Unit 6 Have you read Treasure Island yet？ 现在完成时（单元核心语法精练）英语鲁教版五四学制八年级上册

Unit 6 Have you read Treasure Island yet？ 核心语法精练（现在完成时） 目录 A考点概览·知识回顾 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 4 一、单项选择 4 二、完成句子 7 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 9 三、短文填空 9 现在完成时 ►►►1.定义： 1.过去的动作/状态对现在造成的影响或结果。 2.在过去某个时间开始并持续到现在的动作或者状态，有可能还会继续下去。past present（now） future I have lost my key.我把钥匙丢了 He has lived in Beijing for ten years.他在北京已经住了十年了。 ►►►2.结构 have/ has +过去分词 She has eaten breakfast, so she isn't hungry now.她已经吃过早饭了，所以她现在不饿。 ►►►3.句型 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + have/has done +其他 I have already finished my homework. 否定句 主语+ have/has not done+其他 I haven’t finished my homework yet. 一般疑问句 Have / Has＋主语＋过去分词＋其他? Have you finished your homework yet ? 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词? How long have you known him? ►►►4.现在分词的构成 （1） 规则变化（与动词过去式规则一样，此类称作规则动词） 一般在词尾直接加 -ed work→worked 以不发音的e结尾的，加 –d slice→sliced 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，改y为i加-ed study→studied 重读闭音节以一个辅音字母结尾的， 双写这个辅音字母后加 –ed stop→stopped （2） 过去分词的不规则变化 a.与该动词的原形及过去式相同（AAA型） cut →cut → cut cost → cost → cost hit → hit → hit put → put → put read → read → read hurt → hurt → hurt b.与该动词的原形相同（ABA型） become → became → become come → came → come run → ran → run c.与该动词的过去式相同（ABB型） meet → met → met keep → kept → kept sleep → slept →slept make → made →made bring → brought →brought buy →bought → bought think →thought → thought teach → taught → taught d.与该动词的原形与过去式都不同（ABC型） begin → began → begun speak → spoke → spoken choose → chose → chosen forget → forgot → forgotten drive →drove → driven write → wrote →written break → broke → broken eat → ate → eaten ►►►5.标志词 already (已经)，用于肯定句； yet (已经)，用于否定句,疑问句；just (刚刚)；ever (曾经) ； a few times (从不) ；before(以前) ；for+时间段；since+时间点\从句 He has already finished his homework.他已经完成了他的作业。 Have you finished your work yet?你完成你的工作了吗？ I haven't seen him yet.我还没见过他。 he has just left.她刚刚离开。 Have you ever been to Japan?你曾经去过日本吗？ He has never been late for school.他上学从不迟到。 He has kept the book for two weeks. 他借这本书2周了。 We have lived in this city for five years.我们在这个城市已经住了五年了。 The old man has worked here since 1990.这位老人从 1990 年起就在这里工作了。 ►►►6.一般现在时 VS 现在完成时 现在完成时 一般过去时 含义 重点在于强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或者动作从过去持续到现在 侧重于描述过去的事实或动作本身，与现在的关联不大 结构 have/has +过去分词 主语+动词过去式+其他 标志词 just，already，yet，ever never，before， so far等 yesterday,just now, the other day , in 1998, ten years ago, last Monday等 例句 I have watched this movie three times. She has lived in this city since 2015. I have lost my wallet. I watched a movie last night. He visited his grandparents last month. He worked in that company five years ago. 一、单项选择 1．—________ you ever ________ wild mushrooms (野生菌) yet? —No, it’s my first time to try them. A．Have；eaten B．Did；ate C．Will；eat D．Do；eat 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你以前吃过野生菌吗？——没有，这是我第一次尝试。 考查动词时态辨析。根据“yet”以及“it’s my first time to try them”可知，问句强调的是从过去到现在为止是否有过“吃野生菌”的经历，应用现在完成时。现在完成时的一般疑问句结构为“Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他”，主语是“you”，助动词用“Have”，“eat”的过去分词是“eaten”，故选A。 2．To protect pandas, the government ______ some natural parks to protect pandas these years. A．has built B．builds C．built D．is built 【答案】A 【详解】句意：为了保护熊猫，政府这些年已经建立了一些自然公园来保护熊猫。   考查动词时态辨析。has built 现在完成时；builds 一般现在时的第三人称单数形式；built 一般过去时；is built 一般现在时的被动语态。根据“these years”可知，该句时态为现在完成时，表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作，且主语“the government”和谓语“build”之间是主动关系，应用主动语态。故选A。 3．Recently, many people have known that Gansu provides the spicy hot pot which has ________ people. A．attract B．attracted C．attracts D．attracting 【答案】B 【详解】句意：最近，很多人已经知道甘肃提供的麻辣烫已经吸引了很多人。 考查时态。根据“have known that Gansu provides the spicy hot pot which has...people”可知此处表示过去的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时have/has done，故此处用过去分词attracted。故选B。 4．The visitors are very _________ to see so many changes _________. A．surprised; has taken place B．surprising; take place C．surprised; have taken place D．surprising; are taking place 【答案】C 【详解】句意：参观者看见如此多的变化发生非常惊讶。 考查形容词辨析，see的用法和现在完成时。surprised惊讶的，通常修饰人；surprising令人惊讶的，通常修饰物。根据“the visitor”可知此处形容词应用surprised，可排除BD选项；而see为感官动词，且其后补语强调“看”的过程，所以此处动词应用原形，根据语境可知参观者看到的变化已经发生，并强调其影响，应用现在完成时结构“have+done”，故选C。 5．—How many eggs has that hen __________? —Nearly one hundred. A．lay B．laid C．lied D．lain 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——那只母鸡已经下了多少个鸡蛋？——接近100个。 考查动词辨析。lay下蛋，产卵的动词原形/躺的过去式；laid下蛋，产卵的过去式和过去分词；lied说谎的过去式或过去分词；lain躺的过去分词。根据“has”可知用完成时态“has/have done sth”，动词应该用过去分词形式done，且此处表示“下蛋”，laid是lay的过去分词形式。故选B。 6．—Who knows the documentary China the Mission (任务) to the Moon? —Everyone in the class. We ________ it several times so far since our geography teacher ________ it. A．watched; introduced B．watch; introduces C．have watched; introduced D．will watch; introduces 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——谁知道纪录片《中国探月任务》？——班上每个人都知道。自从我们地理老师介绍后，到目前为止，我们已经看了好几次了。 考查现在完成时。根据“since”可知，此句应该用现在完成时，其结构为：have/has+动词的过去分词，主语是“we”，所以用“have watched”；根据“since”引导的时间状语从句应该用一般过去时，可知第二空应该用“introduce”的过去式“introduced”。故选C。 7．Mary is upset, because she has________ money. A．ran out B．ran out of C．run out of 【答案】C 【详解】句意：玛丽很沮丧，因为她的钱用完了。 考查动词短语。ran out耗尽；ran out of用完，是一般过去时形式；run out of用完了，是一般现在时和过去分词形式。run out后不能接宾语，要想带宾语，得用介词of，此空前有助动词has，故用现在完成时，run的过去分词是run，故用has run out of。故选C。 8．Jack’s train ________. Let’s go on waiting for him here. A．hasn’t arrived B．didn’t arrive C．doesn’t arrive D．won’t arrive 【答案】A 【详解】句意：杰克的火车还没到。我们继续在这里等他吧。 考查动词时态。hasn’t arrived现在完成时；didn’t arrive一般过去时；doesn’t arrive一般现在时；won’t arrive一般将来时。根据“Let’s go on waiting for him here.”可知火车还没到。用现在完成时，故选A。 9．—Have you ______ the birthday gift for your mum? —Yes, and she’ll like it, I think. A．make B．buy C．chose D．chosen 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你为你妈妈选好生日礼物了吗？——是的，我想她会喜欢的。 考查动词辨析和时态。make制造，动词原形；buy买，动词原形；chose选择，过去式；chosen选择，过去分词。根据“Have”可知本句是现在完成时，结构是“have+done”，空处应填过去分词。故选D。 10．—The new dress looks good on you. When did you buy it? —On July 7th. I ________ it for a week. A．have bought B．have had C．bought 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——这件新衣服你穿起来很好看。你什么时候买的？——7月7日。我已经拥有它一周了。 考查动词时态。根据“for a week”可知，一段时间要与现在完成时一起连用，结构为have/has done，且谓语动词要用延续性动词，buy是短暂性动词，have是延续性动词，故选B。 11．—My father and I ________ a lot of photos at the same place in the past ten years. —Those photos must be your valuable memories. A．will take B．have taken C．took D．were taking 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——在过去的十年里，我和父亲在同一个地方拍了很多照片。——那些照片一定是你宝贵的回忆。 考查时态。根据“in the past ten years”可知，此处用现在完成时have/has done的结构，故选B。 12．In the past 40 years, Zhang Guimei ________ many girls from poor areas in Yunnan. A．will help B．has helped C．helped 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在过去的40年里，张桂梅帮助了许多来自云南贫困地区的女孩。 考查现在完成时。will help一般将来时；has helped现在完成时 ；helped过去式，一般过去时。根据句中“In the past 40 years”可知，该句时态为现在完成时，所以应该填入has helped，作谓语。故选B。 13．With a ________ look, she said, “This is the first time I ________ flowers on my birthday.” A．surprised; have received B．surprised; received C．surprising; received D．surprising; have received 【答案】A 【详解】句意：她带着惊讶的表情说：“这是我第一次在生日时收到花。” 考查形容词辨析和时态。surprised惊讶的，通常修饰人；surprising令人惊讶的，通常修饰物。第一空修饰名词“look”，此处指她惊讶的表情，强调人的主观感受，所以用surprised；第二空，根据句型“This is the first time+从句”表示“这是第一次……”，从句中通常使用现在完成时，所以此处用have received。故选A。 14．Many universities _______ some cloud laboratories for research in the past few years. A．build B．have built C．will build D．are building 【答案】B 【详解】句意：许多大学在过去几年里已经建立了一些云实验室用于研究。 考查时态。根据“in the past few years.”可知，表示从过去持续到现在的动作，需用现在完成时。故选B。 15．—Look! The light is still on in our teacher’s office. —Maybe she ________ her work yet. A．doesn’t finish B．didn’t finish C．hasn’t finished D．won’t finish 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——看！我们老师办公室的灯还亮着。——也许她还没有完成工作。 考查动词时态。根据“yet”可知，此处强调动作从过去持续到现在仍未完成，应用现在完成时。故选C。 二、完成句子 16．The children have already visited the castle. (改为否定句) The children visited the castle . 【答案】 haven’t yet 【详解】句意：孩子们已经参观了城堡。句子是现在完成时，改为否定句时在助动词have后加not，缩写为haven’t，且把already改为yet，放句尾。故填haven’t；yet。 17．他刚刚为这本杂志写了他在农村的生活。 He has just his life in the countryside for this magazine. 【答案】 written about 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空格处缺“写关于……”，对应的英文需用“write about”，且根据“has just”判断，此处用现在完成时，动词需用过去分词形式。故填written；about。 18．我们的老师已经提醒我们要为这些家庭收集衣物和书籍。 Our teacher collecting clothes and books for these families. 【答案】 has reminded us of 【详解】remind sb of doing sth“提醒某人做某事”。表示“已经做某事”，用现在完成时，主语Our teacher是第三人称单数，助动词用has，remind的过去分词形式为reminded。故填has；reminded；us；of。 19．He has returned the book to the library.(改为一般疑问句) he the book to the library? 【答案】 Has returned 【详解】句意：他把书还给了图书馆。此句为现在完成时，“has”为助动词，直接移到句首构成一般疑问句，“returned”不变。故填Has；returned。 20．我已经把院子打扫干净了。 I already up the yard. 【答案】 have cleaned 【详解】打扫干净：clean up，动词短语；根据already可知此句用现在完成时，结构为“have/has + 过去分词”。主语是I，助动词用have，clean的过去分词为cleaned。故填have；cleaned。 21．雷山的交通越来越便利，已经开通了一条公交线路。 Transport in Leishan has become more convenient. A bus line opened. 【答案】 has been 【详解】根据中英文对照，可知缺少成分“已经（被）”，这里表达公交线路已经被开通，要用现在完成时的被动语态结构“have/has + been + 过去分词”。主语“A bus line”是单数，所以用“has”，“been”是“be”的过去分词，用于构成被动语态。故答案为has；been。 22．在过去的几十年里，南京发生了令人惊叹的变化。 Amazing changes in Nanjing in the past few decades. 【答案】have taken place 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空缺部分是 “发生”，“发生”的英文表达为take place，动词短语；又根据“in the past few decades”可知，时态为现在完成时，且该句主语是复数Amazing changes，所以此处应该填入have taken place，作谓语。故填have taken place。 23．This is the first time for Emily and her sister to visit Yantai.(改为同义句) Emily and her sister Yantai before. 【答案】 haven’t visited 【详解】句意：这是Emily和姐姐第一次来烟台。根据“This is the first time for Emily and her sister to visit Yantai.”可知，第一次来烟台，说明之前并没有来过，根据before可知，应用现在完成时have/has done的结构，and连接并列主语，助动词用have，否定用haven’t，后接过去分词visited，故填haven’t；visited。 24．Have you had your dinner?(作否定回答) , . 【答案】 No I haven’t 【详解】句意：你吃晚饭了么？have是助动词，否定回答为No, 人称代词+haven’t，疑问句中主语是you，回答用I，故填No；I；haven’t。 25．My father has taken the cat to the animal hospital.(改为一般疑问句) the cat to the animal hospital? 【答案】 Has your father taken 【详解】句意：我爸爸带猫去了动物医院。has taken是现在完成时结构，has是助动词，变成一般疑问句将其提到句首，肯定句中的my在疑问句中改为your，其他不变，故填Has；your；father；taken。 三、短文填空 阅读短文，用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文完整、正确。 The Secret Garden is a long novel written by an American writer Burnett. This novel came out in 1911. And then it 26 (be) popular for more than 100 years already. Mary, the main character, is bad-tempered (坏脾气的) so that few children want to make friends with her. When Mary is ten, her parents die. So she 27 (move) to England and lives with her uncle’s family. In the big and dark house, she always feels lonely and sad. One day, Mary finds a key to a closed garden by accident. And her life 28 (change) a lot ever since then. She becomes more friendly to her friends and finally the friendship heals (治愈) everyone in the house. I 29 (buy) the book five years ago. It is still one of my favorites on my bookshelf. Although I 30 (read) it many times, it can still bring me wonderful feelings every time I take it up. I believe everyone has a secret garden in his heart, and we should open it and let the sunshine in when we are sad. 【答案】 26．has been 27．moves 28．has changed 29．bought 30．have read 【导语】 本文主要介绍了《秘密花园》这本书的大概内容以及作者对它的喜爱。 26．句意：然后它已经流行了100多年了。根据“for more than 100 years already.”可知，本句是现在完成时，主语是单数，助动词用has。故填has been。 27．句意：所以她搬到了英国，和她叔叔一家住在一起。根据“and lives”可知，本句是一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，动词用三单形式。故填moves。 28．句意：从那以后，她的生活发生了很大的变化。根据“since then”可知，本句是现在完成时，主语第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has changed。 29．句意：我五年前买了这本书。根据“five years ago.”可知，本句是一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填bought。 30．句意：虽然我已经读了很多遍，但每次我拿起它，它仍然能给我带来奇妙的感觉。根据“many times”可知，本句应用现在完成时，主语是I，助动词用have。故填have read。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 6 Have you read Treasure Island yet？ 核心语法精练（现在完成时） 目录 A考点概览·知识回顾 1 B考点夯基·专项突破 4 一、单项选择 4 二、完成句子 5 C综合攻坚·能力跃升 6 三、语法选择 6 现在完成时 ►►►1.定义： 1.过去的动作/状态对现在造成的影响或结果。 2.在过去某个时间开始并持续到现在的动作或者状态，有可能还会继续下去。 past present（now） future ____________________________________.我把钥匙丢了 ____________________________________.他在北京已经住了十年了。 ►►►2.结构 _______________________+过去分词 ____________________________________.她已经吃过早饭了，所以她现在不饿。 ►►►3.句型 结构 例句 肯定句 I have already finished my homework. 否定句 I haven’t finished my homework yet. 一般疑问句 Have you finished your homework yet ? 特殊疑问句 How long have you known him? ►►►4.现在分词的构成 （1） 规则变化（与动词过去式规则一样，此类称作规则动词） 一般在词尾直接加 _________ work→__________ 以不发音的e结尾的，加_________ slice→__________ 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，_____为____，加________ study→__________ 重读闭音节以一个辅音字母结尾的， __________________后加_________ stop→__________ （2） 过去分词的不规则变化 a.与该动词的原形及过去式相同（AAA型） cut → ___________ → __________ cost → __________ → __________ hit → __________ → __________ put → __________ → __________ read →_______ → __________ hurt → ___________ → ________ B.与该动词的原形相同（ABA型） become → __________ → __________ come → __________ → __________ run → __________ → __________ C.与该动词的过去式相同（ABB型） meet → __________ → __________ keep → __________ → __________ sleep → __________ → __________ make → __________ → __________ bring → __________ → __________ buy →_______ → __________ think → ___________ → ________ teach → ___________ → ________ d.与该动词的原形与过去式都不同（ABC型） begin → __________ → __________ speak → __________ → __________ choose → __________ → __________ forget → __________ → __________ drive → __________ → __________ write → __________ → __________ break → __________ → _______ eat → __________ → ________ ►►►5.标志词 _________(已经)，用于肯定句； _________(已经)，用于否定句,疑问句； _________(刚刚)；_________(曾经) ； _________ (从不) ； _________(以前) ；_________+时间段； _________+时间点\从句 ____________________________________.他已经完成了他的作业。 ____________________________________t?你完成你的工作了吗？ ____________________________________.我还没见过他。 ____________________________________t.她刚刚离开。 ____________________________________?你曾经去过日本吗？ ____________________________________.他上学从不迟到。 ____________________________________. 他借这本书2周了。 ____________________________________.我们在这个城市已经住了五年了。 ____________________________________.这位老人从 1990 年起就在这里工作了。 ►►►6.一般现在时 VS 现在完成时 现在完成时 一般过去时 含义 重点在于强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或者动作从过去持续到现在 侧重于描述过去的事实或动作本身，与现在的关联不大 结构 标志词 例句 I have watched this movie three times. She has lived in this city since 2015. I have lost my wallet. I watched a movie last night. He visited his grandparents last month. He worked in that company five years ago. 1、 单项选择 1．—________ you ever ________ wild mushrooms (野生菌) yet? —No, it’s my first time to try them. A．Have；eaten B．Did；ate C．Will；eat D．Do；eat 2．To protect pandas, the government ______ some natural parks to protect pandas these years. A．has built B．builds C．built D．is built 3．Recently, many people have known that Gansu provides the spicy hot pot which has ________ people. A．attract B．attracted C．attracts D．attracting 4．The visitors are very _________ to see so many changes _________. A．surprised; has taken place B．surprising; take place C．surprised; have taken place D．surprising; are taking place 5．—How many eggs has that hen __________? —Nearly one hundred. A．lay B．laid C．lied D．lain 6．—Who knows the documentary China the Mission (任务) to the Moon? —Everyone in the class. We ________ it several times so far since our geography teacher ________ it. A．watched; introduced B．watch; introduces C．have watched; introduced D．will watch; introduces 7．Mary is upset, because she has________ money. A．ran out B．ran out of C．run out of 8．Jack’s train ________. Let’s go on waiting for him here. A．hasn’t arrived B．didn’t arrive C．doesn’t arrive D．won’t arrive 9．—Have you ______ the birthday gift for your mum? —Yes, and she’ll like it, I think. A．make B．buy C．chose D．chosen 10．—The new dress looks good on you. When did you buy it? —On July 7th. I ________ it for a week. A．have bought B．have had C．bought 11．—My father and I ________ a lot of photos at the same place in the past ten years. —Those photos must be your valuable memories. A．will take B．have taken C．took D．were taking 12．In the past 40 years, Zhang Guimei ________ many girls from poor areas in Yunnan. A．will help B．has helped C．helped 13．With a ________ look, she said, “This is the first time I ________ flowers on my birthday.” A．surprised; have received B．surprised; received C．surprising; received D．surprising; have received 14．Many universities _______ some cloud laboratories for research in the past few years. A．build B．have built C．will build D．are building 15．—Look! The light is still on in our teacher’s office. —Maybe she ________ her work yet. A．doesn’t finish B．didn’t finish C．hasn’t finished D．won’t finish 2、 完成句子 16．The children have already visited the castle. (改为否定句) The children visited the castle . 17．他刚刚为这本杂志写了他在农村的生活。 He has just his life in the countryside for this magazine. 18．我们的老师已经提醒我们要为这些家庭收集衣物和书籍。 Our teacher collecting clothes and books for these families. 19．He has returned the book to the library.(改为一般疑问句) he the book to the library? 20．我已经把院子打扫干净了。 I already up the yard. 21．雷山的交通越来越便利，已经开通了一条公交线路。 Transport in Leishan has become more convenient. A bus line opened. 22．在过去的几十年里，南京发生了令人惊叹的变化。 Amazing changes in Nanjing in the past few decades. 23．This is the first time for Emily and her sister to visit Yantai.(改为同义句) Emily and her sister Yantai before. 24．Have you had your dinner?(作否定回答) , . 25．My father has taken the cat to the animal hospital.(改为一般疑问句) the cat to the animal hospital? 三、短文填空 阅读短文，用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文完整、正确。 The Secret Garden is a long novel written by an American writer Burnett. This novel came out in 1911. And then it 26 (be) popular for more than 100 years already. Mary, the main character, is bad-tempered (坏脾气的) so that few children want to make friends with her. When Mary is ten, her parents die. So she 27 (move) to England and lives with her uncle’s family. In the big and dark house, she always feels lonely and sad. One day, Mary finds a key to a closed garden by accident. And her life 28 (change) a lot ever since then. She becomes more friendly to her friends and finally the friendship heals (治愈) everyone in the house. I 29 (buy) the book five years ago. It is still one of my favorites on my bookshelf. Although I 30 (read) it many times, it can still bring me wonderful feelings every time I take it up. I believe everyone has a secret garden in his heart, and we should open it and let the sunshine in when we are sad. 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $