专题08 特殊句式之并列结构-2026年高考高考英语阅读理解长难句突破

专题08 特殊句式之并列结构 高考英语阅读理解 长难句突破 CONTENTS 基本特征 01 并列结构分类 02 特殊用法 03 长难句之并列结构 04 基本特征 ① 1. 并列结构：两个或两个以上意义相关、层次相同、句法功能也相同、并由并列连词或其他并列手段连接起来的结构序列。 e.g. Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. Knowledge is a treasure, but practice is key to it.  2. 并列结构的形式 （1）词和词的并列 e.g. boys and girls buy or sell good but expensive 基本特征 ① （2）词组和词组的并列 e.g. a teacher and a student walking down the street or running through an alley with strength but without confidence （3）分句和分句的并列（并列句） e.g. The children can go with us or they can stay at home. This sentence may be correct grammatically, but a native speaker never says it that way. 基本特征 ① 通常简单句中的主语、宾语、表语都是一个对象，即一个名词或代词、一个doing或to do如果想表述多个对象（作为一个整体），也可以把多个名词、代词、doing或to do并列在一起作主语、宾语、表语。并列多个对象时，通常会在中间加上并列连词（或词组），最常用的就是and和or. 例：Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity. 翻译：科学和技术会治愈人类的所有疾病. 讲解：此句中想表达“科技”，即“科学和技术”，因此主语并列了两个对象science和 technology,它们作为一个整体，通过并列连词and连接。 基本特征 ① 注意：表语（注意主语和宾语不适用）不仅可以由名词或相当于名词的成分（代词或非谓语动词）来充当，同时也可以用形容词或介词短语等来充当. 例：Second, they are mostly bright and well-educated. 翻译：第二，他们大多数聪明并受过良好的教育. 讲解：此句中表语为两个形容词bright和well-educated,通过并列连词and连接。 基本特征 ① 如果并列连词相同，并列多个对象时可以把前面的连词省略，用逗号代替，最后一个对 象前再加上并列连词. 例：Consequently, our feelings, thoughts and emotions have undergone a corresponding change. 翻译：因此，我们的情感、想法和情绪也经历了相应的变化。 讲解：此句中，主语为三个对象：our feelings, thoughts, emotions 但不要写成our feelings and thoughts and emotions,因为并列连词都相同，所以省略前面的连词，换成逗号连接，就变成了 our feelings, thoughts and emotions 基本特征 ① 并列多个主语、宾语、表语时，常用的并列连词（或词组）主要分为两类：1 .表示并列（顺接）2.表示选择 例：Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science, psychology, and sociology. 翻译：社会科学的学科包括地理学、经济学、政治学、心 理学和社会学。 讲解：此句中，及物动词include后的宾语为五个对象：geography, economics, political science, psychology, sociologyQ但不需要在中间依次加上四个一样的并列连词and,所以省略前面的连词，换成逗号连接 基本特征 ① 例：it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating on technique. 翻译：它包括设定具体的目标、获得及时的反馈以专注于技术 讲解：并列三个doing词组，作宾语(及物动词involves后)，通过逗号和and连接。 基本特征 ① 例：The researchers mapped not only the city's vast ceremonial areas, but also hundreds of simpler apartment buildings. 翻译：研究人员不仅绘制出这座城市宽阔的仪式地区， 还绘制出数百座较为简陋的公寓大楼 讲解：并列两个名词词组，作宾语(及物动词mapped后)，通过not only... but also...连接 基本特征 ① 例：.today's industrialization is neither at a high level nor resistant to huge investment. 翻译：今天的工业化既未达到一个高水平，也不排斥大量投资 讲解：并列了两个短语，作表语(系动词is后)，通过neither... nor...连接，再次提醒，表语（主语，宾语不可）可以由形容词和介词词组来担当。 基本特征 ① 1. 常见情形：两个以上项目构成的并列结构只在最后一个项目之前用并列连词，其他项目之间仅用逗号连接。 e.g. Nature, time, and patience are the three great physicians. He opened the letter, read it, and made a note of its contents. 2. 特殊情形 （1）全用连词 e.g. She turned and smiled and said good night to her father. Raising vegetables presents endless opportunities for weeding and thinning and hoeing and watering. 基本特征 ① （2）全用逗号 e.g. Individuals are less troubled by feelings of guilt when they share responsibility for killings with a group — a street gang, lynch mob, terrorist organization. 3. 分号 （1）连接两个并列分句，通常表示一种对比关系。 e.g. By reading we enrich the mind; by conversation we polish it. （2）在某些连接性状语（如accordingly，besides，furthermore，hence，however，nevertheless， therefore ...）之前，通常用分号，不用逗号。 e.g. I have never been in the place before; besides, it was as dark as a tomb. 基本特征 ① He had worked in the foreign service for two years without leave; hence he was tired almost beyond endurance. 4. 冒号 连接两个并列分句，通常表示下文是对上文的解释和发挥。 e.g. Humanity has three great enemies: disease, fam、ine, and war, of which war is by far the most terrible. Everything for the trip is ready: the car checked, the baggage loaded, and the money in hand. 并列结构分类 ② 表示增补或并列关系 1. This is my bag, and yours is on the table. 这是我的书包，你的在餐桌上。 表示增补或并列关系的连词有：and, both…and…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…, as well as 等。 2. Not only did the restaurant overcharge me, but also they hadn’t served me well. 餐馆不仅要价太高，而且对我的服务也不周到。 并列结构分类 ② 1.表示并列关系 句子+and+句子…并且; both...and两者都; as well as和, 又; not only...but also...不仅...而且... 1.Work hard, _____ you will succeed. 2.Paper- cutting is one of Chinese traditions ____ I am sure you will like it. 3.The paper’s broad content have ________ enriched our after-class life, ______ broadened our horizons. and and not only but also 本报刊内容广泛不仅丰富了我的课余生活，也开阔了我们的视野。 并列结构分类 ② 表示选择关系 1. Hurry up, or you’ll miss the flight. 赶快，否则你就要误航班了。 表示选择关系的连词有：or, or else, otherwise, either…or…, whether…or…。 2. Whether you will leave or stay is up to you. 是去是留，由你自己决定。 并列结构分类 ② 2.表示选择关系 or 否则，或者; or else 否则; otherwise 否则 either...or 或者...或者...; 要么...要么...; neither...nor.... 既不...也不... ; 4.Work hard, ____ you won’t succeed. 5. Seize the opportunity, _____ you will regret it. 6.Don’t drive too fast, ______ you will have an accident. 7.We are going to the bookstore in John’s car. You can come with us ____ you can meet us there later. 8.Neither the teacher _____ his students know how to work out the problem. or or or or or 并列结构分类 ② 表示转折关系 1. I’d like to help you, but I am too busy. 我很愿意帮你，但是我太忙了。 表示转折关系的连词有：but, while, still, however, yet。 2. Some people like coffee, while others are fond of tea. 一些人喜欢喝咖啡，而另一些人喜欢喝茶。 并列结构分类 ② 3.表示转折关系 but 但是; while(表示对比，用while“然而，却”); not.....but......不是......而是..... still (仍然,与though /although连用) ; yet (然而) 9.He made a promise, _______ he didn’t keep it. 10. Good habits can contribute to high learning efficiency, _____ bad ones lead to the opposite. 11.I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I have made over the years. I work not because I have to,  _____ because I want to.”(2019全国卷II) 12.He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, _____ he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” higher. but but but but 我喜欢到这里来看我的家人和我多年来叫的朋友，我工作不是因为我必须工作，而是因为我想工作。 并列结构分类 ② 表示因果关系 1. It was raining; therefore we had to stay at home. 天下雨了，因此我们只好待在家里。 表示因果关系的连接词有：for, so, therefore。 2. August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. 八月是每年稻谷收割的时节，因此，每天我从早干到晚。 并列结构分类 ② so/thus/ therefore so(表结果用so, 因此, 所以; 不与because连用) for(表原因，用for, 因为，理由是) 4.表示因果关系 13 I am not afraid of tomorrow, ______ I have seen yesterday and I love today. 14. It rained heavily, ___________ it was hard for him to see the road clearly. 15.He found it increasingly difficult to read, ______ his eyesight was beginning to fail. for 我不害怕明天，因为我见过昨天并深爱今天。 so/therefore for 特殊用法 ③ 1. Let’s hurry; it’s getting late. 快点，已经晚了。 有些并列句，由于各分句之间有相当密切的关系，可不用并列连词来连接，只用逗号或分号隔开。 and, as well as 等连接的并列句中，后面的某些成分常被省略。 2. We study English and they (study) German. 我们学英语，而他们学德语。 特殊用法 ③ 1.Let alone other’s laughs, ____ you will taste a sense of achievement of challenging yourself. (2022新高考I. 读后续写) 2.Find ways to praise your children, _____ you’ll find they will open their hearts to you.(2020全国卷1) 3.Looking back, I know the greatest difficulty on our way to success is our fear. Overcome it, _____ we will be able to achieve our goals. 1.祈使句，and +陈述句(一般将来时) and and and 特殊用法 ③ 2. “祈使句＋or/otherwise＋陈述句”表示“……否则……”， 相当于“if ... not＋主句”。 4. Hurry up , _____ we’ll be late for the meeting. ＝___ we _______ hurry up, we’ll be late for the meeting. 5. Follow your doctor’s advice, __________ your cough will get worse. or If don’t or/otherwise 3.名词词组，+and +陈述句。 (名词词组中通常含有more, another, further, earlier等词。) 6. One more week, ____ we will accomplish the task better. 7. Just a little more patience, ____ we’ll look into it soon. and and 特殊用法 ③ 4. when=and just at this/that time 就在这/那时 ①was/were doing sth....when.. 正在做...这时.... ②was/were going to do sth...when... 正要做...这时... ③was/were about to do sth...when....正要...这时... ④was/were on the point of doing sth...when... 正要...这时... ⑤had (just) done sth. ...when... 刚做...这时... 8.I was surfing the Internet the other day _______ I received likes and comments given by thousands of viewers. 9.He was about to go to school ______ a strong wind began to blow. when when 长难句之并列结构 ④ （湖北B） For Sheila, wasting time or money is a crime, and luxury is unthinkable while Perri enjoys the occasional small luxury, but has not been successful at trying to persuade her mother into enjoying even the tiniest thing she likes. 长难句之并列结构 ④ （北京D） Most people thought they were better than average at multitasking, and those who thought they were better at it were more likely to report 长难句之并列结构 ④ （湖北B） Together they compare thoughts on bringing up children and working, admit long-hidden sorrows, and enjoy precious memories. 一级并列：compare…，admit…, and enjoy…; 二级并列：bringing up and working 长难句之并列结构 ④ （湖北D） Computers have revolutionized our lives and they have the power to educate and pass on knowledge. 一级并列：Computers句 and they句. 长难句之并列结构 ④ （北京 D） People multitask not because it’s going to lead to greater productivity, but because they’re distractible, and they get sucked into things that are 长难句之并列结构 ④ （湖北E） Surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting 长难句之并列结构 ④ （上海B） Warranty Does Not Cover It If：product has damage due to product alteration, connection to an improper electrical supply, shipping and handling, accident, fire, floods, lightning or other conditions beyond the 长难句之并列结构 ④ （湖北B） Perri notes with amazement how closely her own life has mirrored her mother’s: both have full-time careers； both have published books, articles, and stories； each has three children； they both love to read. They also love to travel—in fact, they often take trips together. 谢谢观看！ $