Unit4 Everyday economics 词汇拓展短语背记（二）-2025-2026学年高中英语外研版选择性必修第四册

UNIT 4 Everyday economics.词汇拓展短语背记（二） 序号 短语或句型 意思 例句（中英对照） 1 low-calorie food 低卡路里食物 1. Many people on a diet choose low-calorie food like lettuce and cucumber.（很多节食的人会选择生菜、黄瓜这类低卡路里食物。）2. This brand of yogurt is promoted as low-calorie food, popular among young people.（这个品牌的酸奶以低卡路里食物为卖点，很受年轻人欢迎。） 2 count calories 计算卡路里 1. She counts calories every day to control her weight.（她每天计算卡路里，以控制体重。）2. Counting calories helps you understand how much energy you take in each day.（计算卡路里能帮你了解每天摄入的能量。） 3 burn calories through exercise 通过运动燃烧卡路里 1. You can burn a lot of calories through exercise like running or swimming.（通过跑步、游泳等运动，你能燃烧大量卡路里。）2. She goes to the gym three times a week to burn calories through exercise.（她每周去三次健身房，通过运动燃烧卡路里。） 4 subjective opinion 主观意见 1. Whether this book is good or not is just a subjective opinion.（这本书好不好只是主观意见。）2. We should listen to others’ subjective opinions and then make our own judgment.（我们应听取他人的主观意见，再做出自己的判断。） 5 subjective judgment 主观判断 1. His choice was based on subjective judgment, not objective facts.（他的选择基于主观判断，而非客观事实。）2. To avoid mistakes, we should reduce the impact of subjective judgment in work.（为避免失误，我们应减少工作中主观判断的影响。） 6 the view is too subjective 这个观点太主观了 1. Your view on this issue is too subjective—you need to consider more facts.（你对这个问题的观点太主观了，需要考虑更多事实。）2. The teacher pointed out that his analysis was too subjective and lacked evidence.（老师指出他的分析太主观，缺乏证据。） 7 college freshman 大学新生 1. College freshmen usually need a orientation week to get familiar with the campus.（大学新生通常需要一周的入学指导来熟悉校园。）2. My sister became a college freshman this year and is excited about her new life.（我妹妹今年成为大学新生，对新生活充满期待。） 8 freshman year 大一学年 1. Freshman year is a critical period to build a solid academic foundation.（大一学年是打下坚实学业基础的关键时期。）2. He joined the debate club in his freshman year and improved his public speaking skills.（他在大一学年加入辩论社，提升了公开演讲能力。） 9 help a new freshman 帮助新来的一年级学生 1. The school organizes senior students to help new freshmen adapt to school life.（学校组织高年级学生帮助新来的一年级学生适应校园生活。）2. I volunteered to help a new freshman carry his luggage to the dormitory.（我主动帮新来的一年级学生把行李搬到宿舍。） 10 struggle to make ends meet 努力使收支相抵 1. The poor family has to struggle to make ends meet with only one income.（这个贫困家庭只有一份收入，不得不努力使收支相抵。）2. During the pandemic, many small business owners struggled to make ends meet.（疫情期间，很多小企业主努力使收支相抵。） 11 manage to make ends meet 设法做到收支平衡 1. By cutting unnecessary expenses, she managed to make ends meet.（通过削减不必要的开支，她设法做到了收支平衡。）2. He works a part-time job in the evening and manages to make ends meet.（他晚上做兼职，设法做到了收支平衡。） 12 find it hard to make ends meet 觉得难以维持收支相抵 1. With the rising cost of living, more people find it hard to make ends meet.（随着生活成本上涨，越来越多人觉得难以维持收支相抵。）2. The single father finds it hard to make ends meet while raising two children.（这位单亲父亲要抚养两个孩子，觉得难以维持收支相抵。） 13 keep the company afloat 使公司维持运转不欠债 1. The CEO took urgent measures to keep the company afloat during the crisis.（危机期间，CEO采取紧急措施使公司维持运转不欠债。）2. A small loan from the bank helped keep the family business afloat.（银行的一笔小额贷款帮助这家家族企业维持运转不欠债。） 14 stay afloat during hard times 在困难时期保持经济周转 1. The restaurant stayed afloat during hard times by offering takeout services.（这家餐厅通过提供外卖服务，在困难时期保持经济周转。）2. Saving money in advance helps families stay afloat during hard times.（提前存钱能帮助家庭在困难时期保持经济周转。） 15 be barely afloat financially 经济上勉强周转得开 1. The small shop is barely afloat financially and may close next month.（这家小店经济上勉强周转得开，下个月可能倒闭。）2. After paying the rent and utilities, we are barely afloat financially this month.（付完房租和水电费后，我们这个月经济上勉强周转得开。） 16 interfere in others' affairs 干涉别人的事务 1. It’s rude to interfere in others’ personal affairs without being asked.（未经允许干涉别人的私人事务是不礼貌的。）2. Parents should not interfere in their children’s friendship affairs.（父母不应干涉孩子的交友事务。） 17 not interfere with their decision 不介入他们的决定 1. As advisors, we can offer suggestions but not interfere with their final decision.（作为顾问，我们可以提供建议，但不介入他们的最终决定。）2. The government decided not to interfere with the company’s internal decision.（政府决定不介入这家公司的内部决定。） 18 interfere in the dispute 介入这场争端 1. The teacher had to interfere in the dispute between the two students to prevent a fight.（老师不得不介入两个学生的争端，防止打架。）2. The United Nations decided to interfere in the regional dispute to maintain peace.（联合国决定介入这场地区争端，维护和平。） 19 interfere with work 妨碍工作 1. Constant phone calls from home interfere with my work efficiency.（家里频繁的电话妨碍我的工作效率。）2. The loud construction noise next door interferes with our office work.（隔壁施工的噪音很大，妨碍我们的办公室工作。） 20 noise interferes with sleep 噪音影响睡眠 1. The traffic noise outside the window interferes with my sleep every night.（窗外的交通噪音每晚都影响我的睡眠。）2. She wears earplugs because she knows noise interferes with sleep.（她知道噪音影响睡眠，所以戴耳塞。） 21 don't interfere with his study 不要妨碍他的学习 1. Please don’t make loud noises—don’t interfere with his study.（请不要大声喧哗，不要妨碍他的学习。）2. His little sister likes to play around him, but we tell her not to interfere with his study.（他的小妹妹喜欢在他身边玩，但我们告诉她不要妨碍他的学习。） 22 rational decision 合理的决定 1. After comparing all options, she made a rational decision to study abroad.（对比所有选项后，她做出了出国留学的合理决定。）2. A rational decision should consider both advantages and disadvantages.（合理的决定应兼顾利弊。） 23 rational thinking 理性思考 1. Rational thinking helps us solve problems more effectively.（理性思考帮助我们更有效地解决问题。）2. We should cultivate rational thinking from an early age instead of acting on impulse.（我们应从小培养理性思考，而非冲动行事。） 24 make a rational choice 做出理性的选择 1. When choosing a major, you should make a rational choice based on your interests and strengths.（选专业时，你应根据兴趣和优势做出理性的选择。）2. He made a rational choice to save money instead of buying an expensive phone.（他做出理性的选择，存钱而不是买昂贵的手机。） 25 exceed the speed limit 超过限速 1. The driver was given a ticket because he exceeded the speed limit by 20 km/h.（这位司机因超过限速20公里/小时而收到罚单。）2. Exceeding the speed limit in school zones is very dangerous for children.（在学校区域超过限速对孩子来说非常危险。） 26 exceed one's expectations 超出某人的预期 1. Her performance in the exam exceeded her teacher’s expectations.（她的考试成绩超出了老师的预期。）2. The quality of this product exceeded my expectations—I’m very satisfied.（这款产品的质量超出我的预期，我很满意。） 27 the cost exceeds the budget 成本超出预算 1. The cost of building the new library exceeds the budget by 10%.（新建图书馆的成本超出预算10%。）2. We need to reduce some items because the cost exceeds the budget.（因为成本超出预算，我们需要削减一些项目。） 28 go into heavy debt 陷入沉重债务 1. He went into heavy debt to buy a luxury house and now struggles to repay it.（他为买豪宅陷入沉重债务，现在很难偿还。）2. The company went into heavy debt after investing in a failed project.（这家公司因投资失败项目陷入沉重债务。） 29 have to go into debt to buy a car 不得不负债买车 1. He has to go into debt to buy a car because he needs it for work.（他因为工作需要，不得不负债买车。）2. Many young people have to go into debt to buy a car in big cities.（在大城市，很多年轻人不得不负债买车。） 30 avoid going into debt 避免陷入债务 1. We should make a monthly budget to avoid going into debt.（我们应做月度预算，避免陷入债务。）2. He only buys what he can afford to avoid going into debt.（他只买负担得起的东西，避免陷入债务。） 31 financial problems 财务问题 1. The company is trying to solve its financial problems by attracting new investors.（这家公司正通过吸引新投资者来解决财务问题。）2. His family faced financial problems after his father lost his job.（父亲失业后，他的家庭面临财务问题。） 32 financial support 经济支持 1. The government provides financial support for poor college students.（政府为贫困大学生提供经济支持。）2. Her parents gave her financial support to start her small business.（父母为她创业提供了经济支持。） 33 financial crisis 金融危机 1. The 2008 financial crisis affected economies around the world.（2008年金融危机影响了全球经济。）2. We learned about the causes of the financial crisis in economics class.（我们在经济学课上学过金融危机的成因。） 34 accumulate experience 积累经验 1. Young people should accumulate work experience through internships.（年轻人应通过实习积累工作经验。）2. She accumulated rich teaching experience after working in the school for 10 years.（在学校工作10年后，她积累了丰富的教学经验。） 35 accumulate wealth over time 随着时间积累财富 1. It’s wise to save and invest regularly to accumulate wealth over time.（定期储蓄和投资，随着时间积累财富，是明智的做法。）2. His grandparents accumulated wealth over time by running a small shop.（他的祖父母通过开小店，随着时间积累了财富。） 36 dust accumulates on the shelf 架子上积了灰尘 1. Dust accumulates on the shelf easily if you don’t clean it regularly.（如果不经常打扫，架子上很容易积灰尘。）2. She wiped the dust that accumulated on the old bookshelf.（她擦掉了旧书架上积的灰尘。） 37 the door opens automatically 门自动打开 1. The hotel’s front door opens automatically when guests walk near it.（客人走近时，酒店的前门会自动打开。）2. This smart door opens automatically with a facial recognition system.（这款智能门通过人脸识别系统自动打开。） 38 automatically save the file 自动保存文件 1. This software can automatically save the file every 10 minutes to prevent data loss.（这款软件每10分钟会自动保存文件，防止数据丢失。）2. Remember to turn on the function that automatically saves the file when using the computer.（用电脑时，记得开启自动保存文件的功能。） 39 the machine starts automatically 机器自动启动 1. The coffee machine starts automatically at 7 a.m. every morning.（咖啡机每天早上7点自动启动。）2. This factory machine starts automatically when the raw materials are ready.（当原材料准备好时，这台工厂机器会自动启动。） 40 toddler learning to walk 学走路的小孩 1. The toddler learning to walk held his mother’s hand and took small steps.（这个学走路的小孩拉着妈妈的手，迈着小步子。）2. We need to put soft mats on the floor to protect the toddler learning to walk.（我们需要在地板上铺软垫，保护学走路的小孩。） 41 take care of a toddler 照顾学步儿童 1. Her aunt asked her to take care of a toddler while she went shopping.（她姑姑去购物时，让她帮忙照顾学步儿童。）2. Taking care of a toddler is tiring but full of joy.（照顾学步儿童很累，但充满乐趣。） 42 toddler's favorite toys 学步小孩最喜欢的玩具 1. Blocks and toy cars are usually a toddler's favorite toys.（积木和玩具车通常是学步小孩最喜欢的玩具。）2. She bought a set of soft dolls as a toddler's favorite toys.（她买了一套软 dolls 作为学步小孩最喜欢的玩具。） 43 deep sorrow 深切的悲痛 1. The whole family was in deep sorrow when their grandfather passed away.（爷爷去世时，全家人都沉浸在深切的悲痛中。）2. She expressed deep sorrow for the victims of the natural disaster.（她对自然灾害的遇难者表达了深切的悲痛。） 44 share one's sorrow 分担某人的悲伤 1. True friends will share your sorrow when you are in trouble.（真正的朋友会在你遇到困难时分担你的悲伤。）2. She sat with her friend and listened quietly to share her sorrow.（她坐在朋友身边，静静倾听，分担她的悲伤。） 45 the sorrow of losing a friend 失去朋友的悲痛 1. He couldn’t get over the sorrow of losing a friend in the accident.（他无法从事故中失去朋友的悲痛中走出来。）2. The poem expresses the author’s sorrow of losing a close friend.（这首诗表达了作者失去亲密朋友的悲痛。） 46 feel frustration at failure 因失败感到沮丧 1. Don’t feel frustration at temporary failure—keep trying.（别因暂时的失败感到沮丧，继续努力。）2. He felt great frustration at his failure to pass the driving test.（驾照考试没通过，他感到非常沮丧。） 47 express one's frustration 表达懊恼之情 1. She shouted loudly to express her frustration at the broken computer.（电脑坏了，她大声喊叫表达懊恼之情。）2. He wrote a diary to express his frustration about his study progress.（他写日记，表达对学习进度的懊恼之情。） 48 overcome frustration 克服沮丧情绪 1. Listening to music helps her overcome frustration after a bad day.（度过糟糕的一天后，听音乐帮她克服沮丧情绪。）2. With the help of his teacher, he learned to overcome frustration and stay positive.（在老师的帮助下，他学会了克服沮丧情绪，保持积极。） 49 hire a car for a week 租一辆车一周 1. We plan to hire a car for a week to travel along the coastal road.（我们计划租一辆车，用一周时间沿滨海公路旅行。）2. It’s cheaper to hire a car for a week than to take taxis every day.（租一辆车一周比每天打车更便宜。） 50 hire a house during the holiday 假期租一套房子 1. They hire a house near the beach during the summer holiday every year.（他们每年暑假都会在海边租一套房子。）2. Hiring a house during the holiday allows you to live more comfortably than staying in a hotel.（假期租一套房子比住酒店更舒适。） 51 hire equipment for the event 为活动租用设备 1. The school hired sound and lighting equipment for the graduation event.（学校为毕业活动租用了音响和灯光设备。）2. We need to hire chairs and tables for the company’s annual event.（我们需要为公司年会租用桌椅设备。） 52 wear designer clothes 穿名牌服装 1. She likes to wear designer clothes to show off her family’s wealth.（她喜欢穿名牌服装炫耀家里的财富。）2. Wearing designer clothes doesn’t make a person more respectable.（穿名牌服装不会让人更受尊重。） 53 buy expensive designer clothes 买昂贵的名牌服装 1. He saves money for months to buy expensive designer clothes.（他攒几个月的钱买昂贵的名牌服装。）2. Her parents don’t agree with her buying expensive designer clothes with pocket money.（她父母不赞成她用零花钱买昂贵的名牌服装。） 54 collection of designer clothes 名牌服装收藏 1. She has a large collection of designer clothes in her wardrobe.（她的衣柜里有大量名牌服装收藏。）2. His collection of designer clothes includes many limited-edition pieces.（他的名牌服装收藏中有很多限量款。） 55 rent out a spare room 出租闲置的房间 1. He rents out a spare room to a medical student to cover part of the rent.（他把闲置的房间租给医学生，抵消部分房租。）2. Renting out a spare room is a good way to earn extra income.（出租闲置的房间是赚取外快的好方法。） 56 rent out the house to a family 把房子租给一个家庭 1. They moved to another city and rent out their old house to a young family.（他们搬到另一个城市，把老房子租给了一个年轻家庭。）2. Before renting out the house to a family, check their identity and credit.（把房子租给一个家庭前，要核实他们的身份和信用。） 57 earn money by renting out property 通过出租房产赚钱 1. His parents earn money by renting out properties they own.（他父母通过出租名下的房产赚钱。）2. Earning money by renting out property requires managing tenants well.（通过出租房产赚钱需要妥善管理租客。） 58 reduce costs thereby 从而降低成本 1. We can reuse packaging materials, thereby reducing costs.（我们可以重复使用包装材料，从而降低成本。）2. The new production line saves raw materials, thereby reducing costs significantly.（新生产线节省原材料，从而大幅降低成本。） 59 improve efficiency thereby 由此提高效率 1. The company introduced new software to simplify processes, thereby improving efficiency.（公司引入新软件简化流程，由此提高效率。）2. Training employees regularly helps them master skills, thereby improving efficiency.（定期培训员工帮助他们掌握技能，由此提高效率。） 60 he studied hard, thereby passing the exam 他努力学习，因此通过了考试 1. He studied hard every night, thereby passing the final exam.（他每晚努力学习，因此通过了期末考试。）2. She practiced speaking English for an hour daily, thereby passing the oral test.（她每天练习一小时英语口语，因此通过了口语考试。） 61 under the supervision of a teacher 在老师的监督下 1. The students did chemical experiments under the supervision of a teacher.（学生们在老师的监督下做化学实验。）2. Under the supervision of a teacher, the children finished their group project on time.（在老师的监督下，孩子们按时完成了小组项目。） 62 strict supervision of the project 对项目的严格管理 1. Strict supervision of the project ensures that it is completed on schedule.（对项目的严格管理确保它按时完成。）2. The manager implemented strict supervision of the project to avoid mistakes.（经理对项目实施严格管理，避免失误。） 63 provide supervision for the workers 为工人提供监督 1. The foreman’s job is to provide supervision for the workers on the construction site.（工头的工作是为建筑工地上的工人提供监督。）2. The company hired a professional team to provide supervision for the workers.（公司雇佣了专业团队为工人提供监督。） 64 travel expenses 差旅费 1. The company reimburses employees for all reasonable travel expenses.（公司为员工报销所有合理的差旅费。）2. She kept all receipts to apply for travel expenses reimbursement.（她保留了所有收据，以便申请差旅费报销。） 65 cover the expense 支付费用 1. My uncle offered to cover the expense of my summer camp.（我叔叔主动提出支付我夏令营的费用。）2. The scholarship covers the expense of tuition and accommodation.（这笔奖学金支付学费和住宿费。） 66 cut down on expenses 削减开支 1. We need to cut down on expenses like eating out to save money.（我们需要削减外出就餐等开支来存钱。）2. The company had to cut down on expenses by reducing business trips.（公司不得不通过减少出差来削减开支。） 67 gain success at the expense of health 以健康为代价获得成功 1. No one should gain success at the expense of their physical and mental health.（任何人都不应以身心健康为代价获得成功。）2. He worked 16 hours a day to gain success at the expense of his health.（他每天工作16小时，以健康为代价获得了成功。） 68 develop economy at the expense of the environment 以环境为代价发展经济 1. We should not develop economy at the expense of the environment—sustainable development is key.（我们不应以环境为代价发展经济，可持续发展才是关键。）2. Some countries once developed economy at the expense of the environment and now face serious pollution.（一些国家曾以环境为代价发展经济，现在面临严重污染。） 69 he achieved fame at the expense of his family 他以家庭为代价博得了名声 1. He spent all his time on work and achieved fame at the expense of his family.（他把所有时间都花在工作上，以家庭为代价博得了名声。）2. No fame is worth achieving at the expense of family happiness.（没有任何名声值得以家庭幸福为代价去博取。） 70 abuse of power 滥用权力 1. The official was punished for abuse of power and taking bribes.（这位官员因滥用权力和受贿受到惩罚。）2. The law strictly prohibits any abuse of power by government officials.（法律严格禁止政府官员滥用权力。） 71 drug abuse 药物滥用 1. Drug abuse is harmful to both physical and mental health.（药物滥用对身心健康都有害。）2. The school holds lectures to educate students about the dangers of drug abuse.（学校举办讲座，教育学生了解药物滥用的危害。） 72 abuse of public funds 滥用公款 1. The accountant was arrested for abuse of public funds.（这位会计因滥用公款被捕。）2. Strict audit systems can prevent the abuse of public funds.（严格的审计制度能防止滥用公款。） 73 report a theft to the police 向警方报案偷窃 1. She immediately reported the theft of her wallet to the police.（钱包被偷后，她立即向警方报了案。）2. If you witness a theft, you should report it to the police as soon as possible.（如果目睹偷窃行为，应尽快向警方报案。） 74 car theft 汽车盗窃 1. Car theft is more common in areas with poor security.（在安保差的地区，汽车盗窃更常见。）2. Installing a GPS tracker can help prevent car theft.（安装GPS追踪器有助于防止汽车盗窃。） 75 prevent theft in the store 防止商店里的偷窃行为 1. The store installed surveillance cameras to prevent theft.（这家商店安装了监控摄像头防止偷窃行为。）2. Shop assistants should be alert to prevent theft in the store.（店员应保持警惕，防止商店里的偷窃行为。） 76 lose one's purse 丢了钱包 1. She cried because she lost her purse with her ID card and bank cards.（她因为丢了装着身份证和银行卡的钱包而哭了。）2. He lost his purse on the bus and asked the driver for help.（他在公交车上丢了钱包，向司机求助。） 77 take money from the purse 从钱包里拿钱 1. She took some money from her purse to buy a bottle of water.（她从钱包里拿了些钱买了一瓶水。）2. The little girl learned to take money from her purse and pay for small things.（小女孩学会了从钱包里拿钱买小东西。） 78 small purse for coins 装硬币的小钱包 1. She carries a small purse for coins in her bag.（她包里放着一个装硬币的小钱包。）2. My grandmother gave me a small purse for coins as a birthday gift.（奶奶给了我一个装硬币的小钱包作为生日礼物。） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $