高中英语语法精讲精练手册 part 12 非谓语动词 讲义-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

该高中英语讲义聚焦高考核心语法非谓语动词，系统覆盖不定式、动名词、分词三大类及其句法功能，按“基础规则-用法比较-难点突破”逻辑架构知识点。通过测试导入诊断学情，语法精讲梳理逻辑主语、体式语态等关键考点，分层训练强化应用，助力学生构建完整知识网络。 讲义采用“诊断-梳理-应用”三阶教学法，如对比分析不定式与动名词作主语的用法差异，结合真题实例培养学生语言能力和思维品质。设置选择、填空、翻译多维练习，配合即时答案反馈，确保高效突破考点，为教师精准把控复习节奏、提升学生应考能力提供有力支持。

高中英语语法精讲精练手册 part 12 非谓语动词 第3周：Tuesday Lesson 1 测试导入 Choose the answer that best completes each sentence. 1. He doesn't earn enough money ______. He has to depend on his parents at present. A. to live B. living C. to live on D. living on 2. It's selfish ______ the matter in this way. A. for him to settle B. for him settling C. of him to settle D. of him settling 3. Professor Smith had us ______ compositions every Monday. A. to write B. write C. written D. to be writing 4. He ran towards me with two eager hands ______. A. stretching B. be stretched C. stretched D. being stretched 5. Don't worry. Philip is quite used ______ in such heavy traffic as this. A. to driving B. to have driven C. to be driving D. to drive 6. ______ such a good chance, he planned to learn more. A. To be given B. Having been given C. Having given D. Giving 7. ______ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all. A. When compared B. Compare C. While comparing D. Comparing 8. In the course of a day, students do far more than just ______ classes. A. attend B. attended C. to attend D. attending 9. That was so serious a matter that I had no choice but ______ the police. A. called in B. calling in C. call in D. to call in 10. The patient was warned ______ oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating KEY 1—5 CCBCA 6—10 BAADC Lesson 2 非谓语动词精讲 一、非谓语动词的基本语法规则 1. 概述 非谓语动词的种类：不定式、动名词与分词 非谓语动词的功能：主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语与同位语。 2. 不定式 （1）作主语的用法：在三种非谓语形式中，不定式的用法最广泛。除了前后都有不定式表示平行或对比的结构外，在现代英语中，一般用it 作为形式主语，而把作为真正主语的不定式放在句末。例如： It is difficult to finish the task in three days . 三天之内完成这项任务有难度。 It is very kind of you to help us . 谢谢你帮我们。 （2）作表语的用法：作为表语不定式通常说明或解释主语的内容，也可表示将来的动作。例如： Our aim is to complete the project by the end of this year . 我们的目标是在今年年底完成这个工程。 My duties are to deliver letters and newspapers . 我的任务就是投递信件和发送报纸。 （3）作宾语的用法：英语中有一部分动词只跟不定式作宾语。如果不定式后跟有补语，常用it作形式宾语，而将不定式放在宾补后作真正宾语。例如： We consider it impossible to solve the problem in such a short time . 我们认为在这么短的时间内解决这个问题是不可能的。 I feel it an honor to be asked to speak here . 我很荣幸被邀请在此发言。 （4）作宾补的用法：某些动词或动词短语后面常用不定式作宾补，如appoint, believe, choose, declare, imagine, judge, report, prove, understand 等。例如： They appointed Prof. Johnson to be the president of the university . 他们任命约翰森教授为大学校长。 We believed him to have the best collection of stamps in the country . 我们相信他有全国最好的邮票集。 注：这种结构多用于正式文体，在口语或非正式文体中常代以宾语从句。例如： We believed that he has the best collection of stamps in the country. 而极少数动词（感官或使役动词）则要求跟不带to 的不定式作宾补。在被动语态中，作宾补的不定式则变成了主补，并都带有to。例如： I saw him run across the street. 我看见他跑过马路去了。 Was anyone seen to go out？ 有没有见人出去？ She wished those books to be returned sooner. 她希望那些书能尽早归还。 （5）作定语的用法 ①作定语时，一般位于所修饰的名词或代词后。例如： I have made a firm resolution to give up smoking . 我决心要戒烟。 I have several questions to discuss with you. 我有几个问题要与你讨论。 ②序数词与the only, the best等后面常跟不定式作定语。例如： He is the only boy in the university to win the prize . 他是那所大学唯一获奖的男生。 She was the first to climb to the top of the mountain . 她是第一个登上山顶的人。 ③若作定语的不定式为不及物动词，其后要加介词。例如： Please give me some paper to write on . 请给我一些纸写字。 I'm not sure which hotel to live in . 我还没决定住哪家饭店。 ④“介词+which+不定式”这一结构也可作定语，which代替前面的中心词。例如： You have many topics from which to choose . 你有许多题目可以选择。 I believe that is a proper standard by which to judge people . 我认为那是衡量人的一个合适的标准。 （6）作状语的用法 ①不定式作状语时大多表示目的。不定式的两种强调形式分别为 “so as to do” 与 “in order to do”。in order to可以放在句首；so as to 只能放在句尾。例如： They did anything in order to/so as to make money . 为了赚钱他们什么都做。 In order to/To master English , you must spend much effort on it. 为了掌握英语，你必须下大力气。 ②不定式常用于某些形容词后作原因状语。这些形容词大都表示情感状态。如happy, sad, amazed, overjoyed等。例如： We were all surprised to hear the news . 听到这个消息我们都很惊讶。 I am glad to see you . 见到你很高兴。 ③不定式作结果状语有下列几种情况： a. only（just）+动词。能这样用的动词数量有限，如learn, find, see, hear等。例如： He went home from his holiday only to find that his apartment had been broken into. 他度假回到家，结果发现公寓被盗了。 He hurried to the station just/only to learn that the train had left. 他急忙赶到车站，结果得知火车已经开走了。 b. too+adj./adv. +to do，常表否定含义，意为“太……而不能”。例如： It's too hot to go outside . 太热了，简直不能出门。 He runs too fast for me to catch up with . 他跑得太快了，我追不上。 c. adj./adv. +enough+to do，意为“足以……”。例如： We found the hall big enough to hold 2,000 people. 我们发现大厅很大，足以容纳2 000人。 She spoke slowly enough to make the audience hear her clearly. 她讲得很慢，所以能使听众听清楚。 d. so+adj./adv. +as to do 或such（a/an）+adj.+n. +as to do，意为“如此……以至于”。例如： It is such a dull book as to interest only a few people. 那是一本很乏味的书，只能引起少数人的兴趣。 She spoke so quickly as to make us not understand what she meant. 她说得如此之快，以至于我们都不明白她的意思。 （7）连接词+不定式结构：连接词“what（which, whether, whom, when, where）+不定式”结构可作主语，宾语和表语。例如： I wonder whether to go or not . 我不知道应该去还是不去。 I asked him how to learn English. 我问他如何学习英语。 （8）不定式的逻辑主语：有时，不定式在使用中须有自己的逻辑主语。主要有两种形式： ①for+名词（或代词宾格）+不定式。例如： For foreigners to study Chinese is difficult. 外国人学汉语是很难的。 His idea is for us to go in two different cars. 他的想法是让我们乘两部车去。 ②of+名词（或代词宾格）+不定式：在表示人物性格、特征等形容词之后，常用of引出不定式的逻辑主语。例如： How foolish of him to say so! 他说那样的话，多傻啊! It's very kind of you to help me. 谢谢你对我的帮助。 （9）不定式的否定式：不定式的否定式是not+to do。例如： They decided not to leave Nanjing the next day. 他们决定第二天不离开南京。 Tom wanted Mary not to divorce him. 汤姆要玛丽别跟他离婚。 （10）使用不带to的不定式的几种结构 ①在口语中，why或why not后常接不带to的不定式构成问句。例如： Why go there alone？ 为什么一个人去那儿？ Why not have lunch together with us？ 为什么不跟我们一起吃午饭呢？ ②在cannot but, can't help but, had better, may/might…as well, would（rather）sooner…than…, would…rather than…等习惯用法中。例如： I would sooner resign than work under that boss. 我宁愿辞职也不愿意在那个老板手下工作。 One cannot but be struck by his diligence. 人们不能不为他的勤奋所感动。 ③but与except作为介词如前面的谓语有实义动词do，介词后跟省去to的不定式。例如： We can do nothing but wait . 除了等待我们什么也做不了。 I have no other choice but/except give up the job. 除了辞职我别无选择。 （11）不定式的“体”式与语态 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 to write to be written 完成式 to have written to have been written 进行式 to be writing 完成进行式 to have been writing （12）不定式完成体的特殊用法 ①不定式的完成体表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作前。例如： It's nice to have talked to you. 跟你交谈感觉真好。 I'm sorry to have taken up so much of your time. 真抱歉占用你这么长时间。 ②在should like/would like/love等结构后面，表示过去未实现的动作。例如： I'd like to have gone with you on your hike last weekend. 真希望上周末能和你们一起远足。 ③少数表示 “计划、打算”的含义的过去时动词，如wish, hope, intend, mean, plan后跟不定式完成体，表示事实上并未实现的行为。例如： I was to have come yesterday, but I was very busy. 我本打算昨天来的，但太忙了。 I wished to have helped you, but I had no money then. 我本想帮助你的，但当时我没钱。 3. 动名词 （1）动名词的语法功能：与现在分词同形，主要起名词作用，在句中充当主语、表语、宾语、介词宾语和同位语等。 （2）作主语的用法 ①动名词可直接放在句首作主语。例如： Using the right hand to shake hands is a convention in many countries. 用右手握手是很多国家的习俗。 Seeing and doing are two entirely different things. 看和做完全是两码事。 ②动名词短语可用于某些形容词后作真正主语而用it 作形式主语。例如： It's useless speaking . 光说没用。 It's foolish doing so . 那样做是愚蠢的。 ③在一些习惯用法中，如it is no use/good/fun/a waste of time 等名词+doing中，常用it 作形式主语，动名词作真正主语。例如： It will be a sad thing parting with her . 跟她分手是件让人伤心的事。 It's no good writing to him ; he never answers letters. 给他写信没用，他从不回信。 ④在There is no+doing 结构中可充当主语。例如： There is no telling what he is going to do. 说不准他打算做什么。 There is no denying that she is very efficient. 不可否认，她效率很高。 （3）作表语时的用法：作表语时动名词可用来表示主语的内容。例如： My hobby is reading novels . 我的爱好是看小说。 My work is teaching English . 我的工作是教英语。 （4）作宾语的用法 ①某些动词后面只能跟动名词作宾语。例如： Will you admit having broken the glass ？ 你承认不承认打破了杯子？ I recommend buying the dictionary . 我建议买这本字典。 ②一些动词短语后只能跟动名词作宾语。例如： She couldn't help crying when hearing the news. 听到这个消息，她忍不住哭了起来。 Do you feel like having a cup of coffee ？ 想喝杯咖啡吗？ ③动名词也可在介词后面作宾语。例如： We are looking forward to meeting you . 我们期待与您见面。 We succeeded in getting over all the difficulties . 我们成功地克服了所有困难。 ④在复合宾语中，用it 作形式宾语，动名词短语则放在宾补后作真正宾语。例如： She found it useless arguing with him . 她发现与他争吵没有用。 I consider it a waste of time doing so . 我认为这么做是浪费时间。 ⑤在某些习惯用法中，动名词前的介词in常省略，仅保留动名词。例如： The children are busy （in） doing their homework . 孩子们忙于做功课。 I wasted half an hour （in） looking for a parking lot . 找停车场浪费了我半个小时。 （5）作同位语的用法：动名词可作主语，表语或宾语的同位语，用于进一步解释说明。例如： That was her favorite pastime, playing the violin . 那是她最喜爱的消遣——拉小提琴。 His habit, studying at night , remains unchanged. 他夜间学习的习惯始终没有改变。 （6）动名词的逻辑主语 ①动名词的主语若不是谓语动词的主语则需要有自己的逻辑主语，其逻辑主语可以是名词的所有格或普通格，人称代词的所有格或宾格。例如： I want to avoid Mary thinking I don't want to help. 我不想使玛丽认为我不愿意帮忙。 I object to his/him making private calls on the office phone. 我反对他因私事使用办公室电话。 ②动名词与其逻辑主语组成的动名词复合结构在句中可充当主语、表语和宾语。例如： My daughter staying up so late worried me. 我女儿熬夜到很晚让我很担心。 We can imagine there being a lot of fuss about it. 可以想象，人们会对此大惊小怪。 ③动名词作宾语时，若逻辑主语是无生命的名词，只能用普通格，否则用所有格。例如： I knew nothing about the window being broken . 我一点儿都不知道窗户被打破的事情。 I was afraid of the tent falling down in the storm. 我害怕帐篷在暴风雨中倒塌。 （7）动名词的“体”式和语态 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 writing being written 完成式 having written having been written 4. 分词 （1）分词的种类与区别：分词有两种：现在分词和过去分词。一般来说，现在分词表示的意义是主动的、进行的；过去分词表示的意义是被动的和完成的。但是，个别过去分词（多由不及物动词构成），并不表示被动，而只表示完成。如：fallen leaves, boiled water等。 （2）分词的语法功能：分词分为现在分词和过去分词。现在分词构成为v. +ing；过去分词构成为v. +ed。分词也有一般式、过去式、完成式及主动和被动等各种形式。分词主要起形容词和副词作用，在句中充当表语、定语、宾语（或主语）补足语和状语等。 （3）分词作表语：现在分词常表示特性；过去分词表示状态。例如： The door remained locked . 门还是锁着的。 The book is very interesting . 这本书很有趣。 （4）分词作定语 ①单个分词作定语通常用作前置定语；分词短语作定语通常作后置定语，其作用相当于一个省略了的定语从句。例如： Where is the reserved table？ 预订的桌子在哪儿？ There are many people waiting to get examined. 有许多人等着接受检查。 ②分词常与形容词、副词或名词构成合成形容词作定语。例如： The flower-carrying girl must be waiting for someone. 那个手捧鲜花的姑娘一定在等什么人。 The newly-built building is our office building. 新建的大楼是我们的办公楼。 （5）分词作宾语补足语 ①一些感官动词与使役动词常跟分词作宾补。如have, get, keep, set, make, catch, find, see, hear, feel, watch, start等。例如： We want the work finished as soon as possible. 我们要求这项工作尽快完成。 I discovered her copying something from the book. 我发现她正从书上抄些什么。 ②现在分词作宾补，说明宾语是动作的发出者，形成逻辑上的主谓关系；过去分词作宾补，表示宾语是动作的承受者，构成逻辑上的动宾关系。例如： The boss had Tom running upstairs and downstairs all the time. 老板总是让汤姆楼上楼下跑个不停。 He had his hair cut yesterday. 昨天他去理发了。 （6）分词作状语 ①分词作时间、原因或条件状语时，通常位于句子前面。例如： Heating water , we can change it into vapor. 给水加热，就能使它变成蒸汽。 Confined to bed , she needed to be waited on in everything. 她卧病在床，什么事都要人伺候。 ②分词作方式、伴随或结果状语，通常位于句末。例如： He stood there waiting for the bus . 他站在那儿等公车。 The hunters fired, wounding a wolf . 猎人们开枪了，打伤了一只狼。 ③为了强调，分词前可带when, while, if等连词一起作状语，以便使句子的意思更清楚、更连贯。例如： Unless working harder , you will never pass the exam. 除非更努力，否则你永远不能考及格。 Although tired , he still continued working. 虽然已经很累了，他还是继续工作。 （7）分词的独立结构 ①分词（短语）作状语时，尽管在形式上它没有主语，但其逻辑上的主语必须和谓语动词的主语保持一致。但是，分词有时也有自己独立的逻辑上的主语，这种结构称为分词的独立结构。 Studying in the college （=When I studied in the college）, I learned a lot from my teachers. 在大学学习时，我从老师那里学到了很多东西。 His mother being ill, he is absent today. 他的母亲病了，他今天没来。（独立结构） ②独立主格在句中可作状语，表示时间、原因、条件与伴随等。例如： His mother being ill , he is absent today. 他的母亲病了，他今天没来。（原因） Weather permitting , we will have a walk after supper. 如果天气允许，晚饭后我们会去散散步。（条件） He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat . 他满脸是汗地冲进了房间。（伴随） Everything considered , Jack is the best man to complete the task. 全面考虑，杰克是完成这项任务的最佳人选。 ③独立结构之前可用with与without引导，表示伴随情况。例如： With him helping me , I felt lucky. 有了他的帮助，我很幸运。 They traveled a whole day, without anything eaten . 他们走了一整天，什么都没吃。 注：分词用于独立结构时，如果分词是being, having been done形式时，没有实际意义的being或having been可以省略。 The report （having been） read , a discussion began. 读完报告，开始讨论。 The experiment （having been） finished , we left the lab and went home. 实验结束后，我们离开了实验室回家了。 （8）独立成分作句子的状语 有时现在分词词组的主语已经泛化，这时的现在分词已变成一种固定词组，表示说话人的一种态度。例如：generally speaking, judging from等。 Generally speaking , the project was quite successful. 总的来说，项目还是挺成功的。 Taken as a whole , we consider the composition well written. 总体上看，我们认为这篇作文写得不错。 （9）分词的“体”式与语态 一般式 完成式 被动式 playing played having played being played ①一般式（主动、被动） 分词的一般式的主动式所表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，或在谓语动词表示的动作之前发生。其被动式表示这个动作正在发生或与谓语动作同时发生，主要作定语、状语或宾补。例如： When I entered the room, I found him reading . 当我进入房间时，我发现他在读书。 I found the flowers watered . 我发现花已浇过了。 The building being repaired is a hospital. 正在修建的建筑物是一家医院。 He found the matter being talked everywhere. 他发现到处都在谈论这件事。 Being surrounded , the enemy were forced to put down their guns. 敌人被包围，不得不缴械投降。 ②完成式（主动、被动） 分词的完成式表示分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前。完成时态的分词在句中常作状语，一般不作定语。例如： Not having made adequate preparation, we postponed the sports meet. 由于没做好充分的准备，我们推迟了运动会。 Having been given such a good chance, how could he give it up？ 给了这样好的机会，他怎能放弃呢？ ③现在分词的被动式与过去分词的区别 过去分词表示动作已完成，不强调时间概念，而现在分词的被动式强调某一动作正在进行中。例如： The building repaired is library. 修建过的那个建筑物是我们的图书馆。 The building being repaired is our library. 正在修建的那个建筑物是我们的图书馆。 （10）延续性动词与终止性动词的现在分词在时间含义上的区别 延续性动词的现在分词结构相当于一个过去进行时时态的句子，而终止性动词的现在分词结构相当于一个一般过去时的从句。一般说来，延续性动词的现在分词表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生，而终止性动词的现在分词一般表示分词动作发生以后，谓语动词动作随即发生。例如： Walking in the street the other day（=While I was walking in the street the other day）, I came across an old friend of mine. 前几天在街上散步时，我遇到了一位老朋友。 Arriving at the airport （=When I arrived at the airport）, I found my flight had taken off. 到达机场时，我发现班机已经起飞。 5. 现在分词完成式与不定式完成式的区别 两者都表示某动作发生在谓语动词之前，但前者一般只用作状语，后者则用作除状语以外的任何其他成分，在谓语的复合结构中尤为常见。例如： Having made adequate preparations, we held the sports meet successfully. 由于做了充分准备，我们成功地举行了运动会。 They are said to have made adequate preparations for the final examination. 据说他们已经为期末考试做了充分的准备。 6. 非谓语动词的用法比较 （1）动名词作主语与不定式作主语的比较 ①有时两者可以互换，意思差别不大。一般来说，动名词表示习惯、爱好或抽象动作；动词不定式表示具体的、一次性动作。换句话说，动名词作主语通常不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起，而不定式作主语往往与特定的动作执行者联系在一起。例如： Lying is wrong.（泛指lying的做法或作风） To lie is wrong.（对于说谎者是谁，说话人心中是有所指的） It's not very good for you to smoke so much. 你抽那么多烟不好。（具体） Smoking is prohibited here. 此处禁止吸烟。（抽象） ②在“There/It+be+no use（good/help/need）”之后常用动名词作主语，而少用不定式。例如： It/There is no use crying over the spilt milk. 覆水难收。 It/There is no help taking this medicine. 吃药也无济于事。 ★但是如果该句型中用了for引出不定式的逻辑主语，就只能用不定式。例如： There is no good for us to do that exercise. 做那种练习对我们没好处。 ③不定式可以和when, where, how, what, whether等连用，在句子中作主语、宾语和表语，而动名词则不能。例如： Where to put the box seems hard to decide. 很难决定盒子放哪儿。 What to do next is up to you. 下面怎么办你来拿主意。 （2）动名词作主语与不定式作表语的比较：不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作；动名词作表语表示抽象的一般性的行为。如果主语是以aim, duty, hope, idea, happiness, job, plan, problem, purpose, thing, wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。例如： What I would suggest is to start work at once. 我的建议是立刻开始干。 His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future. 他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 Our work is serving the people. 我们的工作是为人民服务。 His hobby is collecting stamps. 他的爱好是集邮。 （3）作表语的过去分词与构成被动语态的过去分词的比较：作表语的过去分词表示主语所处的状态或特征，构成被动语态的过去分词表示主语是动作的承受者，强调的是动作。例如： The window was broken . 窗户破了。 The window was broken by Jack. 窗户被杰克打破了。 （4）动名词作表语与现在分词作表语的比较：前者作表语表示主语的内容，后者作表语表示主语的特征或属性。例如： The only thing that interests him is singing . 他唯一感兴趣的就是唱歌。 The story is interesting . 这个故事很有趣。 （5）现在分词作表语与构成进行时态的用法比较：作表语的现在分词表示主语所处的状态或特征，构成进行时态的现在分词表示主语正在进行的动作。例如： The present situation is encouraging . 目前的形式令人鼓舞。 The present situation is encouraging us to work harder. 当前的形势鼓舞我们更加努力地工作。 （6）某些动词后接动名词作宾语，接不定式作宾补。如advise, allow, forbid, permit, recommend等。例如： The boss does not allow smoking in the office. 老板不允许在办公室里吸烟。 The boss didn't allow Tom to smoke at the meeting. 老板不允许汤姆在会上吸烟。 （7）有些动词接动名词或不定式时意义不同。例如： I like taking a walk after dinner. 我喜欢晚饭后散散步。 I like to swim after dinner today because it's too hot. 太热了，晚饭后我想去游泳。 I regret to tell you that you failed the exam. 我遗憾地告知你，你考试没及格。 I regret not having worked hard before the exam. 我很后悔考试前没好好用功。 其他的有： remember/forget/regret+v. -ing 表已经发生的动作 remember/forget/regret+to do 表动作还没有发生 mean doing 意思是……，意味着…… mean to do 意欲，打算要做…… stop to do 停下来要做…… stop doing 停止正在做的动作 try doing 试着做…… try to do sth. 试图做…… （8）分词作宾补与不定式作宾补的比较：某些感官动词后既可跟现在分词也可跟不定式作宾补。它们之间的区别在于，现在分词着重说明动作正在发生；不定式则强调动作的全过程。例如： I saw him cross the street. 我看到他穿过马路了。 I saw him crossing the street. 我看到他正在过马路。 （9）不定式与分词作定语的比较：不定式作定语表示将来进行的动作；现在分词作定语指正在进行的动作；过去分词作定语指过去完成的动作。例如： The meeting to be held is very important. 将要举行的会议很重要。 The meeting being held is very important. 正在举行的会议很重要。 The held meeting is very important. 举行过的那个会议很重要。 Lesson 3 强化训练 一、选择题。 1. We regret ______ you that the materials you ordered are out of stock. A. informing B. to inform C. having informed D. to have informed 2. There is more land in Australia than the government knows ______. A. what to do with B. how to do C. how to do with D. to do it 3. The children went there to watch the iron tower ______. A. to erect B. be erected C. erecting D. being erected 4. A new technique ______, the yields as a whole increased by 20 percent. A. working out B. having worked out C. having been worked out D. to have been worked out 5. She was so angry that she felt like ______ something at him. A. to throw B. throwing C. to have thrown D. having thrown 6. Mary was seriously ill, so we arranged ______ by the best doctors. A. for her to be examined B. for her to examine C. her to be examined D. her examined 7. The students expected there ______ more reviewing classes before the final exams. A. is B. being C. have been D. to be 8. Contrast may make something appear more beautiful than it is when ______ alone. A. seen B. is seen C. to be seen D. having been seen 9. There was a good program on TV yesterday evening, but I was too busy ______. A. to work at my thesis and to write it B. to work at my thesis watching it C. working at my thesis to watch it D. working at my thesis and watching it 10. My wife suggested ______ to Scotland for a holiday, but I favor ______ Wales instead. A. to go; to visit B. to go; visiting C. going; visiting D. going; to visit 11. It is important ______ you to get there in time. A. that B. for C. of D. whether 12. He was lucky to escape ______ to prison. A. being sent B. sending C. to be sent D. sent 13. My younger brother couldn't help ______ when his toy plane fell into the river. A. but to cry B. but crying C. to cry D. crying 14. No one thought that John's suggestion was worth ______. A. to consider B. considering C. to be considered D. of consideration 15. There is no point ______ to play the piano, unless you practice every day. A. to learn B. by learning C. having learned D. in learning 16. The vocabulary and grammatical differences between British and American English are so trivial and few as hardly ______. A. noticed B. to be noticed C. being noticed D. to notice 17. I didn't mean ______ anything, but these apples looked so good I couldn't resist ______ one. A. to eat; trying B. to eat; to trying C. eating; to try D. eating; to trying 18. There is one thing I dislike about him; he will never admit ______ a mistake. A. having made B. making C. being made D. having been made 19. Several of these washers and dryers are out of order and ______. A. need to be repairing B. require that they be repaired C. repairing is required of them D. need to be repaired 20. Our modern civilization must not be thought of as ______ in a short period of time. A. being created B. to have been created C. having been created D. to be created 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. With different methods ______（use）, different results are obtained. 2. The old lady stepped into a dark room, with a ______（light） candle in her hand. 3. A lot of sheep were found ______（lie） on the ground, dead. 4. Mr. Wang found his French ______（limit） when he got to France. 5. If you can't turn the key, try ______（put） some oil in the lock. 6. If you put your money into that business, you risk ______（lose） every penny. 7. Rather than ______（ride） on a crowded bus, he always prefers ______（ride） a bicycle. 8. We agreed ______（meet） here but so far she hasn't turned up yet. 9. We try ______（spend） the little time that we have together wisely. 10. He claimed ______（badly treat） there. 11. He remembered ______（pass） on most of the information, but forgot ______（mention） one or two of the most important facts. 12. ______（see） from the hill top, the lake scenery is very beautiful. 13. ______（enter） the room, the messenger collapsed, his face ______（cover） with sweat. 14. Potatoes should ______（wash） before ______（peel）. 15. I can hardly stand ______（hear） a piano ______（play） so badly. 三、翻译下列句子。 1. 百闻不如一见。 2. 我们认为放弃那个要求是明智的。 3. 听说他已开始了一系列新的实验。 4. 那个美国人说话太快，学生们一点都听不懂。 5. 我宁愿辞职也不愿在那个老板手下工作。 6. 我本打算今年好好度个假，但是没能离开。 7. 我不知道他们做过这样的事。 8. 这个问题值得考虑。 9. 由于他缺席，什么事也没法干。 10. 由他所说的来判断，他一定是一个诚实的人。 非谓语动词 答案 一、选择题。 1—5 BADCB 6—10 ADACC 11—15 BADBD 16—20 BAADC 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. used 2. lighted 3. lying 4. limited 5. putting 6. losing 7. riding; riding 8. to meet 9. to spend 10. to have been badly treated 11. passing; to mention 12. Seen 13. Entering; covered 14. be washed; being peeled 15. hearing; being played 三、翻译下列句子。 1. Seeing is believing. 2. We consider it wise to give up that demand. 3. He is said to have started a series of new experiments. 4. The American spoke too fast for the students to follow. 5. I would sooner resign than work under that boss. 6. I meant to have taken a good holiday this year, but I wasn't able to get away. 7. I have no idea of their having done such a thing. 8. The problem deserves thinking about. 9. He being absent, nothing could be done. 10. Judging from what he said, he must be an honest man. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $