专题11 特殊句式之分隔结构-2026年高考高考英语阅读理解长难句突破

该高中英语高考复习课件聚焦长难句分隔现象，依据高考评价体系梳理分隔产生、分隔词语、常见现象及长难句模型四大核心考点。通过近五年真题分析明确主谓分隔、先行词与定语从句分隔等高频考点（如2019全国卷I阅读D含同位语分隔），归纳语法填空、阅读理解等常考题型，体现备考针对性。 课件亮点在于“真题解析+模型构建+技巧指导”，以2019全国卷完型“Kilimanjaro experience”句为例，解析主谓被插入语拆散的“先去障碍法”，培养学生语言能力和思维品质。提供分隔词语列表、长难句模型应对策略，帮助学生快速拆解复杂句式，教师可据此开展专题突破，提升复习效率。

专题11 特殊句式之分隔结构 高考英语阅读理解 长难句突破 CONTENTS 分隔的产生 01 用作分隔的词语 02 常见的分隔现象 03 分隔式长难句 04 分隔的产生 ① 在英语句子中，两个结构关系密切或意义紧密相连的成分应尽量紧挨在一起。但有时因为表达、修辞、句型等原因，需要在这些紧密相连的成分之间插入一些其他词语，从而造成分隔现象。 一.自然分隔 当两个及以上的后置定于同时修饰一个名词时，或两个及以上的状语同时修饰一个动词或形容词时，或一个及物动词有两个宾语时，分隔是必然的。 For the last 13 years of her life she was a widow in a land where she was not liked, ruled by a son who hated her. 译：在她生命的最后13年，她孀居在她儿子统治的国家，那个国家不喜欢她，她儿子也恨她。 分隔的产生 ① 二.句型限制 在一些特殊结构中，由于句型的要求，谓语动词的两个成分或连系动词常常和主语补足语分隔。例如： Try as you may, you will not succeed. Are you ready? 分隔的产生 ① 三.修辞需要 1. 为使句子保持平衡，避免头重脚轻的现象或是为了避免累赘。如： She keeps in the garden some of the most lovable little rabbits you ever saw. 译：她在花园里养着一些你所见到过的最可爱的小兔子。 2. 为使表达准确严密，避免引起误解。比较： He promised to really unite the people in the company.（修饰 unite） He promised really to unite the people in the company.（修饰 promised） He promised to unite the people really in the company.（修饰 in the company） 分隔的产生 ① 三.修辞需要 3. 为了强调，可将句中某个成分置于句首或句尾，或为了使上下文衔接紧凑而把句中的某个成分置于句首，或为了突出某一部分从而造成分隔现象。 This too we have tolerated.（强调宾语，造成动宾分隔） Happy people, as especially in individualistic Western cultures, like themselves. 4. 避免句式呆板，使表达生动活泼。例如： It was, as I said, not no be liked. 上句的表达可以使句中有所停顿，句式显得灵活。 用作分隔的词语 ② 一.介词短语 常见的介词短语有 in addition to, for example, for instance, of course, as a result, in fact, as a matter of fact 等。 Part of growing up, of course, is realizing that there is only so much room in one life, whether you are male or female. 译：当然，成长也意味着，要明白一生就只有这么长，不管你是男是女。 用作分隔的词语 ② 例：David Lee, for example, appeared at political events. 翻译：比如，David Lee就曾参与过一些政治活动 讲解：逗号之间的for example,是插入语，表示比如 用作分隔的词语 ② 二.非限定动词短语 The burglar, found guilty of breaking into the store, was put on 4 years' probation（缓刑）, sentenced to 180 days in jail and ordered to do 200 hours of community service. The resistance experienced when one body moves over another, with which it is in contact, is called the frictional force. 用作分隔的词语 ② 三.独立主格结构 But it's the millions of homes, with furnaces or air-conditioners running full blast, that cause the problem. 译：但是，正是这成百上千万的让他们家里的炉子和空调全速运转的家庭造成了这个问题。 用作分隔的词语 ② 四.副词和副词短语 常见的副词和副词短语有 however, therefore, moreover, hence, more or less 等。 Until recently, I was reconciled（调和，妥协）, more or less, to being mediocre（平庸的） for life. Sometimes, though, you may find that high priority items are the very ones you seek to avoid. 用作分隔的词语 ② 例：These facts, however, have previously been thought unrelated. 翻译：然而之前人们认为这些事实之间并不是相关联的。 讲解：逗号之间的 however是插入语，表示转折 用作分隔的词语 ② 五.同位语 Jeff, a 27-year-old hacker, has a different point of view. Joanna, Faber's teenage daughter, came home one day looking distressed. 六.各类从句 Does this simply imply, as many have surmised（猜测）, that women are better at following Cicero's advice to “resist appearance”? You just sit back and let it -- whatever it is -- happen. 用作分隔的词语 ② 例： The number of papers including the keywords "environmental change” or "climate change" have increased rapidly since 2004. 翻译：自2004年以来，含有关键词“环境变化”或者“气候变化”的论文的数量迅速增长。 讲解：“environmental change”, or "climate change,为同位语，进一步地解释说明前面的名词 keywords指的是什么，即说明了keywords的具体内容是什么。 用作分隔的词语 ② 七.引述语 常见的引述语有 I think, I believe, I say, it reports 等。 It is there, they say, that children must be helped develop enough self-esteem to make occasional failure an unthreatening prospect and enough of asense of right and wrong to overcome the urge to cheat. 译：他们说，必须帮助孩子们在家里树立足够的自尊心，不至于将偶尔的失败视作危及前途的事，使他们树立明确的是非观，克制作弊的欲望。 八.呼语 But the truth is, Sir, all last term I felt as if nothing go in me whatsoever. * 括号和破折号也用作分隔的手段，此处举例略去。 用作分隔的词语 ② 例：You can, Mr. James points out, become a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four. 翻译：James先生指出，你可以在三年内成为一名律师’ 在四年内成为一名医生。 讲解：逗号之间的 Mr. James points out 是插入语，表示James先生指出 常见的分隔现象 ③ 被定语/定语从句分隔 被同位语/同位语从句分隔 被状语从句分隔 被插入成分分隔 2 1 3 4 常见的分隔现象 ③ 1. Seychelles , ________(lie) off the coast of East Africa, is a country made up of 155 ilands in Indian Ocean. 2.Yellowstone National Park, ________ is located primarily in the U.S. state of Wyoming, is the first national park in the world. lying which 主谓分隔-定语/定语从句 常见的分隔现象 ③ 主谓分隔-同位语/同位语从句 Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology, sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers.(2019 全国卷I 阅读D) The phenomenon that people are becoming more and more reliant on smart phones has influenced their daily communication in the real world. 常见的分隔现象 ③ 主谓分隔-状语从句 The most vital thing , if you want to make your speech perfectly understood, is that you’d better base it on Chinese culture. 把下面句子变成主谓间隔的形式 No matter how hard it seems, keep trying will make it get easier. Keep trying,________________________, will make it get easier. no matter how hard it seems If you want to make your speech perfectly understood, the most vital thing is that you’d better base it on Chinese culture. 常见的分隔现象 ③ The best of a Kilimanjaro experience, in my opinion, isn't reaching the top.(2019全国卷完型) This book, I suppose/think, will give you some idea of what Ecology is about. 主谓分隔-插入语 分隔式长难句 ④ 长难句常见分隔模型 　　1.主谓、宾谓分隔：主谓宾是最基本句式顺序。这个句式被分隔会出现，主谓被拆散，谓宾被拆散现象。 　　 分隔式长难句 ④ 主谓常被插入语，同位语（从句），定语（从句）拆散，为了方便理解，先暂时拿走主谓间的障碍物。 【模型1A—主谓被插入语拆散】 Sometimes what is taken for granted, like the setting up of a water purification plant or the administration of a school, could be useful for countries which are looking about to solve common problems. 【此句结构】主语，插入语，系表。 应对方法：主谓被插入语拆散，理解时，拿走插入语;暂时忽略长定语从句 从句作主语 谓语 插入语 插入语识别特征：前后有逗号；大部分是口头语：比如，当然，然而，说实话，此外，等；拿走插入语对全句影响不大。 分隔式长难句 ④ （湖南C） Son Austin, now a 10th-grader, didn’t see the point of building a library that resembles a mailbox. 【难点】see the point of， resemble （北京32 ）Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was that it was rather closely modeled on his own life. 同位语 定语从句 同位语 定语从句 分隔式长难句 ④ 【模型1C—主谓被长定语（从句）拆散】 （山东B） A standard double room at the Thistle Brighton on the final Friday of the Brighton Comedy Festival (19 Oct.) cost £169.15 at booking.com. （北京27） Children who are not active or whose diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. 【此句结构】主（定）谓 长定语 分隔式长难句 ④ 【模型2—谓宾被长状语拆散】 （新课标） The multiplication tables(乘法口诀表)are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are 分隔式长难句 ④ 【模型3—宾语宾补被拆散】 （湖南C） After adding the library’s final touches (装点), the family hung a signboard on the front, instructing users to “take a book, return a book,” and making the Henriksen library, now one of several hundred like it nationwide and among more than 2,500 in the world, the only Little Free Library in Palm Beach County. 宾语补足语 宾补 宾语 同位语 同位语 分隔式长难句 ④ 【模型4—先行词定从被拆散】 特征：先行词后第一词不是引导词,必然是分隔句。 Newton is shown as a gifted scientist with very human weaknesses who stood at the point in history where magic(魔法) ended and science began. 定语 where只能修饰地点（抽象地点环境） 定从 先行词 who只能修饰人 定从 先行词 分隔式长难句 ④ 【模型5—先行词同位语从句被拆散】 特征：破折号常常是隔开标志 应对方法：暂时忽略 （北京C） That's why slight differences in conversational style--tiny little things like microseconds of pause--can have a great effect on one's life. 同位语 先行词 分隔式长难句 ④ 【模型6—It/that】 应对方法：先忽略长间隔 （福建D） It is a truth finally and universally acknowledged that a single woman with brains deserves to have equal opportunities to men, however disadvantaged she may feel by sexism. 分隔式长难句 ④ 【模型7—破折号后面是对前者的解释或破折号引出同类】 应对方法：先化简后还原 （湖南A） If you can be flexible and want to know dates to avoid—or you’re looking for a big event to pass your time—check out sites such as Whatsonwhen.com, which allow you to search for events in the UK by city, date and category. 主谓一致能提供定语从句先行词的线索。 谢谢观看！ $