语法总结归纳和练习 2024-2025学年仁爱科普版（2024）七年级英语上、下册

该初中英语知识清单全面覆盖七年级上下学期核心语法考点，包含七上名词单复数变化、物主代词、人称代词、名词所有格等词法知识，以及七下一般现在时、现在进行时、There be句型、祈使句、一般过去时等句法内容，搭建从基础词法到句法应用的递进式学习支架。 清单采用分类分级方式构建知识体系，如名词复数分一般规则与特殊情况，时态标注时间状语及句型结构，培养学生语言能力与学习能力。重点标注物主代词特殊转换（my—mine, his—his），总结“黑人英雄土豆西红柿加es”等记忆口诀，设计针对性练习巩固应用，助力学生自主高效复习，辅助教师精准教学设计。

七年级上下学期语法考点归纳 七上 1.单数形式与复数形式的变化规则. a. this----(复数）these that---(复数）those, I ----（复数）we （我们） he/she/it-----(复数）they（他们） b. (1) 一般情况下直接在名词后加---s. 如: name---（复数）names number----(复数）numbers (2) 以s, x, sh, ch 等结尾的单词，一般在词尾加-----es. 如： bus----(复数）buses box-----(复数）boxes (3) 以辅音字母加y 结尾的词，需把y ---ies. 但遇到 元音字母加y结尾的词时，直接在词尾加 s 如：baby----（复数）babies boy--(复数）boys (4) 部分以f(e)结尾的词，变f(e)为-ves 如： Life---(复数）lives, shelf ---(复数）shelves (5)以o结尾的词加-s或es. 除potato----potatoes ， tomato---tomatoes , hero----heroes , negro ---negroes 其他变复数+ “s” 2. 物主代词 形容词 性物主代词 my your her his its our your their 名词 性物主代词 mine yours hers his its ours yours theirs 注意：①大部分的形容词性物主代词在后面加-s构成名词性物主代词，有3个特殊 情况my—mine, his—his, its—its. ②形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词。 如：Our books are new=The new books are ours. ③名词性物主代词作主语时，如果含义是单数，后面的be动词应该用is，如果含义是复数，那么be动词应该用复数形式are。 3．人称代词 人称代词代表人或事物，有人称、数和格的变化 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 主语 I We you you He; she; it; they 宾语 Me us you you Him; her; it; them (1) 人称代词主格做句子中的主语。 如：We live in China.我们住在。 （2）人称代词宾格接在动词和介词后 如：I live with him.我和他一起居住。 He looks like her.他看起来像她。 4. 名词所有格: s’ 或’s, 表示"……的"（有生命的） Kingman’s grandfathers康康的祖父母 Lucy’s family tree      路西的家谱 Teachers’ book       教师用书（教师们的书） “of”,表示…的，结构（无生命的） a photo of my family一张…的照片 a picture of my family 一张… 的照片 a map of China 一张中国地图 【七年级下册】 1. 一般现在时的用法 1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。 　 时间状语： never ，seldom， sometimes，often，usually，always，every+… 　 I usually go to school on foot.我通常走路去上学。 He often goes home by bike.他经常骑自行车回家。 2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。 　 The earth moves around the sun.（地球绕这太阳转。） 　 Shanghai lies in the east of China.（上海位于中国的东部。） 3) 表示格言或警句中。 　A mothers love never changes.　母爱永恒。 A bad thing never dies. 　遗臭万年。 4）表示目前存在的一种状态 I am a student 我是个学生 I like playing football. 我喜欢踢足球. 用动词的适当形式填空。 1John is always busy. He ____ ( sleep ) only six hours every day. 2 Maria often ____ ( do ) her homework in the evening. 3 Sometimes Kangkang ____ ( play ) basketball after school. 4 We never ___ ( play ) computer games at home. 5 The early bird ___ ( catch ) the worms. 6 I usually ____ (get ) up early in the morning. 7My mom ___ ( cook ) breakfast every days. 8 Lily ____ ( dance ) twice a week.. 9 Rick and Mary ____ ( come ) from America. 10 Jill’s friend ___ ( study ) in our school , too. 2. 现在进行时：表示正在进行或发生的动作. (1) 现在进行时的构成 现在进行时是由"am, is, are +doing (动词的现在分词)"构成的。其主要句型有： 1. 肯定句：主语+be+doing sth 2. 否定句：主语+be+not+doing sth. 3. 一般疑问句：be+主语+doing sth. 回答：Yes,.主语（代词）+be./ No , 主语（代词）+be +not. 4. 特殊问句：疑问词+be +主语+doing……? （二）现在进行时的用法： 　★表示现在或说话的此刻正在进行的动作。 　　1.通常由表示“此刻”的时间状语（如now, at this moment等），或通过Look， Listen ，It’s …o’clock, where is sb…? 等词连用。 Eg: Listen! Who is singing in the classroom? Look! Maria is dancing in the gym. It’s 12o’clock. Mr. King is watching TV. 2. ★表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 Eg: They are working on a farm these days 3.特殊：a. 表示经常反复的动作， 常与always…….频度副词连用，含有赞赏，厌恶，不满等感情色彩. Eg: She is always helping others. (表赞赏) He is always talking in class.(表不满) b.　表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作。 　　 能这样用的动词并不多，通常是arrive, leave, come, do, , fly, go, leave, return… 等表示位置转移的动词。这种用法比较生动，给人以一种期待感。 Eg: Tom is coming tomorrow evening. He is going to school 一般在动词末尾加-ing buy-----buying call----calling drink----drinking 以不发音字母e结尾的单词,去e加-ing come----coming drive----driving give-----giving 在重读闭音节中，末尾只有一个辅音字母,,要双写末尾辅音字母,再加-ing plan----planning swim----swimming stop---stopping sit---sitting 以ie结尾的词,变ie为y,再加-ing die----dying lie----lying 3．There be句型 1. 定义：There be句型表示某处存在某物或某人。 2. 结构： (1) There is +单数可数名词/不可数名词+ 地点状语. (2) There are +复数名词+地点状语. there是引导词，在句中不充当任何成分，翻译时也不必译出。句子的主语是某人或某物，谓语动词be要与主语（某人或某物）的数保持一致。当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时，谓语动词要与跟它最近的那个名词一致。 eg.① There is a bird in the tree.   树上有一只鸟。 ② There is a teacher and many students in our classroom.  我们教室里有一位老师和许多学生。 ③ There are two boys and a girl under the tree. 树下有两个男孩，一个女孩。 用is/ are填空： 1、There _____ some students in the classroom 2. There _____ a pencil, a book and two pens on the table. 3. There _____ two apples, one orange and one banana on the table. 4. There _____ a clock on the table. 5. There ______ some milk on the table。 6. There ______ some knives in the box.. 7. ______ there any books in the room?    Yes, there ______ 8. There ______ 60 minutes in an hour. 4. 祈使句 （1）表示向对方提出要求、指示、命令、劝告或征求对方意见等，祈使句的结构与陈述句一样。 （2）祈使句的主语通常为第二人称you，但主语常被省略。 （3）祈使句一般没有时态的变化。谓语动词用动词原形。 祈使句的基本机构： A.肯定结构：动词原形+其他 · Do型：以行为动词原形开头。 　 Come in, please.请进！ Be型：Be＋名词或形容词。 　 Be careful! 小心！ Be quiet! 请安静！ Let型：Let＋代词宾格＋动词原形。 Let me help you.让我帮助你吧！ Let’s go to the park this afternoon.今天下午我们去公园吧！ B.否定结构：Don’t+动词原形+其他 Don’t be nervous！别紧张！ 祈使句的否定形式：否定句是在肯定句的前面加Don’t. Don’t put your books here.不要把书放在这儿。 Don’t be late for school.上学不要迟到！ Don’t let him come in now.现在不让他进！ C.祈使句的特殊结构：No parking！禁止停车！ 【解读】No + doing 此种句式表示禁止做某事，此类标志用语一般用于 公共场所，有给人们提醒、警告的作用。如： No swimming! 　禁止游泳 No, smoking!　禁止吸烟！ 【精典例题】 ( ) Please ____ quiet in class. A. do B. keep C. have D. has 【精选习题】 ( )1. ___ make a turn here. It’s very dangerous. A. Do B. Please C. Don’t D. Aren’t ( )2. －＿＿＿＿！ The traffic is moving fast. --Thanks. I will. A. Stop. B. Don’t move. C. Be careful D. Be quiet 5. be动词的一般过去时的用法 　　be 动词的一般过去时表示过去某个时间存在的状态，通常和ago, last, yesterday, the day before yesterday, just now, a moment ago或者具体的过去的日期、年代连用。 　　⑴一般过去时中主语是第一人称或者第三人称单数、名词的单数形式时，谓语动词用was。当主语是第二人称或者复数形式时，谓语动词用were。 I was at home last night. The man was born in America. They were on the playground two hours ago. We were in the park yesterday morning. ⑵ be 动词的一般过去时的各种句式 肯定句：The old man was at home last night. The students were in the classroom two hours ago. 否定句：The old man was not (wasn’t) at home last night. The students were not (weren’t ) in the classroom two hours ago. 一般疑问句：Was the old man at home last night? Yes, he was. / No, he wasn’t. Were the students in the classroom two hours ago? Yes, they were. / No, they weren’t. 特殊疑问句：Where was the old man last night? When was the old man at home? 6. 行为动词的一般过去时，并且是一般疑问句形式。 一、一般过去时的定义： 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与a moment ago, yesterday, last year, just now, in 1990等表示过去的时间状语连用。 二、一般过去时结构 1. 肯定句: 主语+谓语动词的过去式+时间状语, 谓语动词不随人称的变化而变化。 She had a birthday party last week. 2. 否定句:主语+didn’t +动词原形+时间状语 She didn’t have a birthday party last week. 3. 一般疑问句: Did + 主语 + 动词原形+时间状语? 简单回答: Yes, …+did./No, …+ didn’t. Did she have a birthday party last week? Yes, she did. No, she didn’t. 4. 特殊疑问句: 疑问词 + 一般疑问句? What did she do last week? 三、行为动词的过去式的构成: 1. 一般情况: v+ed look—looked play—played 2. 以不发音的e结尾的:v+d live—lived hope—hope 3. 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词, 先双写辅音字母, 再加+ed stop—stopped plan—planned 4. 结尾是“辅音字母+y”结尾的, 先变 “y” 为 “i” 再加ed. study—studied worry—worried 5. 不规则的动词见教材P142. 四、规则动词过去式词尾-ed的读音: 清辅音后/t/, 元音、浊辅音/d/, /t/ /d/ 后面读/id/ 【综合性练习】 一. .单项填空 1. This morning I had ________ egg and a bottle of milk for my breakfast. A. an B. a C. the D./ 2. ---What’s the matter with you? ---I caught ________ bad cold and had to stay in ________. A. a;/ B. a; the C. a; a D. the; the 3. ---Have you seen _______ pen? I left it here this morning. ---Is it ________ black one? I think I saw it somewhere. A. a; the B. the; the C. the; a D. a; a 4. _______ sun is shining brightly. A. A B. An C. The D. / 5. There is _______ “h” in the word hour. A. a B. the C. an D./ 6. It is said that SARS has killed more than ________ people worldwide. A. three hundreds B. three hundreds’ C. three hundred’s D. three hundred 7. ---How many workers are there in your factory? ---There are two __________. A. hundreds B. hundred C. hundred of D. hundreds of 8. ---Which is the smallest number of the four? ---_______________. A. Two-thirds B. A half C. A quarter D. Three-fourths 9. ---What do you think of a war, Li Ming? ---I’ve no idea. But it’s a fact that _______ people had to leave their hometown during the War on Iraq. A. three thousands B. thousand of C. thousands of D. several thousands 10. We all think that the _______ century will bring us more hopes. A. twenty-first B. twentieth-first C. twenty-one D. twentieth-one 11. Tom, Please pass ________ the glasses. I want to read the newspapers. A. you B. me C. him D. her 12. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are ______ new words in it. A. a little B. little C. a few D. few 13. ---You want ________ sandwich? ---Yes, I usually eat a lot when I’m hungry. A. other B. another C. others D. the other 14. The doctors and nurses are doing their best to fight SARS. They think more of others than _______. A. they B. them C. themselves D. theirs 15. ---Which do you prefer, a bottle of orange or a bottle of milk? ---______________, thanks. I’d like a cup of tea. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None 二. 用所给代词的适当形式填空 1. This is not my pencil-box. _______ ( I ) is in the bag. 2. Trees are planted in ______ ( we ) country every year, which makes our country more and more beautiful. 3. ---Is that bike Miss Gao’s? ---Yes, it is ______(she) . Beautiful, isn’t it? 4. Help ______ (you) to some fruit, Jack. 5. ---Who taught your brother to surf? ---Nobody. He learnt all by _______ (he). 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $