Unit 4 Breaking boundaries 词汇拓展短语背记（二）清单-2025-2026学年高中英语外研版选择性必修第二册

该高中英语单元知识清单系统梳理了“Breaking Boundaries”主题下的词汇与短语，涵盖文化适应、社会关系、历史事件、情感态度等四大核心范畴，构建了从基础释义到语境应用的阶梯式学习支架，助力学生实现语言能力的进阶发展。 清单通过分类归纳、层级标注和语境关联等方式呈现知识体系，如将“culture shock”相关表达分为体验、克服、遭受三类，并用例句强化真实语用场景，体现语言能力与文化意识的融合。特别设计“高频难点标记”和“记忆口诀提示”，例如“joint effort”搭配“through joint effort”强调结构固定性，“be rewarding”后接动名词体现语法特征，帮助学生高效掌握易错点。同时提供“短语对比表”（如“detract from”与“reduce”差异）促进思维品质提升，支持学生自主复习与教师精准教学，显著增强学习效率与课堂互动质量。

UNIT 4 Breaking boundaries.词汇拓展短语背记（二） 序号 短语或句型 意思 例句（中英对照） 1 experience culture shock 经历文化冲击 1. Many international students experience culture shock when they first go abroad.（许多留学生初到国外时会经历文化冲击。）2. She wrote a diary about the culture shock she experienced in Japan.（她写日记记录了在日本经历的文化冲击。） 2 overcome culture shock 克服文化冲击 1. Making local friends helped him overcome culture shock quickly.（交当地朋友帮助他快速克服了文化冲击。）2. Reading books about the local culture can help you overcome culture shock.（读关于当地文化的书能帮你克服文化冲击。） 3 suffer from culture shock 遭受文化冲击 1. Some people suffer from culture shock so much that they want to go back home.（有些人遭受文化冲击的程度很深，以至于想回家。）2. He suffered from culture shock for months before adapting to the new life.（他遭受了几个月的文化冲击才适应新生活。） 4 joint effort 共同努力 1. It was through joint effort that we finished the difficult project on time.（正是通过共同努力，我们才按时完成了这个困难的项目。）2. Protecting the environment requires the joint effort of every citizen.（保护环境需要每个公民的共同努力。） 5 joint project 联合项目 1. Our school and a British school are working on a joint project about environmental protection.（我们学校和一所英国学校正在开展一个关于环保的联合项目。）2. The two companies signed an agreement to start a joint project next year.（两家公司签署协议，明年启动一个联合项目。） 6 joint venture 合资企业 1. This factory is a joint venture between a Chinese company and a German company.（这家工厂是一家中德合资企业。）2. They invested a lot of money to set up a joint venture in the technology park.（他们投入大量资金在科技园区成立了一家合资企业。） 7 harmonious society 和谐社会 1. Everyone should follow the rules to build a harmonious society.（每个人都应遵守规则，建设和谐社会。）2. A harmonious society needs mutual respect and understanding among people.（和谐社会需要人与人之间的相互尊重和理解。） 8 harmonious relationship 融洽的关系 1. Good communication helps maintain a harmonious relationship between friends.（良好的沟通有助于维持朋友间融洽的关系。）2. The teacher and students have a harmonious relationship in this class.（这个班的师生关系很融洽。） 9 harmonious family 和睦的家庭 1. A harmonious family provides a happy growth environment for children.（和睦的家庭为孩子提供快乐的成长环境。）2. They have a harmonious family where everyone helps each other.（他们有一个和睦的家庭，家人之间互相帮助。） 10 mutual respect 相互尊重 1. Mutual respect is the foundation of any good relationship.（相互尊重是任何良好关系的基础。）2. Students and teachers should treat each other with mutual respect.（学生和老师应相互尊重。） 11 mutual understanding 相互理解 1. Mutual understanding can solve many conflicts between people.（相互理解能解决人与人之间的许多矛盾。）2. We need to have mutual understanding when working in a team.（团队工作时，我们需要相互理解。） 12 mutual benefit 互利共赢 1. The cooperation between the two countries is based on mutual benefit.（两国之间的合作基于互利共赢。）2. This business deal brings mutual benefit to both companies.（这笔商业交易给两家公司带来互利共赢。） 13 rewarding job 有意义的工作 1. Being a teacher is a rewarding job because you can help students grow.（当老师是有意义的工作，因为你能帮助学生成长。）2. She thinks working in a charity is a rewarding job.（她认为在慈善机构工作是有意义的工作。） 14 rewarding experience 有益的经历 1. Volunteering in the countryside was a rewarding experience for her.（在农村做志愿者对她来说是有益的经历。）2. Traveling alone is a rewarding experience that teaches you independence.（独自旅行是有益的经历，能教会你独立。） 15 be rewarding 值得做的 1. Helping others is always rewarding, no matter how small the effort.（帮助别人总是值得做的，无论努力多小。）2. Learning a new language may be hard, but it is rewarding in the end.（学一门新语言可能很难，但最终是值得做的。） 16 mount the stage 登上舞台 1. She was nervous but excited when she mounted the stage to give a speech.（当她登上舞台演讲时，既紧张又兴奋。）2. The singer mounted the stage and was greeted with loud cheers.（歌手登上舞台，迎来了热烈的欢呼声。） 17 mount the stairs 走上楼梯 1. The old man walked slowly as he mounted the stairs.（老人走上楼梯时走得很慢。）2. She carried a heavy bag while mounting the stairs.（她提着一个重袋子走上楼梯。） 18 mount an attack 发起攻击 1. The soldiers waited for the order to mount an attack.（士兵们等待发起攻击的命令。）2. The army decided to mount an attack at dawn.（军队决定在黎明发起攻击。） 19 civil rights 公民权利 1. Martin Luther King Jr. fought for the civil rights of African Americans.（马丁·路德·金为非裔美国人的公民权利而斗争。）2. Every citizen should know and protect their civil rights.（每个公民都应了解并保护自己的公民权利。） 20 civil society 公民社会 1. Civil society plays an important role in promoting social progress.（公民社会在推动社会进步中发挥重要作用。）2. Many non-governmental organizations are part of civil society.（许多非政府组织是公民社会的一部分。） 21 civil service 公务员体系 1. He passed the exam to join the civil service last year.（他去年通过考试加入了公务员体系。）2. The civil service requires employees to be honest and responsible.（公务员体系要求员工诚实且负责。） 22 American Civil War 美国内战（专有名词） 1. The American Civil War lasted from 1861 to 1865.（美国内战从1861年持续到1865年。）2. The American Civil War was mainly about slavery and states' rights.（美国内战主要与奴隶制和州权有关。） 23 break out a civil war 爆发内战 1. The country was in chaos and was about to break out a civil war.（这个国家陷入混乱，即将爆发内战。）2. Poor living conditions and political conflicts made the civil war break out.（恶劣的生活条件和政治冲突导致内战爆发。） 24 end a civil war 结束内战 1. After years of fighting, the two sides finally agreed to end the civil war.（经过多年战斗，双方最终同意结束内战。）2. The United Nations helped mediate to end the civil war in that country.（联合国协助调解，结束了那个国家的内战。） 25 slave trade 奴隶贸易 1. The slave trade was a cruel practice that lasted for centuries.（奴隶贸易是持续了几个世纪的残酷行为。）2. Many countries passed laws to ban the slave trade in the 19th century.（19世纪，许多国家通过法律禁止奴隶贸易。） 26 free the slaves 解放奴隶 1. Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation to free the slaves.（亚伯拉罕·林肯颁布《解放黑人奴隶宣言》以解放奴隶。）2. It took a long time and great effort to free the slaves.（解放奴隶花费了很长时间和巨大努力。） 27 slave owner 奴隶主 1. Slave owners forced slaves to work long hours without pay.（奴隶主强迫奴隶长时间无偿工作。）2. The novel describes the cruel life of slaves under slave owners.（这本小说描述了奴隶在奴隶主手下的残酷生活。） 28 Confederate States 南部联邦各州（专有名词） 1. The Confederate States were made up of 11 southern states during the American Civil War.（美国内战期间，南部联邦各州由11个南方州组成。）2. The Confederate States fought against the Union in the American Civil War.（南部联邦各州在美国内战中与北部联邦作战。） 29 Confederate Army 南部联邦军队（专有名词） 1. The Confederate Army was led by Robert E. Lee during the American Civil War.（美国内战期间，南部联邦军队由罗伯特·李将军领导。）2. The Confederate Army suffered a major defeat at the Battle of Gettysburg.（南部联邦军队在葛底斯堡战役中遭受重大失败。） 30 Confederate soldier 南部联邦士兵 1. Many Confederate soldiers died in the American Civil War.（许多南部联邦士兵在美国内战中死亡。）2. The museum has a uniform worn by a Confederate soldier on display.（博物馆展出了一件南部联邦士兵穿的制服。） 31 the Union 北部联邦（专有名词） 1. The Union defeated the Confederate States in the American Civil War.（北部联邦在美国内战中击败了南部联邦各州。）2. Abraham Lincoln was the president of the Union during the American Civil War.（亚伯拉罕·林肯是美国内战期间北部联邦的总统。） 32 labor union 工会 1. The labor union negotiated with the company for better working conditions.（工会与公司谈判，争取更好的工作条件。）2. Many workers join the labor union to protect their rights.（许多工人加入工会以保护自己的权利。） 33 student union 学生会 1. The student union organized a charity sale to raise money for poor children.（学生会组织了一场义卖，为贫困儿童筹款。）2. She was elected as the president of the student union last month.（她上个月当选为学生会主席。） 34 civilian population 平民人口 1. The war caused great harm to the civilian population.（战争给平民人口带来了巨大伤害。）2. The government took measures to protect the civilian population during the conflict.（冲突期间，政府采取措施保护平民人口。） 35 civilian clothes 便服 1. The soldier wore civilian clothes when he went back home to visit his family.（士兵回家探亲时穿便服。）2. He changed into civilian clothes after finishing his work at the police station.（他在警察局下班后换上了便服。） 36 protect civilians 保护平民 1. The army's duty includes protecting civilians during wars.（军队的职责包括在战争期间保护平民。）2. The United Nations sent peacekeeping forces to protect civilians in the conflict area.（联合国派遣维和部队保护冲突地区的平民。） 37 division between A and B A与B之间的分歧 1. There is a division between the two groups on this issue.（在这个问题上，两个群体之间存在分歧。）2. The division between the north and south of the country is mainly due to economic differences.（这个国家南北之间的分歧主要源于经济差异。） 38 reduce division 减少分歧 1. More communication can help reduce division between people with different opinions.（更多沟通有助于减少持不同意见者之间的分歧。）2. The government launched a program to reduce division in society.（政府推出了一个项目来减少社会分歧。） 39 social division 社会分裂 1. Social division can lead to instability in a country.（社会分裂会导致一个国家的不稳定。）2. The policy aims to bridge social division and promote equality.（这项政策旨在弥合社会分裂，促进平等。） 40 bring forth new ideas 产生新想法 1. Brainstorming sessions can help bring forth new ideas.（头脑风暴会议有助于产生新想法。）2. Traveling to different places can bring forth new ideas for your work.（去不同地方旅行能为你的工作产生新想法。） 41 bring forth results 产生结果 1. Hard work and patience will bring forth good results.（努力和耐心会产生好结果。）2. The new policy has brought forth positive results in improving people's lives.（新政策在改善民生方面产生了积极结果。） 42 bring forth life 孕育生命 1. The earth brings forth life with its rich resources.（地球用其丰富的资源孕育生命。）2. The river and the land around it bring forth life for local people.（这条河及其周边的土地为当地人孕育生命。） 43 conceive an idea 构想一个想法 1. He conceived an idea to start a community library during his vacation.（假期期间，他构想了一个开办社区图书馆的想法。）2. It took her a long time to conceive an idea for her science project.（她花了很长时间才为自己的科学项目构想了一个想法。） 44 conceive a plan 设想一个计划 1. They conceived a plan to help students improve their English skills.（他们设想了一个帮助学生提高英语水平的计划。）2. The manager conceived a plan to expand the company's business.（经理设想了一个扩大公司业务的计划。） 45 conceive of sth. 想象某事 1. It's hard to conceive of a world without the Internet now.（现在很难想象一个没有互联网的世界。）2. She conceived of a better future where everyone lives in peace.（她构想了一个人人和平生活的更美好未来。） 46 fight for liberty 为自由而战 1. Many people fought for liberty against oppression in history.（历史上，许多人反抗压迫，为自由而战。）2. The soldiers fought for liberty and independence of their country.（士兵们为国家的自由和独立而战。） 47 personal liberty 个人自由 1. Everyone has the right to personal liberty within the law.（在法律范围内，每个人都有个人自由的权利。）2. Personal liberty allows people to make their own choices in life.（个人自由让人们能在生活中做出自己的选择。） 48 liberty to do sth. 做某事的自由 1. We have the liberty to express our opinions freely.（我们有自由表达观点的权利。）2. Children should have the liberty to play and explore.（孩子们应该有玩耍和探索的自由。） 49 endure pain 忍受痛苦 1. She endured great pain after the accident but never gave up.（事故后，她忍受着巨大的痛苦，但从未放弃。）2. The patient endured the pain of the treatment with courage.（病人勇敢地忍受着治疗带来的痛苦。） 50 endure for years 持续多年 1. The tradition has endured for years and is still kept by local people.（这个传统已经持续了多年，至今仍被当地人保留。）2. The friendship between them has endured for years despite the distance.（尽管相隔遥远，他们的友谊已经持续了多年。） 51 endure hardships 承受苦难 1. He endured many hardships when he was young, which made him stronger.（他年轻时承受了许多苦难，这让他变得更坚强。）2. The family endured hardships together and finally got through the difficult time.（一家人共同承受苦难，最终度过了困难时期。） 52 on the battlefield 在战场上 1. Many soldiers lost their lives on the battlefield.（许多士兵在战场上牺牲了生命。）2. The doctor saved many lives on the battlefield during the war.（战争期间，这位医生在战场上拯救了许多生命。） 53 battlefield medicine 战地医疗 1. Battlefield medicine is crucial for saving soldiers' lives during wars.（战地医疗对战争期间拯救士兵生命至关重要。）2. The army trained many medics in battlefield medicine.（军队培训了许多战地医疗医护人员。） 54 die on the battlefield 战死沙场 1. His grandfather died on the battlefield while fighting for his country.（他的祖父为国家作战，战死沙场。）2. The monument is in memory of those who died on the battlefield.（这座纪念碑是为了纪念那些战死沙场的人。） 55 a portion of food 一份食物 1. The cook gave each child a portion of food.（厨师给每个孩子分了一份食物。）2. She only ate a small portion of food because she wasn't hungry.（她只吃了一小份食物，因为她不饿。） 56 a portion of money 一部分钱 1. He donated a portion of his money to the charity.（他把一部分钱捐给了慈善机构。）2. She used a portion of the money to buy books for her children.（她用一部分钱给孩子们买了书。） 57 portion out sth. 分配某物 1. The teacher portioned out the candies to the students.（老师把糖果分发给学生们。）2. They portioned out the resources equally among the team members.（他们把资源在团队成员间平均分配。） 58 altogether different 完全不同 1. His new idea is altogether different from what we discussed before.（他的新想法和我们之前讨论的完全不同。）2. The two cultures are altogether different in many aspects.（这两种文化在许多方面完全不同。） 59 altogether three 总共三个 1. There are altogether three ways to solve this problem.（解决这个问题总共有三种方法。）2. Altogether three students from our class won the competition.（我们班总共有三名学生赢得了比赛。） 60 not altogether 不完全 1. His explanation is not altogether true—there are some mistakes.（他的解释不完全正确，有一些错误。）2. The plan is not altogether perfect, but it's still workable.（这个计划不完全完美，但仍然可行。） 61 consecrate a place 宣布一个地方为神圣之处 1. The ancient people consecrated this mountain as a holy place.（古人把这座山宣布为神圣之处。）2. The church was consecrated as a sacred place for worship.（这座教堂被宣布为礼拜的神圣之处。） 62 consecrate to God 奉献给上帝 1. He consecrated his life to God and became a priest.（他把自己的生命奉献给上帝，成为了一名牧师。）2. The believers consecrated the new church to God with a special ceremony.（信徒们通过特殊仪式把新教堂奉献给上帝。） 63 consecrate a church 圣化一座教堂 1. The bishop came to consecrate the new church last Sunday.（上周日，主教来圣化这座新教堂。）2. It took a long time to prepare to consecrate the old church.（准备圣化这座老教堂花了很长时间。） 64 hallow the ground 使这片土地成为神圣 1. The soldiers' blood hallowed the ground where they fought.（士兵们的鲜血使他们战斗过的土地成为神圣之地。）2. The local people hallowed the ground as a memorial to the heroes.（当地人把这片土地奉为神圣，作为对英雄们的纪念。） 65 hallowed place 圣地（hallowed为形容词） 1. This ancient temple is considered a hallowed place by local people.（这座古老的寺庙被当地人视为圣地。）2. They visited the hallowed place where the great leader was born.（他们参观了这位伟大领袖出生的圣地。） 66 hallow the memory 缅怀，使记忆神圣 1. We hold a ceremony every year to hallow the memory of the martyrs.（我们每年举行仪式，缅怀烈士们。）2. The book was written to hallow the memory of those who died for freedom.（这本书的撰写是为了缅怀那些为自由而牺牲的人。） 67 detract from sth. 损害某物 1. The ugly advertisement detracts from the beauty of the building.（难看的广告破坏了这座建筑的美感。）2. His rude behavior detracts from his good reputation.（他的粗鲁行为损害了他的好名声。） 68 detract from value 降低价值 1. The damage to the painting detracts from its value.（这幅画的损坏降低了它的价值。）2. Poor packaging can detract from the value of a product.（糟糕的包装会降低产品的价值。） 69 detract from reputation 损害声誉 1. Spreading false rumors will detract from a person's reputation.（散布虚假谣言会损害一个人的声誉。）2. The company's poor service has detracted from its reputation.（这家公司的差服务损害了它的声誉。） 70 act nobly 行为高尚地 1. He acted nobly by giving up his seat to the elderly man.（他把座位让给老人，行为高尚。）2. She acted nobly by donating all her prize money to charity.（她把所有奖金捐给慈善机构，行为高尚。） 71 fight nobly 英勇作战 1. The soldiers fought nobly to defend their country.（士兵们为保卫国家英勇作战。）2. He fought nobly against the enemy despite being outnumbered.（尽管寡不敌众，他仍英勇地与敌人作战。） 72 die nobly 崇高地牺牲 1. He died nobly while saving others from the fire.（他在火灾中救人时崇高地牺牲了。）2. The heroes died nobly for the freedom of their people.（英雄们为了人民的自由崇高地牺牲了。） 73 try in vain 白白尝试 1. He tried in vain to open the locked door.（他尝试打开锁着的门，但白费力气。）2. She tried in vain to persuade him to change his mind.（她试图说服他改变主意，但白费口舌。） 74 in vain efforts 徒劳的努力 1. All his in vain efforts made him very disappointed.（他所有徒劳的努力让他非常失望。）2. They didn't give up despite their in vain efforts so far.（尽管到目前为止他们的努力都是徒劳的，但他们没有放弃。） 75 search in vain 徒劳地寻找 1. She searched in vain for her lost keys everywhere.（她到处徒劳地寻找丢失的钥匙。）2. The police searched in vain for the missing child in the forest.（警察在森林里徒劳地寻找失踪的孩子。） 76 perish in a fire 在火灾中死亡 1. Several people perished in the fire that broke out in the building.（大楼发生火灾，有几人在火灾中死亡。）2. The old tree perished in the fire after standing for hundreds of years.（这棵古树屹立了数百年，最终在火灾中毁灭。） 77 perish from hunger 死于饥饿 1. Many people perished from hunger during the drought.（干旱期间，许多人死于饥饿。）2. The poor animal perished from hunger because no one fed it.（这只可怜的动物因为没人喂食，死于饥饿。） 78 perish in battle 战死沙场 1. His father perished in battle when he was only five years old.（他五岁时，父亲战死沙场。）2. Thousands of soldiers perished in battle during the war.（战争期间，数千名士兵战死沙场。） 79 influential person 有影响力的人 1. Einstein was an influential person who changed the world of science.（爱因斯坦是改变科学领域的有影响力的人。）2. She hopes to become an influential person who can help others.（她希望成为一个能帮助别人的有影响力的人。） 80 influential book 有影响力的书 1. "The Communist Manifesto" is an influential book that has shaped world history.（《共产党宣言》是一本影响世界历史的有影响力的书。）2. His new book has become an influential book among young people.（他的新书已成为一本在年轻人中具有影响力的书。） 81 be influential in sth. 在……方面有影响 1. Technology is influential in changing people's lifestyles.（科技在改变人们生活方式方面有影响。）2. She is influential in the field of education with her new ideas.（她凭借新想法在教育领域有影响。） 82 Communist Party 共产党（专有名词） 1. The Communist Party of China was founded in 1921.（中国共产党成立于1921年。）2. The Communist Party leads the people to build a better life.（共产党领导人民建设更美好的生活。） 83 communist ideology 共产主义思想 1. Communist ideology emphasizes equality and justice for all people.（共产主义思想强调人人平等和公平。）2. He studied communist ideology and believed in its values.（他研究共产主义思想，并信奉其价值观。） 84 communist country 共产主义国家 1. China is a great communist country that focuses on people's well-being.（中国是一个关注民生的伟大共产主义国家。）2. Communist countries work to achieve common prosperity for their people.（共产主义国家致力于实现人民的共同富裕。） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $