专题12 长难句解读之拆分简化-2026年高考高考英语阅读理解长难句突破

该高中英语高考复习课件聚焦“长难句突破”专题，依据高考评价体系覆盖五大基本句型、三大从句（名词性/定语/状语从句）及修饰成分（介词短语、非谓语等）核心考点，通过近五年真题分析明确定语从句（35%）、非谓语动词（28%）等高频考点分布，归纳含插入语、并列成分的复合句等常考题型。 课件亮点在于“四步简化口诀+主干拆解法”的实战策略，如以全国卷I阅读D篇长难句为例，运用“划主干-括修饰-圈连词-理逻辑”步骤提取核心信息，培养学生语言理解与逻辑分析的思维品质。特设“真题考点对接表”和“易错修饰成分警示”，通过高仿真训练让学生熟练拆解技巧，教师可据此精准指导，提升备考效率。

专题12 长难句解读之拆分简化 高考英语阅读理解 长难句突破 CONTENTS 辨识长难句 01 长难句简化口诀 02 长难句拆解 03 长难句分析示例 04 辨识长难句 ① B 1.Learning English is important. 2.He looks happy. A 1.The man laughed. 2.The children cried. C 1.He helped me. 2.I like smiling. D 1.He lent me fifty yuan. 2.I bought her some flowers. E 1.We call him Mike. 2.He makes me sad. 主+系 + 表 主+谓+宾+宾补 主+谓+ 双宾 主+谓+ 宾 主 + 谓 句子的五种基本句型 辨识长难句 ① The man laughed. Learning English is important. He helped me. I bought her some flowers. He makes me sad. Mr.Zhang is our headteacher and we respect him from the bottom of our heart. Oliver believed that with a million-pound bank note a man could live a month in London. However, many scientists who specialize in ageing are doubtful about it and say that the human body is just not designed to last past about 120 years. and that who and that 辨识长难句 ① 长难句分析初体验 Mr Yan is our math teacher. Mr Yan, a nice gentlemen of medium height with short black hair, is our math teacher. 同位语作插入语 Mr Yan, a nice gentlemen of medium height with short black hair, is our math teacher, who is patient with us and devoted to his work with all his heart and admired by his students. 介词短语 定语从句 并列成分 辨识长难句 ① 长难句到底难在哪里？ （1）在简单句的基础上加了较多修饰成分，比如：介词短语、形容词短语、非谓语动词等。 （2）含有三大从句的复合句(名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句)。 （3）并列成分、插入语等的存在。 （4）特殊句式的使用：倒装、强调句型和省略。 长难句简化口诀 ② 1. 划出句子主干(主谓) trunk 谓语动词有什么特点 2. 括起修饰成分 拨开枝叶减少干扰 3. 圈出句中连词 根据连词确定从句类型 4. 理顺逻辑读懂句意 注意英汉差异：后置定语 理清句子主干和附属成分之间逻辑关系 一划 (二括/圈) “三会意” branches (leaves) 长难句简化口诀 ② A difficult sentence 1. trunk(主干部分) 2. modifiers 修饰语部分 非谓语动词 形容词、副词 、介词短语 同位语、插入语 从句 独立主格结构 I was rooted to the spot, tears of fear mixed with rain streaming down my face. 长难句简化口诀 ② In 2017, a conversation with her friend Gabby shifted(改变) her mindset towards education. (2024.武汉市九调b篇) In spite of the difficulties, we went on with our work. Did you like the last grand fashion show of the 20th century? 首先去掉介词短语（介+名结构） 注意⚠️：动词短语除外 常用介词：between, among, through, despite, in , about, across, during, including, against, by, within, considering, regarding. 长难句简化口诀 ② 去掉不必要的同位语（常作插入语） 同位语一般就是用来解释补充前面的名词（头衔、名词词组、分词或定从），在阅读理解中，可以先去掉 （1）Tony, one of the cleverest boys in our school, is planning to attend the university. （2）Deng Shihai, an early expert on Pu’er tea, praised its “flavorless flavor” as the highest level Pu’er can attain. (2024.武汉市九调语法填空) 长难句简化口诀 ② To resisit(抵抗) this threat, the Uros began to build the floating islands with the water-proof(防水的) plant called totora, which grows in the lake and is the lifeblood of the Uros community. (2024.武汉九调a篇) 再去掉非谓语、各大从句 长难句简化口诀 ② 主干 句子的主要大意 修饰 重要补充信息 句子 整句话的意思 主干和修饰在句子中有什么关系呢？ 长难句简化口诀 ② 1. 去繁存简，抓取主干 无论句子多长，结构多么复杂，句子都是由一些基本成分组成的，因此突破长难句的关键在于先找到句子的主干，再分析其他成分。 2. 调整语序，理解句意 理解句意时，应注意英、汉两种语言的差异，合理调整语序。 长难句拆解 ③ 找主干 去修饰 找动词 找名词（代词） 找名词（代词） 找宾语的补充 找形容词 找名词（短语） 找副词 主 谓 宾 补 定 同 状 长难句拆解 ③ 找主干 去修饰 Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their “new” clothes home. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds. 长难句拆解 ③ 谓 谓 主 宾 状 定 定 I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active. I drove and saw the chick. 1. over looking healthy and active in the nest 找主干 去修饰 长难句拆解 ③ 找主干 去修饰 定 状 定 定 主 系 表 主 谓 宾 The wall is 12 meters and you can see people. 2. high from here streams of moving inside and outside the City Wall The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall. 长难句拆解 ③ 找主干 去修饰 As her power and influence grew, Zhen Huan became increasingly isolated and lonely, her only relief coming from her relationship with the emperor which was both a source of comfort and of danger. Step 1: 扔掉长得像从句的。（找准引导词）that,which,as,when... Step 2: 扔掉修饰语（介词短语、形，副，非谓语短语、插入语） Step 3: 找到句子主干（简单句） Step 4: 句子主干不完整？（把从句或修饰成分加回来） 长难句分析示例 ④ Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, to help reduce unemployment pressures . (2009 江苏) 1.带有较多成分的简单句：去枝叶, 留主干。 介词短语 定语 介词短语 同位语 状语 状语 主干 Schools are expected to hire college graduates 长难句分析示例 ④ 2.含有多个从句的复合句：找主干,分析从句, 理解句意。 (2018年全国II卷 阅读理解C篇) The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading. 主干 The data shows evidence. 定语 定语 状语 介词短语 长难句分析示例 ④ Eg:1.The lack of right male (男性的) role models in many of their lives — at home and particularly in the school environment — means that their peers are the only people they have to judge themselves against. (2008辽宁卷C篇) 　　 译文：在他们很多人的生活中，如在家里，尤其是在学校，缺少合适的男性榜样，这就意味着他们只好对照自己的同龄人来评判自己。 高考英语长难句分析课件（共28张）ppt课件完美课件优秀课件公开课课件 ( ) ( ) 3.含有插入语的句子:忽略插入成分,直奔句子主题. 长难句分析示例 ④ 4. 成分省略: 把握大意, 找出上文对应信息, 补充省略成分 The magazine is male-targeting because young guys generally won't pick up a magazine that appears to be directed at females, whereas girls usually will. 找出省略的内容： pick up a magazine that appears to be directed at females 翻译整句： 这份杂志是男性导向的，因而年轻小伙子通常不会捡起一本看上去指向女性的杂志来看，而女性通常会。 长难句分析示例 ④ 5. 倒装句: 确定主语, 调整语序,把握大意. 高考英语长难句专题 高考英语长难句专题 Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage (从事) in dangerous and risky behavior.” as引导的让步状语从句 句子主干 注：as意为“尽管”时，引导的让步状语从句要用倒装语序，其结构为：形容词 / 名词 / 副词 / 动词原形 + as + 主语 + 谓语…… 主语 谓语 长难句分析示例 ④ (全国卷I 阅读D篇) In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations, including UNESCO and National Geographic, have for many years been recording dying languages and the culture which they reflect. Many scholars are making efforts to ______ A. promote global languages. B. rescue the disappearing languages. C. search for languages communities. D. set up languages research organizations. B 长难句分析示例 ④ (全国卷II) Back in 1983, as two scientists reported, young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. What does a plant do when it is under attack? A. It makes noise. B. It stands quietly. C. It gets help from other plants. D. It sends out certain chemicals. D 谢谢观看！ $