Unit 3语法：There be 句型 & 方位介词（重难点、易错点+真题+强训）2025-2026学年人教版（2024）七年级上册

该初中英语讲义通过知识框架图系统构建了There be句型与方位介词的复习体系，将There be句型的定义、时态变化、就近原则、与have/has区别等要点，以及方位介词的核心用法、易混淆辨析（如in front of与in the front of）按“基础定义-重点规则-难点突破”逻辑梳理，并用对比表格呈现be动词单复数及时态变化和介词用法差异。 讲义亮点在于“分层训练+真题衔接”设计，如就近原则专项练习（There is a pen and some paper...）、中考真题（2023北京中考There be就近原则题）及强化训练（单选、填空、句型转换），培养语言运用和逻辑思维品质。基础练习助学生掌握规则，真题训练提升应试能力，答案解析支持自主复习，教师可据此实施精准分层教学。

新七上U3语法： There be 句型 & 方位介词 （重难点、易错点+中考真题+强化训练） 一、There be 句型 就近原则！ （一）定义 There be 句型表示 “某地有某物 / 某人”，强调 “存在”， 结构： There + be 动词（is/are/was/were）+ 主语 + 地点状语 be 动词的单复数由主语的单复数决定，遵循 “就近原则”（即 be 动词与靠近它的主语保持一致）。 （二）重点 1. be 动词的时态变化： 0. 一般现在时：主语单数 / 不可数名词用is，主语复数用are； 0. 一般过去时：主语单数 / 不可数名词用was，主语复数用were。 2. 句型结构： 肯定句：There + be 动词（is/are/was/were）+ 主语 + 地点状语 否定句：There + be 动词（is/are/was/were）+not + 主语 + 地点状语 is not=isn't；are not=aren't；was not=wasn't；were not=weren't 一般疑问句：Be 动词（Is/Are/Was/Were）+there + 主语 + 地点状语? 肯定回答：Yes, there is/are/was/were. 否定回答：No, there isn't/aren't/wasn't/weren't. 3. 就近原则：当主语有多个且由 “and” 连接时，be 动词与最靠近它的主 语一致。 例：There is a book and two pens on the desk.（靠近 be 动词的 “a book” 是单数，用 is） 练习1：就近原则应用（5 题） 1. There ______ a pen and some paper on the desk. (is/are) 2. ______ there any apples and a banana in the basket? (Is/Are) 3. There ______ two girls and a boy in the photo. (is/are) 4. There ______ a book, a ruler and two erasers in my bag. (is/are) 5. ______ there a library and three classrooms on this floor? (Is/Are) （三）难点 1. There be 句型与 “have/has” 的区别： 0. There be 表 “存在”，无所属关系； 0. have/has 表 “拥有”，有所属关系。 例：There is a park near my home.（存在） I have a new bag.（拥有）。 2. 特殊疑问句：用 “What + be 动词 + 地点状语？ ” 提问存在的事物。例：What is on the table?（桌子上有什么？） 练习2：There be 与 have/has 辨析（5 题） 1. Our classroom ______ two blackboards. (has/there are) 2. ______ a big tree in front of our school. (There is/Has) 3. My father ______ a new car. ______ a red car in our garage. (has/There is) 4. ______ three bedrooms in this house. It ______ a small garden too. (There are/has) 5. The library ______ many books. ______ a lot of students in it now. (has/There are) （四）易错点 1. 误用 “have/has” 代替 There be： 错句：The room has a window. 正确： There is a window in the room.（表存在应用there be句型） 2. 忽略就近原则： 错句：There are a pen and three pencils in the box. 正确：There are a pen and three pencils in the box. （靠近 be 动词的 “a pen” 是单数，应用 is） 3. 地点状语缺失或错误： 错句：There is a cat. 正确：There is a cat on the sofa.（需补充地点） 练习3：There be 句型练习（10 题） 1. There ______ a map on the wall. (is/are) 2. There ______ two chairs and a desk in the room. (is/are) 3. ______ there a library in your school? (Is/Are) 4. There ______ not any milk in the glass. (is/are) 5. There ______ some books on the shelf yesterday. (was/were) 6. ______ there any trees in the park last year? (Was/Were) 7. There ______ a football match tomorrow. (will be/is going to be)（提示：一般将来时结构） 8. The classroom ______ 40 desks. (has/there are)（区分 have 与 There be） 9. There ______ a dog and two cats under the bed. (is/are)（就近原则） 10. —Is there a post office near here? —No, ______. (there is/there isn't) 二、方位介词 （一）定义 方位介词是表示人或事物在空间位置关系的介词， 常用介词包括：in, on, under, beside, behind, in front of, between, near, above, below 等。 （二）重点 核心方位介词用法： 0. in：在…… 内部（如 in the box 在盒子里）； 0. on：在…… 表面（与表面接触，如 on the desk 在桌子上）； 0. under：在…… 正下方（如 under the chair 在椅子下）； 0. beside：在…… 旁边（如 beside the river 在河边）； 0. behind：在…… 后面（如 behind the door 在门后）； 0. in front of：在…… 前面（外部前面，如 in front of the building 在大楼前）； 0. between：在两者之间（如 between the two trees 在两棵树之间）； 0. near：在…… 附近（距离较近，如 near the school 在学校附近）。 （三）难点 1. 易混淆介词辨析： 1　 in front of vs in the front of： in front of 指 “外部前面”，in the front of 指 “内部前面” 例：He stands in front of the car. 他站在车前面（车外） He sits in the front of the car. 他坐在车前排（车内））； 2　 above vs on： above 指 “在…… 上方（不接触）”，on 指 “接触表面” 例：A bird flies above the roof. 鸟在屋顶上方飞； A book is on the roof. 书在屋顶上 3　 under vs below： under 指 “正下方”，below 指 “下方（非正下方）” 例：The cat is under the table. 猫在桌子正下方 The temperature is below zero. 气温在零度以下）。 练习4：方位介词易混淆辨析（5 题） 2. The driver sits ______ the car. (in the front of/in front of) 3. The moon is ______ the earth. (above/on) 4. The cat is ______ the table. Its tail is touching the table leg. (under/below) 5. There is a tree ______ the house. The house is between the tree and the road. (beside/between) 6. The picture is ______ the wall. The window is ______ the wall. (on/in) （四）易错点 1. 介词搭配错误： 错句：The pen is on the bag. 笔在包里，应用 in the bag；on 表示 “在包表面”，逻辑不符 正确：The pen is in the bag. 2. 混淆 “in front of” 与 “in the front of”： 错句：She sits in front of the classroom. 她在教室内部前面，应用 in the front of 正确：She sits in the front of the classroom. 3. 漏用介词： 错句：The ball is the bed. 正确：需加 under，即 The ball is under the bed. 练习5：方位介词练习（10 题） 1. The book is ______ the shelf. (in/on) 2. My schoolbag is ______ the chair. (under/on) 3. There is a garden ______ my house. (in front of/in the front of)（外部前面） 4. The bank is ______ the supermarket and the restaurant. (between/near) 5. A kite is flying ______ the building. (above/on)（不接触） 6. The teacher's desk is ______ the classroom. (in the front of/in front of)（内部） 7. My shoes are ______ the bed. (under/below)（正下方） 8. There is a park ______ my home. I walk there every day. (near/in) 9. The picture is ______ the wall. (on/in) 10. The cat is hiding ______ the door. (behind/beside) 三、3 年内真题训练（10 题） 1. （2023・北京中考）There ______ a big park and some small shops near my community. ( ) A. is B. are C. was D. were 2. （2024・上海中考）—______ there any interesting films in the cinema this weekend? ( ) —Yes, there will be one about space. A. Is B. Are C. Will there be D. Were 3. （2022・广东中考）The students are planting trees ______ the school playground. ( ) A. in B. on C. under D. beside 4. （2023・江苏苏州中考）There ______ no milk in the fridge yesterday. My mom bought some this morning. ( ) A. is B. are C. was D. were 5. （2024・浙江杭州中考）The library is ______ the science lab and the art room. You can find it easily. ( ) A. between B. near C. in front of D. behind 6. （2023・山东济南中考）—Is there a bookstore on this street? ( ) —No, ______. But there is one on the next street. A. there is B. there isn't C. it is D. it isn't 7. （2022・湖北武汉中考）There ______ a sports meeting in our school next month. ( ) A. will be B. was C. is D. are 8. （2024・四川成都中考）The cat is hiding ______ the sofa, so we can't see it. ( ) A. on B. under C. in front of D. beside 9. （2023・安徽合肥中考）There ______ two dictionaries and a notebook on my desk now. ( ) A. is B. are C. was D. were 10. （2024・湖南长沙中考）The teacher's desk is ______ the blackboard. All students can see it clearly. ( ) A. in the front of B. in front of C. behind D. beside 四、强化训练（满分 100 分） （一）单项选择（每题 2 分，共 40 分） 1. There ______ some bread and eggs on the plate. ( ) A. is B. are C. was D. were 2. —______ there a post office near your home? ( ) —Yes, there is. I often send letters there. A. Do B. Is C. Are D. Did 3. The pen is ______ the pencil case. You can open it to find it. ( ) A. on B. in C. under D. beside 4. There ______ a lot of people in the park last Sunday. ( ) A. is B. are C. was D. were 5. My home is ______ the hospital. It takes me 5 minutes to walk there. ( ) A. between B. near C. in front of D. behind 6. There ______ not any water in the bottle. Let's buy some. ( ) A. is B. are C. was D. were 7. The picture is hanging ______ the window. It looks very nice. ( ) A. above B. on C. under D. in 8. —Will there be a concert in the square tonight? ( ) —______. The weather report says it will rain heavily. A. Yes, there will B. No, there won't C. Yes, there is D. No, there isn't 9. There ______ a new library in our school next year. ( ) A. is B. will be C. was D. were 10. The dog is sitting ______ the door. It's waiting for its owner. ( ) A. in front of B. behind C. in the front of D. under 11. There ______ a ruler, two pens and an eraser in my pencil box. ( ) A. is B. are C. was D. were 12. The supermarket is ______ the bank and the hotel. You can take the No. 3 bus there. ( ) A. near B. between C. behind D. beside 13. There ______ no computers in our classroom 10 years ago. ( ) A. is B. are C. was D. were 14. The little girl is standing ______ her mother. She is afraid of the dog. ( ) A. beside B. under C. above D. in 15. —Is there a swimming pool in your community? ( ) —No, ______. But there is one in the community next to ours. A. there is B. there isn't C. it is D. it isn't 16. There ______ some new books in the library. Let's go to borrow some. ( ) A. is B. are C. was D. were 17. The plane is flying ______ the mountains. It will arrive in Beijing soon. ( ) A. on B. under C. above D. in 18. There ______ a football match on TV last night. Did you watch it? ( ) A. is B. are C. was D. were 19. The teacher's desk is ______ the classroom. It's near the blackboard. ( ) A. in front of B. in the front of C. behind D. beside 20. There ______ not any apples in the basket. My dad will buy some this afternoon. ( ) A. is B. are C. was D. were （二）填空题（每空 2 分，共 30 分） 21. There ______ (be) a small river near my hometown. Many children play there in summer. 22. There ______ (be) two apples and a banana on the table just now. 23. The schoolbag is ______ (on/in) the desk. It's not in the drawer. 24. There ______ (not be) any parks in this area 5 years ago. Now there are three. 25. The cat is hiding ______ (behind/beside) the sofa. I can see its tail. 26. There ______ (be) a new shopping mall in our city next year. 27. The book is ______ (between/near) the two dictionaries. You can take it out. 28. There ______ (be) some milk in the fridge. Do you want a glass? 29. The boy is standing ______ (in front of/in the front of) the classroom. He is giving a speech. 30. There ______ (not be) any students in the classroom now. They are having a P.E. class. 31. The kite is flying ______ (above/on) the house. It's very high. 32. There ______ (be) a lot of rain here last month. The streets were often wet. 33. The bank is ______ (near/under) my home. I can walk there in 3 minutes. 34. There ______ (be) a concert in the music hall tomorrow evening. 35. The pen is ______ (under/below) the chair. It's right on the floor. （三）句型转换（每题 5 分，共 30 分） 36.There is a park near my home.（改为否定句） 37. There are two books on the desk.（改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答） 38. There was a football match yesterday.（改为一般疑问句并作否定回答） 39. The cat is under the bed.（对划线部分提问，划线部分：under the bed） 40. There will be a new school in this area next year.（改为否定句） 41. The library is between the post office and the hospital.（对划线部分提问，划线部分：between the post office and the hospital） 五、答案与解析 练习1：就近原则应用答案和解析 1. is（靠近 be 动词的 “a pen” 是单数，用 is） 2. Are（靠近 be 动词的 “any apples” 是复数，用 Are） 3. are（靠近 be 动词的 “two girls” 是复数，用 are） 4. is（靠近 be 动词的 “a book” 是单数，用 is） 5. Is（靠近 be 动词的 “a library” 是单数，用 Is） 练习2：There be 与 have/has 辨析 1. has（“教室拥有两块黑板”，表所属，用 has） 2. There is（“学校前面有一棵大树”，表存在，用 There is） 3. has; There is（第一空 “爸爸拥有一辆新车”，用 has；第二空 “车库里有一辆红色汽车”，表存在，用 There is） 4. There are; has（第一空 “房子里有三间卧室”，表存在，用 There are；第二空 “它有一个小花园”，表所属，用 has） 5. has; There are（第一空 “图书馆有很多书”，表所属，用 has；第二空 “里面现在有很多学生”，表存在，用 There are） 练习3：There be 句型练习答案与解析 1. is（主语 “a map” 是单数，一般现在时用 is） 2. are（主语 “two chairs” 是复数，就近原则，用 are） 3. Is（主语 “a library” 是单数，一般疑问句将 Is 提前） 4. is（“milk” 是不可数名词，否定句用 is not=isn't） 5. were（主语 “some books” 是复数，过去时用 were） 6. Were（主语 “any trees” 是复数，过去时一般疑问句将 Were 提前） 7. will be/is going to be（一般将来时，There will be 或 There is going to be 均可） 8. has（表 “拥有”，主语 “the classroom” 是单数，用 has；There are 表存在，此处逻辑不符） 9. is（就近原则，靠近 be 动词的 “a dog” 是单数，用 is） 10. there isn't（一般疑问句否定回答，No 后接 there isn't） 练习4：方位介词易混淆辨析 1. in the front of（“司机坐在车内部前排”，用 in the front of） 2. above（“月亮在地球上方，不接触”，用 above） 3. under（“猫在桌子正下方，尾巴碰到桌腿”，用 under） 4. beside（“房子旁边有一棵树”，两者之间用 between，此处是 “树在房子旁边”，用 beside） 5. on; in（“画挂在墙表面”，用 on；“窗户在墙内部”，用 in） 练习5：方位介词练习答案与解析 1. on（书在书架表面，用 on） 2. under/on（均符合逻辑，under 表 “在椅子下”，on 表 “在椅子上”） 3. in front of（“花园在房子外部前面”，用 in front of） 4. between（“在超市和餐厅两者之间”，用 between） 5. above（风筝在大楼上方，不接触，用 above） 6. in the front of（讲桌在教室内部前面，用 in the front of） 7. under（鞋子在床正下方，用 under） 8. near（公园在我家附近，距离近，用 near） 9. on（画挂在墙表面，用 on） 10. behind（猫躲在门后面，用 behind） （三）3 年内真题训练答案与解析 1. A（就近原则，靠近 be 动词的 “a big park” 是单数，一般现在时用 is；2023 北京中考） 2. C（答句用 “will be”，问句需用 “Will there be” 提问；2024 上海中考） 3. B（“在操场表面上种树”，用 on；2022 广东中考） 4. C（“milk” 是不可数名词，过去时用 was；2023 江苏苏州中考） 5. A（“在科学实验室和美术室两者之间”，用 between；2024 浙江杭州中考） 6. B（There be 句型一般疑问句否定回答用 “No, there isn't”；2023 山东济南中考） 7. A（“next month” 表将来，用 will be；2022 湖北武汉中考） 8. B（“猫躲在沙发下，所以看不见”，用 under；2024 四川成都中考） 9. B（就近原则，靠近 be 动词的 “two dictionaries” 是复数，现在时用 are；2023 安徽合肥中考） 10. B（“讲桌在黑板前面（外部）”，学生能看清，用 in front of；2024 湖南长沙中考） （四）强化训练答案与解析 1. 单项选择（每题 2 分，共 40 分） 1. A（“bread” 是不可数名词，就近原则，用 is） 2. B（There be 句型一般疑问句，主语 “a post office” 是单数，用 Is） 3. B（“笔在铅笔盒内部”，用 in） 4. D（“a lot of people” 是复数，过去时用 were） 5. B（“家在医院附近，步行 5 分钟”，用 near） 6. A（“water” 是不可数名词，否定句用 is not=isn't） 7. A（“画挂在窗户上方，不接触”，用 above） 8. B（答句 “会下大雨”，表否定，用 No, there won't） 9. B（“next year” 表将来，用 will be） 10. B（“狗坐在门后面等主人”，用 behind） 11. A（就近原则，靠近 be 动词的 “a ruler” 是单数，用 is） 12. B（“在银行和酒店之间”，用 between） 13. D（“computers” 是复数，过去时用 were） 14. A（“小女孩站在妈妈旁边”，用 beside） 15. B（There be 句型一般疑问句否定回答，用 No, there isn't） 16. B（“some new books” 是复数，现在时用 are） 17. C（“飞机在山上方飞”，不接触，用 above） 18. C（“last night” 表过去，“a football match” 是单数，用 was） 19. B（“讲桌在教室内部前面”，用 in the front of） 20. B（“apples” 是复数，现在时否定用 are not=aren't） 2. 填空题（每空 2 分，共 30 分） 21. is（“a small river” 是单数，现在时用 is） 22. were（“two apples” 是复数，“just now” 表过去，用 were） 23. on（“书包在桌子表面”，用 on） 24. were not/weren't（“parks” 是复数，“5 years ago” 表过去，否定用 weren't） 25. behind（“能看到猫尾巴，躲在沙发后面”，用 behind） 26. will be/is going to be（“next year” 表将来，两种结构均可） 27. between（“在两本词典之间”，用 between） 28. is（“milk” 是不可数名词，现在时用 is） 29. in the front of（“男孩在教室内部前面演讲”，用 in the front of） 30. is not/isn't（“now” 表现在，“students” 是复数？注：“any students” 表复数，但 be 动词由 “students” 决定，此处应为 are not/aren't，修正：原句主语是 “any students”，复数，否定用 are not/aren't） （修正解析：“students” 是复数，现在时否定用 are not/aren't） 31. above（“风筝在房子上方飞，很高”，用 above） 32. was（“rain” 是不可数名词，“last month” 表过去，用 was） 33. near（“银行在我家附近，步行 3 分钟”，用 near） 34. will be/is going to be（“tomorrow evening” 表将来，两种结构均可） 35. under（“笔在椅子正下方地板上”，用 under） 3. 句型转换（每题 5 分，共 30 分） 36. There is not a park near my home. / There isn't a park near my home. （There be 句型否定句，在 is 后加 not，可缩写为 isn't） 37. —Are there two books on the desk? —Yes, there are. （改为一般疑问句：将 are 提前；肯定回答：Yes, there are） 38. —Was there a football match yesterday? —No, there wasn't. （改为一般疑问句：将 was 提前；否定回答：No, there wasn't） 39. Where is the cat? （对地点提问用 where，将 be 动词 is 提前，主语 the cat 紧跟） 40. There will not be a new school in this area next year. / There won't be a new school in this area next year. （一般将来时否定句，在 will 后加 not，可缩写为 won't） 41. Where is the library? （对地点提问用 where，将 be 动词 is 提前，主语 the library 紧跟） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $