Unit 2 Sports Culture Grammar and usage 课件-2025-2026学年高中英语译林版选择性必修第二册

该高中英语课件系统讲解了被动语态的构成、时态变化及转换规则，从一般现在时到过去完成时层层递进，通过对比主动与被动句式结构，构建清晰的知识支架。课堂导入以生活化例句切入，如“a new bridge will be built”，自然引出be + done结构，并结合时间状语和动作承受者逻辑，帮助学生建立语境意识，实现从理解到运用的过渡。 其亮点在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，通过典型错误辨析（如第14页句子改错）强化时态与语态匹配意识，体现精准的语言运用能力。同时借助“主动形式表被动意义”（如第21页door won’t shut）等真实语料，提升学生对语言现象的观察力与批判性思维。教师可借此设计任务型活动，引导学生自主归纳规律，既发展学习能力，又深化文化意识——例如奥运赛事相关例句展现中外文化交流场景，助力学生形成全球视野。此资料实用性强，便于教师高效备课，也利于学生构建系统语法框架。

Passive Voice 被动语态 tense 语态 英语有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 ① They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动) ② new bridge will be built over the river. (被动) 汉语中常用“被”、“由”等词用来表示被动，而英语用： be + 及物动词的过去分词构成。(be done) ※ be done是谓语动词被动；done是非谓语动词被动 时态 被动语态 例句 一般现在时 am / is / are done English is spoken here. 一般过去时 was / were done He was asked a question. 一般将来时 will be done You will be aksed to show your ticket 现在进行时 am / is / are being done The road is being repaired now. 过去进行时 was / were being done He knew he was being watched. 现在完成时 have / has been done The house has been sold. 过去完成时 had been done The work had been finished. 情态动词 情态动词 +be done It must been done carefully. 不同时态的被动语态 1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：(am/is/are done) The Olympic Games are held every four years. 2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：(was/were done) The 2018 Olympic Games were held in Beijing. 3. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：(shall/will be done) The 2024 Olympic Games will be held in Paris. 4. 过去将来时的被动语态构成：(should/would be done) The news would be sent to him as soon as it arrived. tense 语态 tense 语态 5. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：(has/have been done) The old rules have been done away with（废除） by us. 6. 过去完成时的被动语态构成：(had been done) By 2012, 75 gold medals had been achieved by athles . 7. 现在进行时的被动语态构成：(am/is/are being done) The Tokyo Paralympic Games is being held now. 8. 过去进行时的被动语态构成：(was/were being done) A boxing game was being held when I arrived. Past Continuous Passive 过去进行时的被动语态 They were planting trees at this time yesterday. Trees were being planted by them at this time yesterday. 定义：表示过去某个时刻正在进行或发生的被动性的动作。 基本结构：was/were + being + done Past Continuous Passive 过去进行时的被动语态 肯定形式：was/were＋being＋过去分词 Another bridge was being built over the Yangtze River then. 那时长江上正在建造另一座大桥。 否定形式: was/were＋not＋being＋过去分词 The movie star wasn’t being stalked by a fan. 那个电影明星没有被影迷跟踪。 Past Continuous Passive 过去进行时的被动语态 一般疑问形式: Was/Were＋主语＋being＋过去分词？ Was a new library being put up in their school just then? 他们学校当时正在建一座新图书馆吗？ 特殊疑问: 特殊疑问词＋was/were＋主语＋being＋过去分词？ What was being done to the machine then? 那时正对这台机器采取什么措施？ 过去进行时的被动语态的构成 肯定式 否定式 一般疑问式 特殊疑问式 主语+was/were being done(+其他). 主语+was/were not being done(+其他). Was/Were +主语 +being done? 特殊疑问词+was/were (+主语)+ being done? Practice 1. Another bridge was being built over the Yangtze River then. 2. The plan was not being carried out well. 3. Was a new library being built in your school just then(当时)? 4. What was being done to protect wildlife? 那时长江上正在建造另一座桥。 那个计划实施得不顺利。 你们学校当时正在建一座新图书馆吗? 为保护野生生物采取了什么措施? 句型转化 1.I was practicing my oral English at 8:00 yesterday . 2.The dog was eating some meat when I saw it yesterday on the road. My oral English was being practiced by me at 8:00 yesterday. Some meat were being eaten by the dog when I saw it yesterday on the road. 过去完成时的被动语态的构成 肯定式 否定式 主语 +had been done(+其他). 主语 +hadn't been done (+其他). 过去完成时的被动语态的用法 过去完成时的被动语态通常表示过去某一时间之前已经被完成的动作。 The fire had been put out before the fire fighters arrived. I found the meal hadn't been prepared when I got home. 消防队员到达之前，大火已经被扑灭了。 我到家的时候发现晚餐还没准备好 过去完成时的被动语态的构成 (1)用于“It was the first/second/...time that+主语 +had been done ( +其他)”句型中。 It was the first time that the meeting had been held in Zhengzhou. 那是该会议第一次在郑州召开。 (2)在虚拟条件句中,条件从句表示对过去情况的假设时： if+主语+had been done (+其他)。 If I had been invited earlier, I would have gone there. 如果早点儿邀请我的话,我就去那儿了。 Point out mistakes in the sentences and correct them. 1. The librarian said that the book has already been borrowed. 2. We had been sent a copy of the certificate. 3. The classroom is being decorated when the teacher came in. 4. The steak was cooking in the pan as he walked into the kitchen. had have was being cooked 1. – look! What a nice garden! – Yes. It _____________ (clean) every day. 2. I’m sure the telephone ______________ (invent) before the car. 3. – Why didn’t you bring your computer here yesterday? – Oh, it ________________ (check) by my neighbour then. is cleaned was invented was being checked Point out mistakes in the sentences and correct them. 4. The tiger ______________ (feed) some nice meet at this time yesterday. 5. By the end of last year, we ______________ (produce) 2,000 cars. 6. The classroom __________________ (not clean) before the teacher came in. was being fed had produced had not been cleaned Point out mistakes in the sentences and correct them. tense 语态 主动句变为被动句所遵循的4个步骤： step1.把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语 They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动) A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动) step 2.把动词变为被动形式即be +过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。 step 3.原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现（注代词的宾格），如不需要则可省略 step 4.其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。 We bought some books. （改成被动语态) 主语 谓语 宾语 Some books were bought by us. tense 语态 主动变被动：主变宾，宾变主，谓语变成be + done Practice 按例句把下面句子改成被动语态。 1. My mother sweeps the floor every day. 2. Anna can take good care of the cats. 3. They can sing some beautiful songs. The floor is swpet by my mother every day. The cats can be taken care of by Anna. Some beautiful songs can be sung by them. 1. 不用被动语态的情况： ①不及物动词或短语没有被动语态，如rise, fail, happen, last, break out, come true, take place, belong to等。 e.g. Oil prices have risen sharply in recent weeks. ②系动词无被动语态，如appear, be, become, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn等。e.g. The fried chicken stayed fresh and crisp. 2. 主动形式表示被动意义： ①某些不及物动词（其主语大都指物），如smell, taste, sound, prove, lock, shut, open, read, write, wash, clean, draw, burn, cook等，常用主动形式表达被动意义。 e.g. The door won’t shut. The poem reads smoothly. ②在need, require, worth后用动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义。 e.g. The bath needed repairing = The bath needed to be repaired. ③ to blame（责备）用主动形式表示被动意义。 e.g. I think it is you who are to blame for this accident. $