力使收支相抵)
比喻记忆:“ends”指“收入和支出两端”,“meet”指“两端持平”,即“收支相抵”
The single mother worked two jobs to struggle to make ends meet.(这位单亲妈妈打两份工,努力使家庭收支相抵。)
30
afloat /əˈfləʊt/ adj. 经济上周转得开的;不欠债的
无
1. keep afloat(保持经济周转)2. stay afloat(维持运营,指企业)
比喻记忆:“afloat”原指“漂浮”,经济上“漂浮”即“不陷入困境,周转得开”
The small restaurant managed to stay afloat during the economic downturn.(这家小餐馆在经济下行期间勉强维持运营。)
31
interfere /ˌɪntəˈfɪə/ v. 介入;干涉
interference /ˌɪntəˈfɪərəns/ n. 干涉
interfere in sth(干涉某事,如interfere in others' private affairs)
搭配记忆:“interfere in”表“干涉(他人事务)”,区别于“interfere with(妨碍)”
Parents should not interfere in their children's personal friendships too much.(父母不应过多干涉孩子的私人友谊。)
32
interfere with 妨碍,阻止
无(短语)
interfere with work/study(妨碍工作/学习)
搭配记忆:“interfere with”后接“事物”,表“对某事造成妨碍”
Loud noise from the construction site interfered with our study.(建筑工地的噪音妨碍了我们的学习。)
33
rational /ˈræʃnəl/ adj.(想法、决定等)合理的,基于理性的
1. rationality /ˌræʃəˈnæləti/ n. 合理性2. irrational /ɪˈræʃənl/ adj. 不合理的(反义词)
1. rational decision(合理的决定)2. rational thinking(理性思考)
词根记忆:“ratio(理性)+ -nal”,“基于理性的”即“合理的”
Before making a choice, we should do rational thinking instead of acting on impulse.(做选择前,我们应理性思考,而非冲动行事。)
34
exceed /ɪkˈsiːd/ v. 超过,超出
1. excess /ɪkˈses/ n. 超过;过量2. exceeding /ɪkˈsiːdɪŋ/ adj. 超过的
1. exceed the limit(超过限度)2. exceed expectations(超出预期)
发音联想:“exceed”音近“ 超过”,直接关联“超越界限”的含义
The total cost of the project exceeded our budget by 10%.(这个项目的总成本超出了我们的预算10%。)
35
go into debt 陷入债务之中,负债
debt /det/ n. 债务
go into heavy debt(陷入沉重债务)
拆分记忆:“go into(进入)+ debt(债务)”,即“进入债务状态”
He went into heavy debt because of his failed investment in the stock market.(由于股票投资失败,他陷入了沉重债务。)
36
financial /faɪˈnænʃl/ adj. 财政的,金融的;财务的
finance /ˈfaɪnæns/ n. 金融;财务;v. 提供资金
1. financial problem(财务问题)2. financial support(财务支持)
词根记忆:“finance(财务,名词)+ -ial”,“与财务相关的”即“财务的”
The company is facing serious financial problems and may lay off some employees.(该公司面临严重的财务问题,可能会裁员。)
37
accumulate /əˈkjuːmjəleɪt/ v. 积累,积聚
accumulation /əˌkjuːmjuˈleɪʃn/ n. 积累
1. accumulate experience(积累经验)2. accumulate wealth(积累财富)
词根记忆:“ac-(加强)+ cumulate(堆积)”,“不断堆积”即“积累”
Through years of hard work, he accumulated rich experience in project management.(经过多年努力,他积累了丰富的项目管理经验。)
38
automatically /ˌɔːtəˈmætɪkli/ adv. 自动地
automatic /ˌɔːtəˈmætɪk/ adj. 自动的;n. 自动装置
1. start automatically(自动启动)2. shut down automatically(自动关机)
后缀记忆:“automatic(自动的,形容词)+ -ally(副词后缀)”,即“自动地”
The air conditioner will shut down automatically when the room temperature reaches 26℃.(当室温达到26℃时,空调会自动关机。)
39
toddler /ˈtɒdlə/ n. 学步的儿童,刚学走路的小孩
toddle /ˈtɒdl/ v. 蹒跚学步
1. toddler shoes(学步鞋)2. little toddler(小学步儿童)
词根记忆:“toddle(蹒跚走,动词)+ -er(表“人”)”,“蹒跚学步的人”即“学步儿童”
The little toddler is learning to walk, holding onto his mother's hand.(这个小学步儿童正抓着妈妈的手学走路。)
40
sorrow /ˈsɒrəʊ/ n. 令人悲伤的事,不幸;悲伤
sorrowful /ˈsɒrəʊfl/ adj. 悲伤的
1. deep sorrow(深深的悲伤)2. sorrow at sth(因……悲伤,如sorrow at the loss)
发音联想:“sorrow”音近“ 悲伤”,直接关联“令人难过的事”
All her friends expressed their deep sorrow at the loss of her father.(得知她父亲去世,所有朋友都表达了深深的悲伤。)
41
frustration /frʌˈstreɪʃn/ n. 懊丧,懊恼,沮丧
1. frustrate /frʌˈstreɪt/ v. 使沮丧2. frustrated /frʌˈstreɪtɪd/ adj. 沮丧的
1. feel frustration(感到沮丧)2. frustration with sth(对……的沮丧,如frustration with delays)
后缀记忆:“frustrate(使沮丧,动词)+ -ion(名词后缀)”,即“沮丧的情绪”
He couldn't hide his frustration with the constant delays of the project.(他无法掩饰对项目频繁延期的沮丧。)
42
hire /ˈhaɪə/ v.(短期的)租用,租借;雇佣
hire /ˈhaɪə/ n. 租用;雇佣
1. hire a car/bike(租汽车/自行车)2. hire sth for + 时间(租用某物一段时间)
场景记忆:“短期租用”如“租车、租工具”,区别于“rent”(可长期)
They hired a bike for a day to tour around the ancient town.(他们租了一辆自行车,用一天时间游览古镇。)
43
designer clothes 名牌服装
designer /dɪˈzaɪnə/ n. 设计师;adj. 名牌的
1. wear designer clothes(穿名牌服装)2. buy designer clothes(买名牌服装)
拆分记忆:“designer(设计师)+ clothes(衣服)”,“设计师设计的高端衣服”即“名牌服装”
She doesn't like to wear designer clothes; she prefers comfortable casual wear.(她不喜欢穿名牌服装,更偏爱舒适的休闲装。)
44
rent out 出租(房屋、房间、土地等)
rent /rent/ v. 租用;n. 租金
1. rent out a house(出租房子)2. rent out a room(出租房间)
方向记忆:“rent”表“租入”,“rent out”表“租出”,强调“向外租”
He rents out the spare room in his apartment to earn extra income.(他把公寓里的闲置房间出租,以赚取额外收入。)
45
thereby /ˌðeəˈbaɪ/ adv. 因此,由此
无
thereby + doing sth(因此做某事,表结果)
同义记忆:“thereby= therefore”,正式书面用语,连接因果关系
He improved the production process, thereby reducing the cost by 20%.(他改进了生产流程,因此将成本降低了20%。)
46
supervision /ˌsuːpəˈvɪʒn/ n. 监督;管理
supervise /ˈsuːpəvaɪz/ v. 监督;管理
1. under supervision(在监督下)2. close supervision(严密监督)
后缀记忆:“supervise(监督,动词)+ -ion(名词后缀)”,即“监督的过程”
The workers are required to operate the machine under the engineer's supervision.(工人必须在工程师的监督下操作这台机器。)
47
expense /ɪkˈspens/ n. 费用,花费
expensive /ɪkˈspensɪv/ adj. 昂贵的
1. daily expenses(日常费用)2. travel expenses(差旅费)
词根记忆:“expense(费用)”→“expensive(花费多的)”,即“昂贵的”
She keeps a record of her daily expenses to manage her money better.(她记录日常费用,以便更好地理财。)
48
at the expense of 以损害……为代价
无(短语)
at the expense of health/time(以健康/时间为代价)
拆分记忆:“expense(代价)+ of(……的)”,即“以牺牲……为代价”
Some people pursue career success at the expense of their health.(有些人追求事业成功,却以损害健康为代价。)
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abuse /əˈbjuːs/ n. 滥用;虐待
abuse /əˈbjuːz/ v. 滥用;虐待
1. abuse of power(权力滥用)2. drug abuse(药物滥用)
多义记忆:“滥用”(权力、药物)和“虐待”(人、动物)是核心义,结合搭配记忆
The government has taken measures to prevent the abuse of public power.(政府已采取措施防止滥用公共权力。)
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theft /θeft/ n. 偷窃,偷盗
1. thief /θiːf/ n. 小偷(复数:thieves /θiːvz/)2. thieve /θiːv/ v. 偷窃
1. report a theft(报案偷窃)2. car theft(汽车盗窃)
词根记忆:“thief(小偷)→ theft(偷窃行为)”,注意“thief”的复数是“thieves”
A theft occurred in the supermarket last night, and several mobile phones were stolen.(昨晚超市发生偷窃事件,多部手机被盗。)
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purse /pɜːs/ n.(女式)钱包
无
1. lose one's purse(丢钱包)2. carry a purse(带钱包)
区分记忆:“purse”指“女式钱包”,“wallet”指“男式钱包”
She realized she had lost her purse when she wanted to pay for the coffee.(想买咖啡付款时,她才发现钱包丢了。)
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