专题01 被动语态和情态动词（期中复习讲义）九年级英语上学期鲁教版五四学制

专题01 被动语态与情态动词（期中复习讲义） 复习目标 1.熟练掌握一般过去时的被动语态的定义、结构、句型转换及应用场景。 2.准确区分 “should”“must”“can/could” 等情态动词表允许、建议、推测时的用法及语气差异。 3.能在具体语境中灵活运用三大语法点解决单选、语法填空、句型转换等题型。 单元 语法点 常考题型 命题趋势 Unit 1-3 被动语态（一般现在时、一般过去时） 情态动词表推测（must, might, could, can’t） 单项选择、语法填空、完成句子 1. 情境化突出：结合发明、规则、物品归属等真实语境考查语法。 2. 注重逻辑推理：情态动词表推测题增多，强调语境理解。 3. 综合性强：常与阅读、写作结合，考查语言运用能力。 知识点 01 一般过去时的被动语态（Unit 1） 一、定义 表示过去某个时间里，主语被施加的动作或所处的被动状态。主语是动作的承受者，而非执行者。 例句： The light bulb was invented by Edison.（电灯泡是爱迪生发明的。） These books were bought yesterday.（这些书是昨天被买的。） 二、基本结构 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + was/were + 动词的过去分词 + （by + 动作执行者） The kite was made by my sister.（这个风筝是我姐姐做的。） 否定句 主语 + was/were + not + 动词的过去分词 + （by + 动作执行者） The letter was not written by him.（这封信不是他写的。） 一般疑问句 Was/Were + 主语 + 动词的过去分词 + （by + 动作执行者）？ Were the desks cleaned just now?（桌子刚才被打扫了吗？） 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 动词的过去分词 + （by + 动作执行者）？ When was the computer invented?（电脑是何时被发明的？） 三、关键要点 be 动词的选择：根据主语的单复数及人称确定用 was（单数 / 不可数名词）或 were（复数）。 单数主语：The car was repaired. 复数主语：The flowers were watered. 动词过去分词变化：规则变化在动词原形后加 - ed（如：invent→invented）；不规则变化需特殊记忆（如：make→made，do→done）。 “by + 动作执行者” 的用法：用于说明动作的发出者，若执行者不明确或不重要，可省略。 明确执行者：The song was sung by a famous singer. 省略执行者：The bridge was built in 2020. 四、时间状语 常与一般过去时的时间状语连用，如 yesterday、last week、two days ago、in 2010、just now 等。 例句：The new library was opened last month.（新图书馆上个月开放了。） 五、易错点拨 遗漏 be 动词或混淆 be 动词时态： ❌ The dress made by my mom. → ✅ The dress was made by my mom. 误用动词原形或过去式代替过去分词： ❌ The homework was finish yesterday. → ✅ The homework was finished yesterday. 主动语态与被动语态混淆： ❌ Edison was invented the light bulb. → ✅ Edison invented the light bulb. / The light bulb was invented by Edison. 六、解题技巧 找标志：若句中出现 “by + 执行者”“被” 的含义，或主语是动作的承受者，优先考虑被动语态。 定时态：根据时间状语（如 yesterday）确定为一般过去时，搭配 was/were。 验结构：检查是否符合 “主语 + was/were + 过去分词” 的基本结构。 【即时检测】 The telephone _______ by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. A. invent B. invented C. was invented D. is invented 知识点 02 情态动词（Unit 2） 一、核心情态动词及用法 情态动词 核心含义 用法说明 例句 should 表建议、义务、责任 语气委婉，意为 “应该”，否定形式为 shouldn't（不应该） You should listen to your parents.（你应该听父母的话。） He shouldn't smoke in public.（他不应该在公共场合吸烟。） should be allowed to 表 “被允许做某事” 被动结构，用于表达 “某人应该被允许做某事”，否定形式为 shouldn't be allowed to Teenagers should be allowed to choose their hobbies.（青少年应该被允许选择自己的爱好。） She shouldn't be allowed to go out alone at night.（她不应该被允许晚上独自外出。） can/could 表允许（口语中） could 语气比 can 更委婉，否定形式为 can't/couldn't You can borrow my book.（你可以借我的书。） Could I use your pen?（我可以用一下你的钢笔吗？） 二、句型转换（以 should 为例） 句型 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + should + 动词原形 We should study hard. 否定句 主语 + shouldn't + 动词原形 We shouldn't waste time. 一般疑问句 Should + 主语 + 动词原形？ Should he go to the doctor? 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + should + 主语 + 动词原形？ What should we do next? 三、易错点拨 should 后接动词原形，不可接不定式或动名词： ❌ You should to exercise every day. → ✅ You should exercise every day. 混淆主动与被动含义： ❌ Teenagers should allow to make decisions. → ✅ Teenagers should be allowed to make decisions. could 表允许时，回答不用 could，需用 can 或 can't： —Could I open the window? ❌ Yes, you could. → ✅ Yes, you can. 四、解题技巧 辨含义：根据语境判断是 “建议”（should）还是 “允许”（can/could/should be allowed to）。 看语态：若主语是 “被允许” 的对象，用 “should be allowed to + 动词原形”。 验搭配：确保情态动词后接动词原形，被动结构中包含 be 动词和过去分词。 【即时检测】 —I think students _______ wear school uniforms every day. —But I disagree. They should have the right to choose their own clothes. A. should B. shouldn't C. can D. can't 知识点 03 情态动词表推测（Unit 3） 一、核心情态动词及语气 情态动词 推测语气 适用场景 例句 must 100% 肯定 用于肯定句，表 “一定、肯定”，基于明确证据的推测 The book has Carla's name on it. It must belong to her.（书上有卡拉的名字，一定是她的。） can't 0% 肯定（绝对否定） 用于否定句，表 “不可能”，基于证据排除可能性 He can't be at home. The door is locked.（他不可能在家，门是锁着的。） could/might 50%-70% 肯定（不确定） 用于肯定句，表 “可能、也许”，语气委婉，可能性比 may 稍低 The pen could/might be Li Ming's. He lost one yesterday.（这支钢笔可能是李明的，他昨天丢了一支。） may 60%-80% 肯定（较有可能） 用于肯定句，表 “可能”，可能性比 could/might 稍高 It may rain this afternoon.（今天下午可能会下雨。） 二、关键要点 情态动词表推测时，后接动词原形，且无人称和数的变化。 否定推测只用 can't，不用 mustn't（mustn't 表 “禁止”）。 ❌ It mustn't be his. → ✅ It can't be his. could 表推测时不表过去，仅表语气委婉；若表过去的推测，用 “could have + 过去分词”。 现在推测：He could be in the office. 过去推测：He could have arrived yesterday. 三、易错点拨 误用 mustn't 表否定推测： ❌ That mustn't be a cat. It's too big. → ✅ That can't be a cat. It's too big. 混淆 could 的含义： ❌ He could swim when he was five.（表能力，非推测） ✅ He could be swimming in the pool now.（表推测） 推测时后接动词的错误形式： ❌ The bag might belongs to Tom. → ✅ The bag might belong to Tom. 四、解题技巧 找证据：根据句中提示信息（如名字、特征、场景等）判断推测的肯定程度。 定语气：100% 肯定用 must，0% 肯定用 can't，不确定用 could/might/may。 验句式：否定推测只能用 can't，且情态动词后接动词原形。 【即时检测】 —Look! Someone is dancing in the classroom. Who is it? —It _______ be Lucy. She likes dancing best. But I'm not sure. A. must B. can't C. might D. should 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1.The mobile phone _______ by Martin Cooper in 1973. A. invented B. was invented C. is invented D. invent 2. —Why didn’t you use the new computer?—Because it _______ yesterday. A. wasn’t repaired B. didn’t repair C. isn’t repaired D. won’t repair 3. —_______ this story _______ by a middle school student?—Yes, it was written last month. A. Did; write B. Was; written C. Is; writing D. Will; be written 4. Teenagers _______ spend more time reading books instead of playing video games. A. should B. shouldn’t C. can’t D. mustn’t 5. In our school, students _______ to choose their own club activities after class. A. allow B. are allowed C. should allow D. should be allowed 6. —Could I borrow your dictionary for a moment?—Of course you _______. I’m not using it now. A. could B. can C. must D. might 7. The notebook has Amy’s name on it. It _______ belong to her. A. must B. can’t C. might D. could 8. He doesn’t like blue at all, so this blue schoolbag _______ be his. A. must B. may C. can’t D. might 9. —Who is knocking at the door?—It _______ be my uncle. He said he would come to see me today, but I’m not sure. A. must B. can’t C. might D. should 10. —You didn’t answer my call just now. Where were you?—I’m sorry. I _______ cooking in the kitchen and didn’t hear it. A. must be B. can’t be C. might have been D. must have been 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1.Paper _______ (invent) by Cai Lun in Han Dynasty. 2. The meeting _______ (not hold) last Monday because of the heavy rain. 3. You _______ (should) take more exercise to keep healthy. 4. Teenagers _______ (allow) to have their own opinions according to the rule. 5. A lot of new schools _______ (build) in our city last year. 6. We _______ (should not) waste food. It’s important to save resources. 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） 一、.用must, might, could或can’t 填空 1. The boy has practiced dancing for two hours. He ____be very tired. 2. Your mother ____be in Beijing, because she has gone to Shanghai. 3. Don’t play on the street. You ____be hurt by cars. 4. The tall girl ____be Tina. Tina is short. 5. My father ____have the key to the door, but I’m not sure 二、把下列句子改为被动语态 1. He bought a CD-ROM last year. A CD-ROM ___________________________________________ last year. 2. Tom organizes activities for the computer club. Activities for the computer club______________________________________. 3. He can lend me a book. ____________________________________by him. 4. The boss made them work 10 hours a day. They __________________________10 hours a day. 三、根据汉语意思完成下列句子 1. 这座桥是他们2004年建的。 The bridge ______________________________ in 2004. 2. 政府要把这个地方变成一个公园。 The place _____________________________ a park by the government. 3. 上次聚会我们组织得非常好。 Last party ___________________________ very well by us. 4. 我已经告诉他早点起床了。 He _______________________________a little earlier by me. 5. 这家医院里的病人被照顾得很好。 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1. — Is this your brother's mobile phone? — No, it ______ be his. He hates this black color. A. mustn't B. can't C. might not D. shouldn't 2. The telephone ______ by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. A. invented B. is invented C. was invented D. has invented 3. Students should ______ to choose their own after-school activities. It's good for their development. A. allow B. be allowing C. be allowed D. allowed 4. Look at that man running towards the bus. He ______ be in a hurry. A. would B. could C. might D. must 5. — I think teenagers ______ to make their own decisions. — I agree. They are not little kids anymore. A. must encourage B. should be encouraged C. would encourage D. could be encouraged 6. — Whose French book is this? — It ______ belong to Carla. She's the only one who's studying French. A. can't B. must C. might D. could 7. Paper ______ first ______ in China almost 2，000 years ago. A. is; created B. was; created C. is; creating D. was; create 8. — Do you think sixteen-year-olds ______ to drive? — No, I don't. It's too dangerous. A. should allow B. should be allowed C. must allow D. must be allowed 9. — Listen! Is that Sarah singing in the next room? — It ______ be her. She has gone to Beijing for a competition. A. mustn't B. can't C. may not D. needn't 10. The new sports center ______ in our town next year. A. will build B. is built C. will be built D. built 二、用所给词适当形式填空 1. The ________ ( Canada ) company invented a new kind of robot last month. 2. We are not ________ ( allow ) to use mobile phones in class. 3. The book must be ________ ( she ). Her name is on it. 4. The ________ ( popular ) of this song is growing among teenagers. 5. My parents are very ________ ( patience ) with me. They always help me with my problems. 6. The light bulb is one of the most useful ________ ( invent ) in history. 7. The teacher told us that the earth ________ ( go ) around the sun. 8. He practiced ________ ( play ) the piano for three hours yesterday. 9. I think the movie is ________ ( education ). We can learn a lot from it. 10. The boy is not old enough ________ ( make ) his own decisions. 链接中考（测试时间：15分钟） 1、 单项选择 1．（2025·江西·中考真题）—I hear that Jingdezhen Porcelain (瓷器) ______ in Paris last month. —Wow! Good news. A．shows B．has shown C．is shown D．was shown 2．（2025·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）My father is too tired. Something ________ to keep him relaxed. A．should do B．should be done C．must do 3．（2025·黑龙江·中考真题）AI tools ________ in more fields in the future. A．is used B．will be used C．are used 4.（2025·天津·中考真题）Chinese ________ by more and more people from foreign countries today. A．speaks B．spoke C．is spoken D．will speak 5．（2025·江苏扬州·中考真题）When you feel cold air coming through your window, energy ________. A．wastes B．is wasted C．wasted D．was wasted 6．（2025·江苏连云港·中考真题）The mini-programme “Clear Plate” is popular among young people. It ________ to help deal with food waste. A．will design B．will be designed C．designs D．is designed 7．（2025·四川达州·中考真题）—World Animal Day is on October 4th every year. —Many activities ________ to improve the relationship between humans and animals this day. A．will hold B．is held C．are held 8．（2025·四川成都·中考真题）In April, some planarians (涡虫) ________ into China’s space station for scientific research. A．were taken B．took C．were taking 9.（2025·四川凉山·中考真题）—We planted lots of trees on Tree Planting Day. —That’s quite meaningful. To have a greener world, more trees should ________ every year. A．plant B．be planted C．are planted 10．（2024·四川攀枝花·中考真题）Fu Zai, a cute police dog, ________ to better deal with different environments in the near future. A．will train B．trains C．will be trained D．was trained 11．（2025·北京·中考真题）Language learning apps ________ by more and more people these days. A．use B．used C．are used D．were used 12．（2025·四川乐山·中考真题）When Tony ________ why he was late for school, he just kept silent. A．asks B．was asked C．will be asked 13．（2025·四川广元·中考真题）We should be honest to our friends, because it ________ to be our traditional value. A．is considered B．was considered C．considered D．considers 14.（2024·江苏省连云港市·中考真题）Robot dogs _________ as volunteers for the first time during the 2023 Asian Games. A. use B. used C. are used D. were used 15.（2024·江西省·中考真题） Ted preferred pop music when he ________ about his favorite music in the interview. A. was asked B. asked C. is asked D. asks 第二部分：语法填空 The Story of Basketball Basketball is a very popular sport around the world. It (1) ________ (invent) by a Canadian man named James Naismith in 1891. He (2) ________ (ask) to create an indoor game that could (3) ________ (play) during the long cold winter. At first, a soccer ball was used. The players (4) ________ (allow) to run with the ball. The first games (5) ________ (play) with nine players on each team. The rules have changed a lot since then. Now, look at this new basketball on the court. It (6) ________ (not be) mine. Mine is old and dirty. It (7) ________ (belong) to Tom. He just bought it yesterday. But wait, Tom is left-handed, and this ball has a mark for right-handed players. So it (8) ________ (be) Tom's. It (9) ________ (be) Sarah's. She is the only right-handed player on our team. Well, I'm not sure. I think it (10) ________ (might / belong) to the coach. 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 被动语态与情态动词（期中复习讲义） 复习目标 1.熟练掌握一般过去时的被动语态的定义、结构、句型转换及应用场景。 2.准确区分 “should”“must”“can/could” 等情态动词表允许、建议、推测时的用法及语气差异。 3.能在具体语境中灵活运用三大语法点解决单选、语法填空、句型转换等题型。 单元 语法点 常考题型 命题趋势 Unit 1-3 被动语态（一般现在时、一般过去时） 情态动词表推测（must, might, could, can’t） 单项选择、语法填空、完成句子 1. 情境化突出：结合发明、规则、物品归属等真实语境考查语法。 2. 注重逻辑推理：情态动词表推测题增多，强调语境理解。 3. 综合性强：常与阅读、写作结合，考查语言运用能力。 知识点 01 一般过去时的被动语态（Unit 1） 一、定义 表示过去某个时间里，主语被施加的动作或所处的被动状态。主语是动作的承受者，而非执行者。 例句： The light bulb was invented by Edison.（电灯泡是爱迪生发明的。） These books were bought yesterday.（这些书是昨天被买的。） 二、基本结构 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + was/were + 动词的过去分词 + （by + 动作执行者） The kite was made by my sister.（这个风筝是我姐姐做的。） 否定句 主语 + was/were + not + 动词的过去分词 + （by + 动作执行者） The letter was not written by him.（这封信不是他写的。） 一般疑问句 Was/Were + 主语 + 动词的过去分词 + （by + 动作执行者）？ Were the desks cleaned just now?（桌子刚才被打扫了吗？） 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 动词的过去分词 + （by + 动作执行者）？ When was the computer invented?（电脑是何时被发明的？） 三、关键要点 be 动词的选择：根据主语的单复数及人称确定用 was（单数 / 不可数名词）或 were（复数）。 单数主语：The car was repaired. 复数主语：The flowers were watered. 动词过去分词变化：规则变化在动词原形后加 - ed（如：invent→invented）；不规则变化需特殊记忆（如：make→made，do→done）。 “by + 动作执行者” 的用法：用于说明动作的发出者，若执行者不明确或不重要，可省略。 明确执行者：The song was sung by a famous singer. 省略执行者：The bridge was built in 2020. 四、时间状语 常与一般过去时的时间状语连用，如 yesterday、last week、two days ago、in 2010、just now 等。 例句：The new library was opened last month.（新图书馆上个月开放了。） 五、易错点拨 遗漏 be 动词或混淆 be 动词时态： ❌ The dress made by my mom. → ✅ The dress was made by my mom. 误用动词原形或过去式代替过去分词： ❌ The homework was finish yesterday. → ✅ The homework was finished yesterday. 主动语态与被动语态混淆： ❌ Edison was invented the light bulb. → ✅ Edison invented the light bulb. / The light bulb was invented by Edison. 六、解题技巧 找标志：若句中出现 “by + 执行者”“被” 的含义，或主语是动作的承受者，优先考虑被动语态。 定时态：根据时间状语（如 yesterday）确定为一般过去时，搭配 was/were。 验结构：检查是否符合 “主语 + was/were + 过去分词” 的基本结构。 【即时检测】 The telephone _______ by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. A. invent B. invented C. was invented D. is invented 【答案】C 【解析】句中 “by Alexander Graham Bell” 提示为被动语态，“in 1876” 表示过去时间，故用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为 “主语 + was/were + 过去分词”。主语 “the telephone” 是单数，故选 C。 知识点 02 情态动词（Unit 2） 一、核心情态动词及用法 情态动词 核心含义 用法说明 例句 should 表建议、义务、责任 语气委婉，意为 “应该”，否定形式为 shouldn't（不应该） You should listen to your parents.（你应该听父母的话。） He shouldn't smoke in public.（他不应该在公共场合吸烟。） should be allowed to 表 “被允许做某事” 被动结构，用于表达 “某人应该被允许做某事”，否定形式为 shouldn't be allowed to Teenagers should be allowed to choose their hobbies.（青少年应该被允许选择自己的爱好。） She shouldn't be allowed to go out alone at night.（她不应该被允许晚上独自外出。） can/could 表允许（口语中） could 语气比 can 更委婉，否定形式为 can't/couldn't You can borrow my book.（你可以借我的书。） Could I use your pen?（我可以用一下你的钢笔吗？） 二、句型转换（以 should 为例） 句型 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + should + 动词原形 We should study hard. 否定句 主语 + shouldn't + 动词原形 We shouldn't waste time. 一般疑问句 Should + 主语 + 动词原形？ Should he go to the doctor? 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + should + 主语 + 动词原形？ What should we do next? 三、易错点拨 should 后接动词原形，不可接不定式或动名词： ❌ You should to exercise every day. → ✅ You should exercise every day. 混淆主动与被动含义： ❌ Teenagers should allow to make decisions. → ✅ Teenagers should be allowed to make decisions. could 表允许时，回答不用 could，需用 can 或 can't： —Could I open the window? ❌ Yes, you could. → ✅ Yes, you can. 四、解题技巧 辨含义：根据语境判断是 “建议”（should）还是 “允许”（can/could/should be allowed to）。 看语态：若主语是 “被允许” 的对象，用 “should be allowed to + 动词原形”。 验搭配：确保情态动词后接动词原形，被动结构中包含 be 动词和过去分词。 【即时检测】 —I think students _______ wear school uniforms every day. —But I disagree. They should have the right to choose their own clothes. A. should B. shouldn't C. can D. can't 【答案】A 【解析】根据答语 “但我不同意，他们应该有权选择自己的衣服” 可推断，上句表示 “我认为学生应该每天穿校服”，“should” 表建议，符合语境，故选 A。 知识点 03 情态动词表推测（Unit 3） 一、核心情态动词及语气 情态动词 推测语气 适用场景 例句 must 100% 肯定 用于肯定句，表 “一定、肯定”，基于明确证据的推测 The book has Carla's name on it. It must belong to her.（书上有卡拉的名字，一定是她的。） can't 0% 肯定（绝对否定） 用于否定句，表 “不可能”，基于证据排除可能性 He can't be at home. The door is locked.（他不可能在家，门是锁着的。） could/might 50%-70% 肯定（不确定） 用于肯定句，表 “可能、也许”，语气委婉，可能性比 may 稍低 The pen could/might be Li Ming's. He lost one yesterday.（这支钢笔可能是李明的，他昨天丢了一支。） may 60%-80% 肯定（较有可能） 用于肯定句，表 “可能”，可能性比 could/might 稍高 It may rain this afternoon.（今天下午可能会下雨。） 二、关键要点 情态动词表推测时，后接动词原形，且无人称和数的变化。 否定推测只用 can't，不用 mustn't（mustn't 表 “禁止”）。 ❌ It mustn't be his. → ✅ It can't be his. could 表推测时不表过去，仅表语气委婉；若表过去的推测，用 “could have + 过去分词”。 现在推测：He could be in the office. 过去推测：He could have arrived yesterday. 三、易错点拨 误用 mustn't 表否定推测： ❌ That mustn't be a cat. It's too big. → ✅ That can't be a cat. It's too big. 混淆 could 的含义： ❌ He could swim when he was five.（表能力，非推测） ✅ He could be swimming in the pool now.（表推测） 推测时后接动词的错误形式： ❌ The bag might belongs to Tom. → ✅ The bag might belong to Tom. 四、解题技巧 找证据：根据句中提示信息（如名字、特征、场景等）判断推测的肯定程度。 定语气：100% 肯定用 must，0% 肯定用 can't，不确定用 could/might/may。 验句式：否定推测只能用 can't，且情态动词后接动词原形。 【即时检测】 —Look! Someone is dancing in the classroom. Who is it? —It _______ be Lucy. She likes dancing best. But I'm not sure. A. must B. can't C. might D. should 【答案】C 【解析】根据 “她最喜欢跳舞，但我不确定” 可知，推测语气为不确定，“might” 表 “可能”，符合语境。must 表肯定，can't 表否定，should 表建议，均不符合，故选 C。 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1.The mobile phone _______ by Martin Cooper in 1973. A. invented B. was invented C. is invented D. invent 答案：B 解析：考点为一般过去时的被动语态（Unit 1 核心语法）。句中 “in 1973” 表示过去时间，主语 “the mobile phone” 是动作 “invent（发明）” 的承受者，需用被动语态；被动语态基本结构为 “主语 + was/were + 动词过去分词”，主语为单数，故用 “was invented”。A 项是主动语态过去式，C 项是一般现在时被动语态（时态不符），D 项是动词原形（缺少被动结构和时态标志），均排除。 2. —Why didn’t you use the new computer?—Because it _______ yesterday. A. wasn’t repaired B. didn’t repair C. isn’t repaired D. won’t repair 答案：A 解析：考点为一般过去时被动语态的否定式（Unit 1）。主语 “it（电脑）” 与 “repair（修理）” 是被动关系，且 “yesterday” 提示用过去时；被动语态否定式为 “主语 + was/were+not + 过去分词”，单数主语用 “wasn’t”，“repair” 的过去分词为 “repaired”，故填 “wasn’t repaired”。B 项是主动语态否定（主语与动作逻辑不符），C 项是一般现在时被动（时态不符），D 项是一般将来时主动（时态和语态均错），排除。 3. —_______ this story _______ by a middle school student?—Yes, it was written last month. A. Did; write B. Was; written C. Is; writing D. Will; be written 答案：B 解析：考点为一般过去时被动语态的一般疑问句（Unit 1）。答语 “it was written” 提示问句需用一般过去时被动语态；被动语态疑问句结构为 “Was/Were + 主语 + 过去分词”，主语 “this story” 是单数，故用 “Was; written”。A 项是主动语态过去时（主语与动作逻辑不符），C 项是现在进行时（时态和语态错），D 项是一般将来时被动（时态不符），排除。 4. Teenagers _______ spend more time reading books instead of playing video games. A. should B. shouldn’t C. can’t D. mustn’t 答案：A 解析：考点为情态动词 should 表建议（Unit 2 核心语法）。句意为 “青少年应该花更多时间读书而不是玩电子游戏”，“should” 表 “应该”，符合建议的语境。B 项 “不应该”（与句意相反），C 项 “不可能”（表推测，不符），D 项 “禁止”（语气强硬，不符建议语境），排除。 5. In our school, students _______ to choose their own club activities after class. A. allow B. are allowed C. should allow D. should be allowed 答案：D 解析：考点为情态动词 should 的被动结构（Unit 2）。主语 “students” 与 “allow（允许）” 是被动关系，且语境强调 “应该被允许”，需用 “should be allowed to do” 结构。A 项是主动语态（逻辑不符），B 项是一般现在时被动（缺少 “应该” 的语气），C 项是主动语态（逻辑不符），排除。 6. —Could I borrow your dictionary for a moment?—Of course you _______. I’m not using it now. A. could B. can C. must D. might 答案：B 解析：考点为情态动词 could 表请求的回答（Unit 2）。“could” 表请求时语气委婉，但回答需用 “can” 表许可，不能用 “could”。A 项不符合回答习惯，C 项 “必须”（语气强硬，不符），D 项 “可能”（表推测，不符），排除。 7. The notebook has Amy’s name on it. It _______ belong to her. A. must B. can’t C. might D. could 答案：A 解析：考点为情态动词 must 表肯定推测（Unit 3 核心语法）。“笔记本上有艾米的名字” 是明确证据，表 “100% 肯定”，故用 “must（一定）”。B 项 “不可能”（表否定推测，与证据不符），C、D 项 “可能”（表不确定推测，证据明确无需不确定语气），排除。 8. He doesn’t like blue at all, so this blue schoolbag _______ be his. A. must B. may C. can’t D. might 答案：C解析：考点为情态动词 can’t 表否定推测（Unit 3）。“他一点也不喜欢蓝色” 是排除性证据，表 “0% 肯定（不可能）”，故用 “can’t”。A 项 “一定”（肯定推测，与语境相反），B、D 项 “可能”（不确定推测，不符排除逻辑），排除。 9. —Who is knocking at the door?—It _______ be my uncle. He said he would come to see me today, but I’m not sure. A. must B. can’t C. might D. should 答案：C 解析：考点为情态动词 might 表不确定推测（Unit 3）。“他说会来但我不确定” 提示推测语气为 “50%-70% 肯定”，“might（可能）” 符合委婉不确定的语境。A 项 “一定”（肯定推测，与 “不确定” 矛盾），B 项 “不可能”（否定推测，不符），D 项 “应该”（表建议，不符推测），排除。 10. —You didn’t answer my call just now. Where were you?—I’m sorry. I _______ cooking in the kitchen and didn’t hear it. A. must be B. can’t be C. might have been D. must have been 答案：C 解析：考点为情态动词表过去推测（Unit 3 延伸考点）。“just now” 提示推测过去的动作，结构为 “情态动词 + have + 过去分词”；“没听到电话” 表不确定的过去情况，“might have been（可能一直在）” 符合语气。A 项 “一定在”（现在推测，时态不符），B 项 “不可能在”（否定推测，不符道歉语境），D 项 “一定一直在”（肯定过去推测，无明确证据支撑），排除。 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1.Paper _______ (invent) by Cai Lun in Han Dynasty. 答案：was invented 解析：考点为一般过去时的被动语态（Unit 1）。主语 “paper” 是动作 “invent” 的承受者，“in Han Dynasty” 表过去时间，需用被动语态；主语为不可数名词，be 动词用 “was”，“invent” 的过去分词为 “invented”，故填 “was invented”。 2. The meeting _______ (not hold) last Monday because of the heavy rain. 答案：wasn’t held 解析：考点为一般过去时被动语态的否定式（Unit 1）。主语 “the meeting” 与 “hold” 是被动关系，“last Monday” 提示过去时；否定式为 “wasn’t/weren’t + 过去分词”，主语单数用 “wasn’t”，“hold” 的过去分词为 “held”，故填 “wasn’t held”。 3. You _______ (should) take more exercise to keep healthy. 答案：should 解析：考点为情态动词 should 的基本用法（Unit 2）。“should” 表建议，后接动词原形 “take”，此处 “should” 无需变形，直接填原形即可，句意为 “你应该多锻炼保持健康”。 4. Teenagers _______ (allow) to have their own opinions according to the rule. 答案：should be allowed解析：考点为should 的被动结构（Unit 2）。主语 “teenagers” 与 “allow” 是被动关系，语境强调 “应该被允许”，被动结构为 “should be + 过去分词”，“allow” 的过去分词为 “allowed”，故填 “should be allowed”。 5. A lot of new schools _______ (build) in our city last year. 答案：were built 解析：考点为一般过去时被动语态（复数主语）（Unit 1）。主语 “a lot of new schools” 是复数，与 “build” 是被动关系，“last year” 表过去时；被动语态中复数主语用 “were”，“build” 的过去分词为 “built”，故填 “were built”。 6. We _______ (should not) waste food. It’s important to save resources. 答案：shouldn’t解析：考点为情态动词 should 的否定式（Unit 2）。“should not” 的缩写为 “shouldn’t”，后接动词原形 “waste”，符合 “不应该浪费食物” 的语境，故填 “shouldn’t”。 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） 一、.用must, might, could或can’t 填空 1. The boy has practiced dancing for two hours. He ____be very tired. 2. Your mother ____be in Beijing, because she has gone to Shanghai. 3. Don’t play on the street. You ____be hurt by cars. 4. The tall girl ____be Tina. Tina is short. 5. My father ____have the key to the door, but I’m not sure 1. must 2. can’t 3. might/could 4. can’t 5. might/could 二、把下列句子改为被动语态 1. He bought a CD-ROM last year. A CD-ROM ___________________________________________ last year. 2. Tom organizes activities for the computer club. Activities for the computer club______________________________________. 3. He can lend me a book. ____________________________________by him. 4. The boss made them work 10 hours a day. They __________________________10 hours a day. 1. was bought by him 2. are organized by Tom 3. I can be lent a book /A book can be lent to me 4. were made to work 三、根据汉语意思完成下列句子 1. 这座桥是他们2004年建的。 The bridge ______________________________ in 2004. 2. 政府要把这个地方变成一个公园。 The place _____________________________ a park by the government. 3. 上次聚会我们组织得非常好。 Last party ___________________________ very well by us. 4. 我已经告诉他早点起床了。 He _______________________________a little earlier by me. 5. 这家医院里的病人被照顾得很好。 The patients in the hospital ______________________________________. 1. was built by them 2. will be turned into 3. was organized 4. has been told to get up 5. are taken good care of 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1. — Is this your brother's mobile phone? — No, it ______ be his. He hates this black color. A. mustn't B. can't C. might not D. shouldn't 答案：B 解析： 本题考查情态动词表推测的用法。根据答句“他讨厌黑色”可知，这不是他手机的可能性非常大，表示“不可能”用can't。mustn't表示“禁止”，语气过强；might not表示“可能不”，语气不够肯定；shouldn't表示“不应该”，与题意不符。 2. The telephone ______ by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. A. invented B. is invented C. was invented D. has invented 答案：C 解析： 本题考查一般过去时的被动语态。主语“电话（telephone）”是动作“发明（invent）”的承受者，且时间“1876年”是过去时间，所以要用“was/were + 过去分词”的结构。 3. Students should ______ to choose their own after-school activities. It's good for their development. A. allow B. be allowing C. be allowed D. allowed 答案：C 解析： 本题考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意是“学生应该被允许……”，结构是“情态动词（should）+ be + 过去分词（allowed）”。 4. Look at that man running towards the bus. He ______ be in a hurry. A. would B. could C. might D. must 答案：D 解析： 本题考查情态动词表推测的用法。根据前文“那个男人正跑向公交车”这一明显迹象，可以很有把握地推测“他一定很匆忙”，表示非常有把握的肯定推测用must。 5. — I think teenagers ______ to make their own decisions. — I agree. They are not little kids anymore. A. must encourage B. should be encouraged C. would encourage D. could be encouraged 答案：B 解析： 本题考查含有情态动词的被动语态和词义辨析。句意是“青少年应该被鼓励……”，主语“青少年”是“鼓励”这个动作的承受者，所以用被动语态“should be encouraged”。 6. — Whose French book is this? — It ______ belong to Carla. She's the only one who's studying French. A. can't B. must C. might D. could 答案：B 解析： 本题考查情态动词表推测的用法。根据关键信息“她是唯一一个学法语的人”，可以非常有把握地肯定这本书“一定”是Carla的。表示非常有把握的肯定推测用must。 7. Paper ______ first ______ in China almost 2，000 years ago. A. is; created B. was; created C. is; creating D. was; create 答案：B 解析： 本题考查一般过去时的被动语态。主语“纸（Paper）”是动作“创造（create）”的承受者，且时间“2000年前”是过去时间，所以要用“was/were + 过去分词”的结构。create的过去分词是created。 8. — Do you think sixteen-year-olds ______ to drive? — No, I don't. It's too dangerous. A. should allow B. should be allowed C. must allow D. must be allowed 答案：B 解析： 本题考查含有情态动词的被动语态和情态动词的语义差别。句意是“你认为16岁的年轻人应该被允许开车吗？”。主语“16岁的年轻人”是“允许”的对象，用被动语态。should表示“应该”，是一种建议；must表示“必须”，语气过于强硬，且答句“I don't”表示不赞同问句的观点，所以用should更合适。 9. — Listen! Is that Sarah singing in the next room? — It ______ be her. She has gone to Beijing for a competition. A. mustn't B. can't C. may not D. needn't 答案：B 解析： 本题考查情态动词表推测的用法。根据关键信息“她已经去北京了”，可以断定在隔壁唱歌的人“不可能”是她。表示有把握的否定推测（不可能）用can't。 10. The new sports center ______ in our town next year. A. will build B. is built C. will be built D. built 答案：C 解析： 本题考查一般将来时的被动语态。主语“新的体育中心”是动作“建造（build）”的承受者，且时间“明年（next year）”是将来的时间，所以要用“will be + 过去分词”的结构。 二、用所给词适当形式填空 1. The ________ ( Canada ) company invented a new kind of robot last month. 答案：Canadian 解析： 这里需要填入一个形容词来修饰后面的名词“company（公司）”。Canada（加拿大）的形容词形式是Canadian（加拿大的）。 2. We are not ________ ( allow ) to use mobile phones in class. 答案：allowed 解析： 本题考查被动语态。主语“We”是“允许”这个动作的承受者，结构是“be + 过去分词”，allow的过去分词是allowed。 3. The book must be ________ ( she ). Her name is on it. 答案：hers 解析： 本题考查名词性物主代词。空格后没有名词，所以需要用一个能独立使用的物主代词。she的名词性物主代词是hers（她的（东西））。 4. The ________ ( popular ) of this song is growing among teenagers. 答案：popularity 解析： 定冠词the后面需要接一个名词。popular（流行的）是形容词，其名词形式是popularity（流行，受欢迎）。 5. My parents are very ________ ( patience ) with me. They always help me with my problems. 答案：patient 解析： 系动词are后面需要接一个形容词作表语。patience（耐心）是名词，其形容词形式是patient（有耐心的）。 6. The light bulb is one of the most useful ________ ( invent ) in history. 答案：inventions 解析： one of the + 形容词最高级 + 名词复数，表示“最……的……之一”。invent（发明）是动词，其名词形式是invention，这里需要用复数形式inventions。 7. The teacher told us that the earth ________ ( go ) around the sun. 答案：goes 解析： 本题考查宾语从句的时态。当主句是过去时，但如果从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，从句的时态保持不变，仍然用一般现在时。 8. He practiced ________ ( play ) the piano for three hours yesterday. 答案：playing 解析： 本题考查动词practice的用法。practice doing sth. 是固定搭配，意为“练习做某事”。 9. I think the movie is ________ ( education ). We can learn a lot from it. 答案：educational 解析： 系动词is后面需要接一个形容词作表语。education（教育）是名词，其形容词形式是educational（有教育意义的）。 10. The boy is not old enough ________ ( make ) his own decisions. 答案：to make 解析： 本题考查固定结构。enough to do sth. 意为“足够……可以做某事”。 链接中考（测试时间：15分钟） 1、 单项选择 1．（2025·江西·中考真题）—I hear that Jingdezhen Porcelain (瓷器) ______ in Paris last month. —Wow! Good news. A．shows B．has shown C．is shown D．was shown 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我听说景德镇瓷器上个月在巴黎展出。——哇！好消息。考查动词时态和语态。根据“last month”可知，动作发生在过去，且主语“Jingdezhen Porcelain”与动词之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态（was/were done）。故选D。 2．（2025·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）My father is too tired. Something ________ to keep him relaxed. A．should do B．should be done C．must do 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我爸爸太累了。应该做点什么让他放松。 考查含有情态动词的被动语态。should应该；must必须。此处something和do之间是被动关系，故此处用含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be done。故选B。 3．（2025·黑龙江·中考真题）AI tools ________ in more fields in the future. A．is used B．will be used C．are used 【答案】B 【详解】句意：将来，人工智能工具将被用于更多的领域。 考查时态。根据“in the future”可知原句是将来时态，排除A、C；根据“AI tools”可知人工智能工具将被使用，应用一般将来时的被动语态will be done。故选B。 4.（2025·天津·中考真题）Chinese ________ by more and more people from foreign countries today. A．speaks B．spoke C．is spoken D．will speak 【答案】C 【详解】句意：如今，越来越多的外国人士开始学习并使用汉语。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。本句主语是动作的承受者，时态是一般现在时，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。故选C。 5．（2025·江苏扬州·中考真题）When you feel cold air coming through your window, energy ________. A．wastes B．is wasted C．wasted D．was wasted 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当你感觉到冷空气从窗户透进来时，能量就被浪费了。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据“When you feel...”可知，句子是一般现在时，且主语“energy”和动词waste之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态“am/is/are done”，故选B。 6．（2025·江苏连云港·中考真题）The mini-programme “Clear Plate” is popular among young people. It ________ to help deal with food waste. A．will design B．will be designed C．designs D．is designed 【答案】D 【详解】句意：小程序“光盘”在年轻人中很受欢迎。它旨在帮助处理食物浪费。 考查时态和语态。主语it指代“这个小程序”，和动词design之间是被动关系，此处描述客观情况，句子用一般现在时，故此处用一般现在时的被动语态，be动词用is。故选D。 7．（2025·四川达州·中考真题）—World Animal Day is on October 4th every year. —Many activities ________ to improve the relationship between humans and animals this day. A．will hold B．is held C．are held 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——世界动物日是每年的10月4日。——这一天会举办许多活动来改善人与动物的关系。 考查动词的时态和被动语态。结合语境和“this day”可知，句子时态为一般现在时，主语“Many activities”是复数，且与动词“hold”构成被动关系，即活动应是被举办，故此处需要用一般现在时的被动语态，即are held。故选C。 8．（2025·四川成都·中考真题）In April, some planarians (涡虫) ________ into China’s space station for scientific research. A．were taken B．took C．were taking 【答案】A 【详解】句意：四月，一些涡虫被带到中国空间站进行科学研究。 考查时态和语态。主语some planarians和动词短语take into之间是被动关系，根据“In April”可知句子用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done。故选A。 9.（2025·四川凉山·中考真题）—We planted lots of trees on Tree Planting Day. —That’s quite meaningful. To have a greener world, more trees should ________ every year. A．plant B．be planted C．are planted 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我们在植树节种了很多树。——这很有意义。为了有一个更加绿色的世界，更多的树应该被种植。考查被动语态。plant原形；be planted被动语态；are planted被动语态。分析语境可知，主语more trees和动词plant之间是被动关系，空格前有情态动词，be动词用原形。故选B。 10．（2024·四川攀枝花·中考真题）Fu Zai, a cute police dog, ________ to better deal with different environments in the near future. A．will train B．trains C．will be trained D．was trained 【答案】C 【详解】句意：福仔，一只可爱的警犬，将在不久的将来接受训练，以更好地应对不同的环境。考查被动语态。根据“in the near future”可知，本句时态为一般将来时，主语Fu Zai是动作train“训练”的承受者，要用一般将来时的被动语态（will be done）。故选C。 11．（2025·北京·中考真题）Language learning apps ________ by more and more people these days. A．use B．used C．are used D．were used 【答案】C 【详解】句意：如今，越来越多的人在使用语言学习应用程序。考查动词时态及被动语态。根据“these days”可知，时态是一般现在时。结合“by”可知，此处是被动语态，应用程序被人们使用。故选C。 12．（2025·四川乐山·中考真题）When Tony ________ why he was late for school, he just kept silent. A．asks B．was asked C．will be asked 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当托尼被问到为什么上学迟到时，他只是保持沉默。 考查时态和语态。根据“When Tony...why he was late for school, he just kept silent.”可知，句子用一般过去时，此处指Tony被问及“为什么上学迟到”，用被动语态，即一般过去时的被动语态“was/were done”，故选B。 13．（2025·四川广元·中考真题）We should be honest to our friends, because it ________ to be our traditional value. A．is considered B．was considered C．considered D．considers 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们应该对朋友诚实，因为这被认为是我们的传统价值观。 考查时态和语态。此处是结构be considered to be“被认为是”，此处描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是it，be动词用is。故选A。 14.（2024·江苏省连云港市·中考真题）Robot dogs _________ as volunteers for the first time during the 2023 Asian Games. A. use B. used C. are used D. were used 【答案】D 【解析】句意：2023年亚运会期间，机器狗首次被用作志愿者。 考查时态和语态。主语Robot dogs和谓语use之间是被动关系，根据“during the 2023 Asian Games.”可知此处用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done。故选D。 15.（2024·江西省·中考真题） Ted preferred pop music when he ________ about his favorite music in the interview. A. was asked B. asked C. is asked D. asks 【答案】A 【解析】句意：在采访中被问及最喜欢的音乐时，泰德更喜欢流行音乐。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。本句主语是动作的承受者，动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故选A。 第二部分：语法填空 The Story of Basketball Basketball is a very popular sport around the world. It (1) ________ (invent) by a Canadian man named James Naismith in 1891. He (2) ________ (ask) to create an indoor game that could (3) ________ (play) during the long cold winter. At first, a soccer ball was used. The players (4) ________ (allow) to run with the ball. The first games (5) ________ (play) with nine players on each team. The rules have changed a lot since then. Now, look at this new basketball on the court. It (6) ________ (not be) mine. Mine is old and dirty. It (7) ________ (belong) to Tom. He just bought it yesterday. But wait, Tom is left-handed, and this ball has a mark for right-handed players. So it (8) ________ (be) Tom's. It (9) ________ (be) Sarah's. She is the only right-handed player on our team. Well, I'm not sure. I think it (10) ________ (might / belong) to the coach. 答案与详细解析 (1) was invented 解析：本题考查一般过去时的被动语态。主语“It”指代Basketball，是动词“invent”的承受者（篮球被发明），且时间“in 1891”是过去的时间点，故用“was/were + 过去分词”。主语是单数，所以用was invented。 (2) was asked 解析：本题考查一般过去时的被动语态。主语“He”指代James Naismith，是动词“ask”的承受者（他被要求），描述的是过去的事件，故用“was asked”。 (3) be played 解析：本题考查含有情态动词的被动语态。情态动词“could”后面需要接动词原形。又因为“game”和“play”之间是被动关系（游戏被玩），所以要用被动语态的原形“be played”。 (4) were not allowed / weren't allowed 解析：本题考查一般过去时的被动语态。主语“The players”是动词“allow”的承受者（球员们被允许）。根据上下文常识，最初打篮球时“不允许”带球跑，所以是否定形式。主语是复数，故用“were not allowed”。 (5) were played 解析：本题考查一般过去时的被动语态。主语“The first games”是动词“play”的承受者（最初的比赛被进行），描述过去的事件，且主语是复数，故用“were played”。 (6) can't be / isn't 解析：本题考查情态动词表推测或事实陈述。根据后句“Mine is old and dirty.（我的是旧且脏的）”可知，这个新球“不可能”是我的。表示有把握的否定推测用“can't be”。也可以直接陈述一个事实“它不是我的”，用“isn't”。两者皆可。 (7) must be 解析：本题考查情态动词表推测。根据前句“He just bought it yesterday.（他昨天刚买了一个）”这一信息，可以很有把握地推测这个新球“一定”是Tom的。表示非常有把握的肯定推测用“must be”。 (8) can't be 解析：本题考查情态动词表推测。根据关键信息“Tom is left-handed”而“this ball has a mark for right-handed players”，可以得出一个非常有把握的否定推论：它“不可能”是Tom的。表示有把握的否定推测用“can't be”。 (9) must be 解析：本题考查情态动词表推测。根据关键信息“She is the only right-handed player on our team.（她是队里唯一一个右撇子球员）”，可以得出一个有把握的肯定推论：它“一定”是Sarah的。用“must be”。 (10) might belong 解析：本题考查情态动词表推测。根据前句“I'm not sure.（我不确定）”可知，这是一个不确定性推测，表示“可能”属于教练。表示可能性推测用“might + 动词原形”。 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $