专题02 不定式和动名词作宾语 (期中复习讲义) 八年级英语上学期新教材外研版

专题02 动词不定式和动名词作宾语（期中复习讲义） 单元 语法点 常考题型 命题趋势 Unit 3 动词不定式和 动名词作宾语 单项选择 语法填空等 1.注重素养：更加注重对学生英语核心素养的考查。 2.情境化突出：借助生活、学校、社会等多种情境，将语法考察与实际生活相结合。 3.文化传承与价值导向明显：注重选取具有文化内涵和思想价值的语篇。 4.聚焦易错点:命题会集中在动词不定式和动名词的一些易错点上。 知识点 一. 什么是宾语？ 宾语是动作的承受者，通常放在及物动词后面。宾语可以是名词、代词等。 例：I love you. (代词作宾语) 例：She plays basketball. (名词作宾语) 那么，当一个动作（动词）作为另一个动作的宾语时，该怎么办呢？ 这时，这个动词就要变成 “非谓语形式”，即动词不定式 (to do)或动名词 (doing)。 二. 动词不定式 (The Infinitive) 定义：是动词的一种非谓语形式，常跟在表示“计划、意愿、希望”等意义的动词后，用于表达具体的动作或意图，不能单独作谓语，但可以充当其他成分，比如宾语。 基本结构：肯定：to + 动词原形， 否定：not to + 动词原形 常接不定式作宾语的动词有： learn 学会 plan 计划 decide 决定 try 尽力 choose 选择 agree 同意 refuse 拒绝 pretend 假装 offer 主动 would like / want 想要 expect 期望 hope / wish 希望 promise 承诺 afford 负担得起 prefer 喜欢 help 帮助(help to do / help do) like 喜欢(like to do / doing) continue 继续(continue to do / doing) begin / start 开始(begin / start to do / doing) 如：I would like to have a sandwich. 我想要吃一个三明治。 He wants to learn English. 他想学英语。 She tried to finish the work. 她努力完成工作。 三. 动名词 (The Gerund) 定义： 由动词变化而来，同时具有动词和名词的特征。它保留了动词可接宾语的特点，又在句中起名词的作用。常跟在表示 “喜好、习惯、避免” 等意义的动词或动词短语后，强调动作的持续性或抽象概念。 基本结构：动词 + ing （1）作动词的宾语 常见的此类动词(词组)有： advise 建议 allow 允许 permit批准；许可 avoid 避免 enjoy 喜欢 finish 完成 keep 保持 mind 介意 practice 练习 give up 放弃 suggest 建议 consider 考虑 keep on 坚持 can't help 情不自禁 I have already finished reading this book. 我已经读完这本书了。 We practise speaking English daily. 我们每天练习说英语。 He enjoys reading novels. 他喜欢读小说。 （2）作介词的宾语 介词后如果接动词作宾语， 常要用动名词形式。 think about 考虑 worry about 担忧 be/get used to 习惯于 look forward to 期待 pay attention to 注意 We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. 我们正考虑为下学期制订新的计划。 We're looking forward to receiving your letter. 我们盼望收到你的来信。 四、既可接不定式也可接动名词的词 1. 有的动词后面既可接动词不定式，也可接动名词作宾语，意义不变。 如：begin, start, hate, like, love等。 He begins to read English. / He begins reading English. 他开始读英语。 2. 有些动词后接不定式或动名词时，意义差别较大。 forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事(事还没做) forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(事已做) remember to do sth. 记得要做某事(事还没做) remember doing sth. 记得做过某事(事已做) stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事(去做另一件事) 　　　 stop doing sth. 停止做某事(不做了) try to do sth. 努力做某事 try doing sth. 尝试做某事 go on to do sth. 继续去做某事(继续做不同的事) 　go on doing sth. 继续不停地做某事(同一动作的继续) 如：Don't forget to close the windows before you leave. 你离开前别忘记关窗户。 Have you forgotten meeting her in Beijing Airport? 你忘了在北京机场已经见过她了吗？ 五、特殊情况 （1）动词不定式作宾语，置句末，前面用it指代不定式，it是形式宾语。 如：We found it difficult to understand what you said. 我们发现很难理解你所说的话。 （2）有的动词在不定式前可加上疑问词（who，what，which等）作宾语（即“动词+疑问词+to do” 结构），常见的有：show 表明、指示；know 知道；tell 告诉；teach 教；learn 学习；decide 决定。 如：Larry didn’t know how to tell her the bad news. 拉里不知道如何告诉她这个坏消息。 （3） 逻辑主语：动名词的逻辑主语可由形容词性物主代词或名词所有格构成。 如：I don’t mind his coming late.我不介意他迟到。 六、口决助记 考虑建议盼原谅(`consider, suggest, look forward to, excuse, pardon` + doing) 承认推迟没得想 (`admit, delay/put off, avoid, fancy` + doing) 继续练习使欢畅 (`keep/keep on, practice, enjoy` + doing) 决定意图始希望(`decide, intend, begin/start, hope/wish/expect` + to do) 拒绝设法愿假装 (`refuse, manage, want, pretend` + to do) 特殊记忆莫相忘 (`remember, forget, stop, try` 要小心！) 易｜错｜点｜拨 1. 语境优先：根据句子语境判断动作的 “具体性” 或 “习惯性”，选择不定式或动名词 I like to swim today.今天我想去游泳。→ 具体动作 vs. I like swimming.我喜欢游泳。→ 爱好 2. 避免混淆：不可仅凭动词形式判断，需结合语义。 try to open the door 表示 “努力开门（可能打不开）”， try opening the door 表示 “试着开门（看是否能打开）” 3. 与不定式的含义差异：部分动词（如 stop, start）后接不定式和动名词含义不同。 stop to do 表示 “停下来去做另一件事”，stop doing 表示 “停止正在做的事” He stopped to rest.他停下来休息。 vs. He stopped talking. 他停止说话。 4. 介词后的动名词：介词后接动词时，必须用动名词形式。 She is good at dancing. 她擅长跳舞。 解｜题｜技｜巧 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．Oh, Jack. Look at your room! You need ________ your room tidy! A．keep B．to keep C．keeping D．keeps 2．The headmaster decided ________ a reading competition. A．hold B．holds C．holding D．to hold 3．Mother’s Day is coming. I want ________ a purple coat ______ my mom. A．to buy; for B．buy; from C．to buy; from D．buy; for 4．Monkeys like ________. A．jump B．jumped C．jumping 5．Kingfishers are good at ________ fish. They ________ in the holes in riverbanks. A．catch, live B．catching, living C．catching, live 6．Don’t keep ________ notes all the time. You should pay attention to ________ to the teacher carefully. A．taking, listening B．to take, listen C．to take, listening D．taking, listen 7．When Peter knew my son was interested in skiing, he offered ________ him. A．to teaching B．teaching C．to teach D．teach 8．My good friend will come back from Germany soon. I expect ________ her. A．seeing B．saw C．see D．to see 9．— What does Tom like? — He enjoys ________ music. A．listen to B．to listen C．listening to 10．He prefers ________ some shopping to ________ camping. A．to do; going B．doing; going C．doing; go 二、完成句子 11．我正期待着在天空中飞翔并体验许多有趣的事情。 I am looking forward to in the sky and experiencing many things. 12．莉莉每天花半个小时弹吉他。 Lily the guitar every day. 13．他想继续打篮球。 He wants to basketball. 14．林林真的很喜欢唱京剧。 Lin Lin really Beijing opera. 15．詹妮擅长学习语言。 Jenny languages. 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．— My computer has gone wrong. It requires _________ soon. — Why not have David _________ it? Nobody can if he can’t. A．to fix; fix B．to fixed; fixing C．fixing; fix D．fixing; fixed 2．His hobby of playing chess has helped him ________ his thinking skills. A．improve B．improving C．improved D．to improving 3．My parents often tell me ________ in the street. It’s dangerous. A．not play B．not to play C．to not play D．don’t play 4．Playing cards can make us ________ happy and give us ________ fun. A．feel; a lot B．to feel; lots of C．feel; a lot of D．to feel; a lot 5．The government is keen to encourage native factories _________ green energy, such as solar and wind power. A．developing B．develops C．to develop D．develop 6．After finishing her homework, the girl refused __________ and went on __________ her mother with housework. A．to rest; helping B．resting ; to help C．resting; helping D．to rest; to help 7．Mr Brown has great fun ________ his students ________ their Maths problems. A．help; with B．helping; on C．helping; with D．help; in 8．He used to have a good time ________ computer games at weekends, but he has no time ________ that now. A．to play; doing B．to play; to do C．playing; doing D．playing; to do 9．Our monitor suggested _________ an outing after the mid-term exam. A．organize B．to organize C．organized D．organizing 10．After I was born, my mum stopped ________. A．work B．working C．to work D．works 11．It is great fun ________ fishing. Look! The children are having fun ________ in the park. A．to go; to fish B．going; to fish C．to go; fishing D．go; fishing 二、单词拼写 12．It’s (she) turn (clean) the blackboard. 13．The teachers always encourage us (ask) questions in class. 14．The scientist spent three months (研究) a new medicine for the disease. 15．My mum is busy (pack) up the luggage. 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 1．—Did you enjoy yourselves at your birthday party? —Yes. What great fun ________ ourselves to all kinds of delicious foods and drinks. A．it is helping B．it is to help C．we had to help D．we had helping 2．Mary continued ________ when the music stopped suddenly. A．sings B．sang C．singing D．sung 3．—You’d better ________ two days off. You look bad. —Thank you. In fact, I’d like ________ a good sleep. A．to take; to have B．take; having C．take; to have D．to take; having 4．The old lady enjoys ________ stories to the kids in the evening. A．tell B．tells C．telling D．to tell 5．—You should stop ________ a rest after reading for a long time. —But I can’t wait ________ the ending of the story. A．having; to know B．to have; to know C．having; knowing D．to have; knowing 6．Thanks for ________ my lost keys, David. A．save B．saving C．to save D．saves 7．The girl had trouble ________ new words. Her English teacher gave her some advice. A．remember B．to remember C．remembering D．remembered 8．Don’t forget ________ off the fans when you leave. A．turn B．turning C．to turn D．to turning 9．Pansy considered ________ an article about history on the computer last week. A．write B．to write C．to writing D．writing 10．I find it hard _________ our work or studies if we don’t eat breakfast. A．to focus on B．focus on C．focusing on D．focuses on 11．They couldn’t help ______ when they saw the terrible snake! A．cry B．crying C．to cry D．cried 12．I’d advise ________ your tickets well in advance if you want to travel in August. A．buy B．to buy C．buying D．bought 13．— David, remember _______ me when you arrive in Hainan. — Ok, I will. A．calling B．call C．calls D．to call 14．It’s difficult to imagine ________ in a world without animals. A．to live B．living C．lived D．live 15．By ________ children good habits, we hope they can become great people. A．teach B．teaching C．teaches D．Taught 链接中考（测试时间：15分钟） 一、单项选择 1．（2023·上海·中考真题）Hanfu Day in our school aims ________ students a taste of traditional Chinese culture. A．offer B．offering C．to offer D．offered 2．（2023·上海·中考真题）The family are busy ________ their living room for the coming Spring Festival. A．decorating B．to decorate C．decorate D．decorated 3．（2024·四川·中考真题）—What are you going to do this summer vacation? —I plan ________ my cousin in Hangzhou. A．visit B．visiting C．to visit D．visited 4．（2024·内蒙古·中考真题）The teachers used to ________ key points on the blackboard, but now they are getting used to ________ them through PPTs. A．write; showing B．writing; show C．write; show D．writing; showing 5．（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）By reading the public signs, he had no difficulty in _______ the shopping mall. A．find B．found C．to find D．finding 6．（2024·黑龙江·中考真题）Two ________ dollars is enough to buy the bike, but I can’t afford ________ it. A．hundreds, to buy B．hundreds, buy C．hundred, to buy 7．（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）China has made great efforts ________ other countries build high-speed railways. A．help B．to help C．helping D．helped 8．（2024·四川遂宁·中考真题）—Daddy, the Middle Autumn Festival is coming. Could you please tell me ________ for grandparents? —You can buy some mooncakes, fruits and flowers for them. A．how to buy B．what to buy C．where to buy D．when to buy 9．（2023·吉林长春·中考真题）We expect the world _______ China better after the 19th Asian Games in Hangzhou. A．understanding B．to understand C．understood D．understand 10．（2023·湖北孝感·中考真题）—Safety is very important to all of us. —I agree. We students should learn ________ ourselves in the daily life. A．where to hold B．what to visit C．how to protect D．why to help 二、完成句子 11．（2024·广东广州·中考真题）体育老师鼓励他们，并教他们如何能提高合作跑步的技巧。 Their PE teacher encouraged them and taught them improve their skills of running together. 12．（2024·江苏常州·中考真题）你认为与同学友好相处容易吗? Do you think your classmates? 13．（2024·江苏常州·中考真题）老师经常鼓励学生们相互紧密合作。 The teacher often each other. 14．（2023·辽宁朝阳·中考真题）Tom不想让他的父母失望。 Tom doesn’t want his parents . 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 动词不定式和动名词作宾语（期中复习讲义） 单元 语法点 常考题型 命题趋势 Unit 3 动词不定式和 动名词作宾语 单项选择 语法填空等 1.注重素养：更加注重对学生英语核心素养的考查。 2.情境化突出：借助生活、学校、社会等多种情境，将语法考察与实际生活相结合。 3.文化传承与价值导向明显：注重选取具有文化内涵和思想价值的语篇。 4.聚焦易错点:命题会集中在动词不定式和动名词的一些易错点上。 知识点 一. 什么是宾语？ 宾语是动作的承受者，通常放在及物动词后面。宾语可以是名词、代词等。 例：I love you. (代词作宾语) 例：She plays basketball. (名词作宾语) 那么，当一个动作（动词）作为另一个动作的宾语时，该怎么办呢？ 这时，这个动词就要变成 “非谓语形式”，即动词不定式 (to do)或动名词 (doing)。 二. 动词不定式 (The Infinitive) 定义：是动词的一种非谓语形式，常跟在表示“计划、意愿、希望”等意义的动词后，用于表达具体的动作或意图，不能单独作谓语，但可以充当其他成分，比如宾语。 基本结构：肯定：to + 动词原形， 否定：not to + 动词原形 常接不定式作宾语的动词有： learn 学会 plan 计划 decide 决定 try 尽力 choose 选择 agree 同意 refuse 拒绝 pretend 假装 offer 主动 would like / want 想要 expect 期望 hope / wish 希望 promise 承诺 afford 负担得起 prefer 喜欢 help 帮助(help to do / help do) like 喜欢(like to do / doing) continue 继续(continue to do / doing) begin / start 开始(begin / start to do / doing) 如：I would like to have a sandwich. 我想要吃一个三明治。 He wants to learn English. 他想学英语。 She tried to finish the work. 她努力完成工作。 三. 动名词 (The Gerund) 定义： 由动词变化而来，同时具有动词和名词的特征。它保留了动词可接宾语的特点，又在句中起名词的作用。常跟在表示 “喜好、习惯、避免” 等意义的动词或动词短语后，强调动作的持续性或抽象概念。 基本结构：动词 + ing （1）作动词的宾语 常见的此类动词(词组)有： advise 建议 allow 允许 permit批准；许可 avoid 避免 enjoy 喜欢 finish 完成 keep 保持 mind 介意 practice 练习 give up 放弃 suggest 建议 consider 考虑 keep on 坚持 can't help 情不自禁 I have already finished reading this book. 我已经读完这本书了。 We practise speaking English daily. 我们每天练习说英语。 He enjoys reading novels. 他喜欢读小说。 （2）作介词的宾语 介词后如果接动词作宾语， 常要用动名词形式。 think about 考虑 worry about 担忧 be/get used to 习惯于 look forward to 期待 pay attention to 注意 We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. 我们正考虑为下学期制订新的计划。 We're looking forward to receiving your letter. 我们盼望收到你的来信。 四、既可接不定式也可接动名词的词 1. 有的动词后面既可接动词不定式，也可接动名词作宾语，意义不变。 如：begin, start, hate, like, love等。 He begins to read English. / He begins reading English. 他开始读英语。 2. 有些动词后接不定式或动名词时，意义差别较大。 forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事(事还没做) forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(事已做) remember to do sth. 记得要做某事(事还没做) remember doing sth. 记得做过某事(事已做) stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事(去做另一件事) 　　　 stop doing sth. 停止做某事(不做了) try to do sth. 努力做某事 try doing sth. 尝试做某事 go on to do sth. 继续去做某事(继续做不同的事) 　go on doing sth. 继续不停地做某事(同一动作的继续) 如：Don't forget to close the windows before you leave. 你离开前别忘记关窗户。 Have you forgotten meeting her in Beijing Airport? 你忘了在北京机场已经见过她了吗？ 五、特殊情况 （1）动词不定式作宾语，置句末，前面用it指代不定式，it是形式宾语。 如：We found it difficult to understand what you said. 我们发现很难理解你所说的话。 （2）有的动词在不定式前可加上疑问词（who，what，which等）作宾语（即“动词+疑问词+to do” 结构），常见的有：show 表明、指示；know 知道；tell 告诉；teach 教；learn 学习；decide 决定。 如：Larry didn’t know how to tell her the bad news. 拉里不知道如何告诉她这个坏消息。 （3） 逻辑主语：动名词的逻辑主语可由形容词性物主代词或名词所有格构成。 如：I don’t mind his coming late.我不介意他迟到。 六、口决助记 考虑建议盼原谅(`consider, suggest, look forward to, excuse, pardon` + doing) 承认推迟没得想 (`admit, delay/put off, avoid, fancy` + doing) 继续练习使欢畅 (`keep/keep on, practice, enjoy` + doing) 决定意图始希望(`decide, intend, begin/start, hope/wish/expect` + to do) 拒绝设法愿假装 (`refuse, manage, want, pretend` + to do) 特殊记忆莫相忘 (`remember, forget, stop, try` 要小心！) 易｜错｜点｜拨 1. 语境优先：根据句子语境判断动作的 “具体性” 或 “习惯性”，选择不定式或动名词 I like to swim today.今天我想去游泳。→ 具体动作 vs. I like swimming.我喜欢游泳。→ 爱好 2. 避免混淆：不可仅凭动词形式判断，需结合语义。 try to open the door 表示 “努力开门（可能打不开）”， try opening the door 表示 “试着开门（看是否能打开）” 3. 与不定式的含义差异：部分动词（如 stop, start）后接不定式和动名词含义不同。 stop to do 表示 “停下来去做另一件事”，stop doing 表示 “停止正在做的事” He stopped to rest.他停下来休息。 vs. He stopped talking. 他停止说话。 4. 介词后的动名词：介词后接动词时，必须用动名词形式。 She is good at dancing. 她擅长跳舞。 解｜题｜技｜巧 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．Oh, Jack. Look at your room! You need ________ your room tidy! A．keep B．to keep C．keeping D．keeps 【答案】B 【详解】句意：哦，杰克。看你的房间！你需要保持房间整洁！ 考查非谓语动词。need to do sth“需要做某事”，空处用不定式作宾语。故选B。 2．The headmaster decided ________ a reading competition. A．hold B．holds C．holding D．to hold 【答案】D 【详解】句意：校长决定举办一场阅读比赛。 考查非谓语动词。hold举办，动词原形；holds举办，动词的第三人称单数形式；holding举办，动名词形式；to hold举办，动词不定式形式。根据空前的decided可知，此处是考查动词decide的用法，decide to do sth决定做某事，是固定搭配，所以此处应该用动词不定式形式to hold。故选D。 3．Mother’s Day is coming. I want ________ a purple coat ______ my mom. A．to buy; for B．buy; from C．to buy; from D．buy; for 【答案】A 【详解】句意：母亲节快到了。我想给妈妈买一件紫色外套。 考查非谓语动词和介词辨析。for为了；from从……。want to do sth“想要做某事”，第一个空填动词不定式的to buy；buy sth for sb“为某人买某物”，buy sth from sb“从某人那里购买”。根据“Mother’s Day is coming.”可知，此处指由于母亲节要到了，给妈妈买了外套，第二个空用for。故选A。 4．Monkeys like ________. A．jump B．jumped C．jumping 【答案】C 【详解】句意：猴子喜欢跳跃。 考查动名词作宾语。jump跳，动词原形；jumped跳，过去式；jumping跳，动名词形式。结合语境可知，此处要表达猴子喜欢跳跃这一习惯性喜好，应使用“like doing sth”这一固定搭配，意为“喜欢做某事”，“jumping”是“jump”的动名词形式。故选C。 5．Kingfishers are good at ________ fish. They ________ in the holes in riverbanks. A．catch, live B．catching, living C．catching, live 【答案】C 【详解】句意：翠鸟擅长捕鱼。它们生活在河岸的洞里。 考查动词用法。catch，动词，抓；live，动词，居住。观察可知题干使用了be good at doing sth短语，表示擅长做某事，第一个空格填catching；第二个句子缺少谓语，时态是一般现在时，主语是they，空格处填动词原形live。故选C。 6．Don’t keep ________ notes all the time. You should pay attention to ________ to the teacher carefully. A．taking, listening B．to take, listen C．to take, listening D．taking, listen 【答案】A 【详解】句意：不要一直记笔记。你应该认真听老师讲课。 考查非谓语动词。taking是动名词或现在分词形式；to take是动词不定式形式；listening是动名词或现在分词形式；listen是动词原形。第一个空考查keep doing sth，意为“一直做某事”，用动名词作宾语；第二个空考查pay attention to doing sth，意为“注意做某事”，同样用动名词作宾语。故选A。 7．When Peter knew my son was interested in skiing, he offered ________ him. A．to teaching B．teaching C．to teach D．teach 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当彼得知道我儿子对滑雪感兴趣时，他主动提出要教他。 考查动词不定式。offer to do sth.表示“主动提出做某事”，后接动词不定式。故空格处应填“to teach”。故选C。 8．My good friend will come back from Germany soon. I expect ________ her. A．seeing B．saw C．see D．to see 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我的好朋友很快就会从德国回来了。我很期待见到她。 考查非谓语。expect to do“期待做某事”，是固定搭配，空处应是不定式to see。故选D。 9．— What does Tom like? — He enjoys ________ music. A．listen to B．to listen C．listening to 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——Tom喜欢什么？——他喜欢听音乐。 考查动词短语。enjoy后面接动词时要用动词-ing形式，即“enjoy doing sth.”喜欢做某事；且listen为不及物动词，后面接宾语需要加“to”，“listen to music ”听音乐。故选C。 10．He prefers ________ some shopping to ________ camping. A．to do; going B．doing; going C．doing; go 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他宁愿去购物也不愿去野营。 考查非谓语动词。prefer doing sth. to doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“宁愿做某事也不愿做某事”，其中to为介词，后面接动名词形式作宾语。所以第一个空应填doing，第二个空也应填going。故选B。 二、完成句子 11．我正期待着在天空中飞翔并体验许多有趣的事情。 I am looking forward to in the sky and experiencing many things. 【答案】 flying interesting 【详解】根据语境可知，此处表达期待未来发生的事情；由汉语提示可知，第一空缺少“飞翔”，对应英文为fly，look forward to后加动名词作宾语；第二空缺少“有趣的”，修饰物，对应形容词interesting。故填flying；interesting。 12．莉莉每天花半个小时弹吉他。 Lily the guitar every day. 【答案】spends half an hour playing 【详解】根据句意可知，此处表示“花费时间做某事”，用“spend+时间+doing sth.”结构，且主语Lily为第三人称单数，句子时态为一般现在时，所以spend要变为spends；“半个小时”是“half an hour”；“弹（吉他）”是“play”，这里用play的动名词形式playing。故填spends half an hour playing。 13．他想继续打篮球。 He wants to basketball. 【答案】 continue playing 【详解】continue doing sth“继续做某事”，play basketball“打篮球”，动词play需改为动名词；设空处前是不定式符号to，动词continue填原形；故填continue；playing。 14．林林真的很喜欢唱京剧。 Lin Lin really Beijing opera. 【答案】 enjoys singing 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处缺少“喜欢”和“唱”，enjoy“喜欢”，句子时态为一般现在时，主语Lin Lin为第三人称单数，此处使用三单形式；sing“唱”，enjoy doing“喜欢做某事”，为固定搭配，所以此处使用动名词作宾语。故填enjoys；singing。 15．詹妮擅长学习语言。 Jenny languages. 【答案】 is good at learning 【详解】据句意可知，此处表示“擅长做某事”，用固定短语“be good at doing sth.”，且主语“Jenny”是第三人称单数，be动词用is，“学习”的英文是learn，其动名词形式是learning。故填is；good；at；learning。 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．— My computer has gone wrong. It requires _________ soon. — Why not have David _________ it? Nobody can if he can’t. A．to fix; fix B．to fixed; fixing C．fixing; fix D．fixing; fixed 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我的电脑出故障了。它需要尽快修理。——为什么不让大卫修理它？如果他不能，没人能。 考查非谓语动词。根据空格前“requires”可知，require doing sth“需要做某事”，固定搭配，所以第一空应该填入动名词fixing，主表被；根据“Why not have David…it?”可知，此处考查：have sb do sth“让某人做某事”，固定搭配，表主动，所以此处应该填入动词原形fix，作宾语补足语。故选C。 2．His hobby of playing chess has helped him ________ his thinking skills. A．improve B．improving C．improved D．to improving 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他下象棋的爱好帮助他提升了思维能力。 考查非谓语动词。help sb. do sth.“帮助某人做某事”，省略to的不定式作宾语补足语。故选A。 3．My parents often tell me ________ in the street. It’s dangerous. A．not play B．not to play C．to not play D．don’t play 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我的父母经常告诉我不要在街上玩耍。那样很危险。 考查非谓语动词。根据“It’s dangerous.”可知，在街上玩耍很危险，所以父母告诉我不要在街上玩，用结构tell sb. not to do sth.“告诉某人不要做某事”。故选B。 4．Playing cards can make us ________ happy and give us ________ fun. A．feel; a lot B．to feel; lots of C．feel; a lot of D．to feel; a lot 【答案】C 【详解】句意：打牌可以让我们感到快乐，给我们带来很多乐趣。 考查非谓语动词和形容词短语。a lot很多，副词短语；lots of很多，形容词短语；a lot of很多，形容词短语。make sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”，排除BD；第二个空修饰不可数名词fun，用形容词短语a lot of。故选C。 5．The government is keen to encourage native factories _________ green energy, such as solar and wind power. A．developing B．develops C．to develop D．develop 【答案】C 【详解】句意：政府热衷于鼓励本土工厂开发绿色能源，比如太阳能和风能。 考查动词短语。developing发展中的，现在分词形式；develops发展，第三人称单数形式；to develop发展，不定式；develop发展，原形。在这个句子中，“the government”鼓励“native factories”去做的事情是“develop green energy”；“encourage sb to do sth”是固定搭配，意思是“鼓励某人做某事”，所以要用动词不定式“to develop”。故选C。 6．After finishing her homework, the girl refused __________ and went on __________ her mother with housework. A．to rest; helping B．resting ; to help C．resting; helping D．to rest; to help 【答案】D 【详解】句意：做完作业后，女孩拒绝休息，继续帮妈妈做家务。 考查非谓语动词。根据短语refuse to do sth.“拒绝做某事”可知，第一空应选动词不定式to rest；根据“After finishing her homework”和“went on...her mother with housework”可知，女孩做完作业后，继续帮助妈妈做家务，即“继续做另一件事”，所以此处应用短语go on to do sth.，第二空应选动词不定式to help。故选D。 7．Mr Brown has great fun ________ his students ________ their Maths problems. A．help; with B．helping; on C．helping; with D．help; in 【答案】C 【详解】句意：布朗先生帮助他的学生做数学题很有趣。 考查动词短语。固定搭配have fun doing sth表示“做某事很开心”，故第一空是动名词形式helping；固定搭配help sb with sth表示“帮助某人某事”，故第二空是with。故选C。 8．He used to have a good time ________ computer games at weekends, but he has no time ________ that now. A．to play; doing B．to play; to do C．playing; doing D．playing; to do 【答案】D 【详解】句意：他过去周末常常开心地玩电脑游戏，但现在他没时间做那件事了。 考查非谓语动词。have a good time doing sth.“做某事很愉快”，第一空填动名词；have no time to do sth.“没有时间做某事”，第二空填不定式。故选D。 9．Our monitor suggested _________ an outing after the mid-term exam. A．organize B．to organize C．organized D．organizing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们班长建议期中考试后组织一次郊游。 考查动名词作宾语。suggest doing sth“建议做某事”，为固定短语，故选D。 10．After I was born, my mum stopped ________. A．work B．working C．to work D．works 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我出生后，我妈妈就不再工作了。 考查非谓语动词。根据“After I was born, my mum stopped…”的语境可知，此处指停止正在进行的动作，stop doing sth.“停止做某事”，是固定搭配。故选B。 11．It is great fun ________ fishing. Look! The children are having fun ________ in the park. A．to go; to fish B．going; to fish C．to go; fishing D．go; fishing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：去钓鱼很有趣。看！孩子们正在公园里开心地钓鱼。 考查非谓语动词。It is great fun to do sth.是固定句型，意为“做某事是很有趣的”，所以第一空用to go；have fun doing sth.是固定短语，意为“做某事很开心”，所以第二空用fishing。故选C。 二、单词拼写 12．It’s (she) turn (clean) the blackboard. 【答案】 her to clean 【详解】句意：轮到她擦黑板了。It’s one’s turn to do sth.“轮到某人做某事了”，所以第一空应填入she的形容词性物主代词her，意为“她的”；第二空应填入不定式to clean，作主语。故填her；to clean。 13．The teachers always encourage us (ask) questions in class. 【答案】to ask 【详解】句意：老师总是鼓励我们在课堂上提问。encourage sb to do sth“鼓励某人做某事”，不定式作宾语补足语。故填to ask。 14．The scientist spent three months (研究) a new medicine for the disease. 【答案】researching 【详解】句意：这位科学家花了三个月时间研究治疗这种疾病的新药。research“研究”，动词；根据短语spend time doing sth.“花时间做某事”可知，空处应填research的动名词researching。故填researching。 15．My mum is busy (pack) up the luggage. 【答案】packing 【详解】句意：我妈妈忙着打包行李。be busy doing sth“忙于做某事”，固定搭配。故填packing。 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 1．—Did you enjoy yourselves at your birthday party? —Yes. What great fun ________ ourselves to all kinds of delicious foods and drinks. A．it is helping B．it is to help C．we had to help D．we had helping 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你们在生日派对上玩得开心吗？——是的。我们可以随便吃各种美味的食物，喝各种饮料多开心啊。 考查动词短语和非谓语动词。have great fun“玩得很开心”，此处是感叹句，因此把名词“great fun”放在了“What”后，排除选项A和B；have great fun doing sth.“做某事很开心”，后面应用动名词“helping”作宾语。故选D。 2．Mary continued ________ when the music stopped suddenly. A．sings B．sang C．singing D．sung 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当音乐突然停止时，玛丽继续唱歌。 考查非谓语动词。“continue doing sth.”表示“继续做某事（指继续做同一件事）”，结合“Mary continued...when the music stopped suddenly.”可知，此处用动名词形式。故选C。 3．—You’d better ________ two days off. You look bad. —Thank you. In fact, I’d like ________ a good sleep. A．to take; to have B．take; having C．take; to have D．to take; having 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你最好休息两天。你看起来很糟糕。——谢谢。事实上，我想好好睡一觉。 考查had better的用法和非谓语动词。第一空前的You’d是You had的缩写，根据短语had better do sth.“最好做某事”可知，第一空应选动词原形take；第二空前的I’d是I would的缩写，根据短语would like to do sth.“想要做某事”可知，第二空应选动词不定式to have。故选C。 4．The old lady enjoys ________ stories to the kids in the evening. A．tell B．tells C．telling D．to tell 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这位老妇人喜欢在晚上给孩子们讲故事。 考查非谓语动词。tell告诉，动词原形；tells告诉，动词三单形式；telling告诉，现在分词或动名词；to tell告诉，动词不定式。根据“enjoys”可知，此处考查enjoy的用法，enjoy doing sth“喜欢做某事”，因此此处应填动名词形式telling作宾语。故选C。 5．—You should stop ________ a rest after reading for a long time. —But I can’t wait ________ the ending of the story. A．having; to know B．to have; to know C．having; knowing D．to have; knowing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——长时间阅读后，你应该停下来休息一下。——但我迫不及待地想知道故事的结局。 考查非谓语动词。stop to do sth停下来去做另一件事情；stop doing sth停止正在做的事；can’t wait to do sth迫不及待做某事。第一空指停下来去休息，用to have，第二空是迫不及待想知道结局，用to know。故选B。 6．Thanks for ________ my lost keys, David. A．save B．saving C．to save D．saves 【答案】B 【详解】句意：感谢大卫帮我找回丢失的钥匙。   考查非谓语动词用法。空格前为介词for，其后应接动名词形式作宾语，此处应使用“thank sb. for doing sth.”结构。故选B。 7．The girl had trouble ________ new words. Her English teacher gave her some advice. A．remember B．to remember C．remembering D．remembered 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这个女孩记新单词有困难，她的英语老师给了她一些建议。 考查非谓语动词。根据“had trouble”可知，考查“have trouble (in) doing sth.”，意为“做某事有困难”，其中in可以省略，后接动词-ing形式。故选C。 8．Don’t forget ________ off the fans when you leave. A．turn B．turning C．to turn D．to turning 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当你离开时，别忘记关电扇。 考查非谓语动词。forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事；forget doing sth.忘记做过某事。根据“Don’t forget...off the fans when you leave.”可知，这里指离开时别忘记关电扇，动作还未做，应用动词不定式作宾语，故选C。 9．Pansy considered ________ an article about history on the computer last week. A．write B．to write C．to writing D．writing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：Pansy上周考虑在电脑上写一篇关于历史的文章。 考查非谓语动词。consider doing sth“考虑做某事”，动词短语，因此此处要用动词的动名词形式，在句中作宾语。故选D。 10．I find it hard _________ our work or studies if we don’t eat breakfast. A．to focus on B．focus on C．focusing on D．focuses on 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我发现如果不吃早餐，很难集中精力在我们的工作或学习上。 考查非谓语动词。find it+形容词+to do sth.为固定句型，表示“发现做某事是……”，it为形式宾语，动词不定式为真正的宾语。故选A。 11．They couldn’t help ______ when they saw the terrible snake! A．cry B．crying C．to cry D．cried 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他们看到那条可怕的蛇时忍不住哭了起来！ 考查非谓语。根据couldn’t help doing sth.“忍不住做某事”可知，此处应填动名词crying。故选B。 12．I’d advise ________ your tickets well in advance if you want to travel in August. A．buy B．to buy C．buying D．bought 【答案】C 【详解】句意：如果你想在八月旅行，我建议你提前买票。 考查非谓语动词。advise doing sth.“建议做某事”，是固定搭配。故选C。 13．— David, remember _______ me when you arrive in Hainan. — Ok, I will. A．calling B．call C．calls D．to call 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——大卫，你到海南的时候记得给我打电话。——好的，我会的。 考查非谓语动词。calling打电话，现在分词或动名词；call原形；calls三单形式；to call不定式。remember to do sth“记得做某事（还未做）”；remember doing sth“记得做某事（已做）”。根据“when you arrive in Hainan”可知，打电话的动作还没有发生，应用remember to do sth。故选D。 14．It’s difficult to imagine ________ in a world without animals. A．to live B．living C．lived D．live 【答案】B 【详解】句意：很难想象生活在一个没有动物的世界里。 考查非谓语动词。imagine doing sth.“想象做某事”，此处用动名词作宾语。故选B。 15．By ________ children good habits, we hope they can become great people. A．teach B．teaching C．teaches D．taught 【答案】B 【详解】句意：通过教孩子们好习惯，我们希望他们能成为伟大的人。 考查动名词。by是介词，其后接动名词，teach的动名词形式是teaching。故选B。 链接中考（测试时间：15分钟） 一、单项选择 1．（2023·上海·中考真题）Hanfu Day in our school aims ________ students a taste of traditional Chinese culture. A．offer B．offering C．to offer D．offered 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们学校的汉服节旨在让学生领略中国传统文化。 考查非谓语动词。aim to do sth.“旨在做某事”，动词不定式作宾语。故选C。 2．（2023·上海·中考真题）The family are busy ________ their living room for the coming Spring Festival. A．decorating B．to decorate C．decorate D．decorated 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这家人正忙着为即将到来的春节装饰他们的客厅。 考查非谓语动词。be busy doing sth. 意为“忙于做某事”，所以用动词ing形式，故选A。 3．（2024·四川·中考真题）—What are you going to do this summer vacation? —I plan ________ my cousin in Hangzhou. A．visit B．visiting C．to visit D．visited 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——这个暑假你打算做什么？——我计划去杭州看望我的堂兄。 考查非谓语动词。plan to do sth.“计划做某事”，动词不定式作宾语。故选C。 4．（2024·内蒙古·中考真题）The teachers used to ________ key points on the blackboard, but now they are getting used to ________ them through PPTs. A．write; showing B．writing; show C．write; show D．writing; showing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：老师们过去常常在黑板上写关键点，但现在他们习惯于通过PPT展示。 考查非谓语动词。used to do sth表示“过去常常做某事”，可排除BD选项；get used to doing sth表示“习惯于做某事”，可排除C选项。故选A。 5．（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）By reading the public signs, he had no difficulty in _______ the shopping mall. A．find B．found C．to find D．finding 【答案】D 【详解】句意：通过阅读公共标志，他毫不费力地找到了购物中心。 考查动名词作宾语。have difficulty in doing sth“做某事有困难”。故选D。 6．（2024·黑龙江·中考真题）Two ________ dollars is enough to buy the bike, but I can’t afford ________ it. A．hundreds, to buy B．hundreds, buy C．hundred, to buy 【答案】C 【详解】句意：两百美元足够买自行车了，但是我买不起。 考查数词用法和不定式用法。hundred前面有具体数字时，用单数；动词短语afford to do sth表示“负担得起做某事”。故选C。 7．（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）China has made great efforts ________ other countries build high-speed railways. A．help B．to help C．helping D．helped 【答案】B 【详解】句意：中国为帮助其他国家建设高速铁路做出了巨大努力。 考查非谓语动词。make great efforts to do sth.“努力做某事”，应用动词不定式。故选B。 8．（2024·四川遂宁·中考真题）—Daddy, the Middle Autumn Festival is coming. Could you please tell me ________ for grandparents? —You can buy some mooncakes, fruits and flowers for them. A．how to buy B．what to buy C．where to buy D．when to buy 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——爸爸，中秋节就要到了。你能告诉我给爷爷奶奶买什么吗？——你可以给他们买一些月饼、水果和鲜花。 考查“疑问词+不定式”结构。根据答语“You can buy some mooncakes, fruits and flowers for them.”可知，询问应该买什么，故选B。 9．（2023·吉林长春·中考真题）We expect the world _______ China better after the 19th Asian Games in Hangzhou. A．understanding B．to understand C．understood D．understand 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们期待第19届杭州亚运会后，世界更好地了解中国。 考查非谓语动词。expect sb to do sth“期待某人做某事”，此空应填不定式，故选B。 10．（2023·湖北孝感·中考真题）—Safety is very important to all of us. —I agree. We students should learn ________ ourselves in the daily life. A．where to hold B．what to visit C．how to protect D．why to help 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——安全对我们所有人来说都非常重要。——我同意。我们学生应该学会如何在日常生活中保护自己。 考查疑问词+动词不定式。where to hold在哪里举行；what to visit参观什么；how to protect如何保护；why to help为什么帮忙。根据“ourselves in the daily life”可知此处应是指在日常生活中保护自己，应用动词protect表示“保护”。故选C。 二、完成句子 11．（2024·广东广州·中考真题）体育老师鼓励他们，并教他们如何能提高合作跑步的技巧。 Their PE teacher encouraged them and taught them improve their skills of running together. 【答案】 how to 【详解】“如何做某事”how to do sth，是“疑问词+不定式”结构，在句中作宾语。故填how；to。 12．（2024·江苏常州·中考真题）你认为与同学友好相处容易吗? Do you think your classmates? 【答案】it’s easy to get on well with 【详解】对比中英文可知，空处缺少“友好相处容易”的翻译，it’s+形容词+to do sth表示“做某事……”，easy“容易的”，get on well with sb“与某人和睦相处”，故填it’s easy to get on well with。 13．（2024·江苏常州·中考真题）老师经常鼓励学生们相互紧密合作。 The teacher often each other. 【答案】encourages students to work closely with 【详解】encourage sb. do sth.“鼓励某人做某事”，由“often”可知，时态为一般现在时，主语“The teacher”为第三人称单数，谓语动词要用三单；students“学生们”，作encourage的宾语；work with sb.“与某人合作/工作”，动词短语；closely“紧密地”，副词修饰动词work。故填encourages students to work closely with。 14．（2023·辽宁朝阳·中考真题）Tom不想让他的父母失望。 Tom doesn’t want his parents . 【答案】 to let down 【详解】“想做某事”是动词短语want to do sth，“让某人失望”是动词短语let sb down。故填to let；down。 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $