内容正文:
UNIT 5 Revealing nature.同步词汇笔记
序号
单词
派生词
核心考点
单词速记
例句
1
seed /siːd/ n. 种子,籽
无(高中阶段常见派生词)
1. sow seeds(播种)2. plant seeds(种种子)
“植物繁殖的载体→种子”
Farmers usually sow seeds in spring when the weather gets warm.(农民通常在天气变暖的春天播种。)
2
distant /ˈdɪstənt/ adj. 遥远的;疏远的
distance /ˈdɪstəns/ n. 距离;远方
1. distant place(遥远的地方)2. in the distant past(在遥远的过去)
“空间或时间上离得远→遥远的”
My grandparents live in a distant village, and we visit them once a year.(祖父母住在遥远的村庄,我们每年去看他们一次。)
3
answer the call 响应号召
无(短语)
1. answer the call of duty(响应职责的号召)2. answer the national call(响应国家号召)
“回应他人或集体的召唤→响应号召”
Many young people answered the call to volunteer in the disaster area.(许多年轻人响应号召,去灾区做志愿者。)
4
disgrace /dɪsˈɡreɪs/ n. 丢脸,耻辱;v. 使丢脸
disgraceful /dɪsˈɡreɪsfl/ adj. 丢脸的;不光彩的
1. be a disgrace(是耻辱,是丢脸的事)2. bring disgrace on sb(给某人带来耻辱)
“让人丢脸的事或状态→丢脸,耻辱”
Cheating in the exam is a disgrace to both yourself and the school.(考试作弊对你自己和学校来说都是耻辱。)
5
geologist /dʒiˈɒlədʒɪst/ n. 地质学家
1. geology /dʒiˈɒlədʒi/ n. 地质学2. geological /ˌdʒiəˈlɒdʒɪkl/ adj. 地质的
1. a famous geologist(著名地质学家)2. geologist's research(地质学家的研究)
“研究地球地质的人→地质学家”
The geologist spent years studying the rock layers in the mountain area.(这位地质学家花了数年时间研究山区的岩层。)
6
sample /ˈsɑːmp(ə)l/ n. 样本;样品;v. 抽样
sampling /ˈsɑːmplɪŋ/ n. 抽样;品尝
1. sample of sth(某物的样本,如soil sample)2. collect samples(采集样本)
“用于检测或研究的少量代表→样本”
Scientists collected water samples from the river to test for pollution.(科学家从河里采集水样,检测污染情况。)
7
evolve /iˈvɒlv/ v. 进化;逐渐发展
evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/ n. 进化;发展
1. evolve from(从……进化而来,如evolve from apes)2. evolve into(进化成……,如evolve into a new species)
“生物或事物逐渐变化→进化;发展”
It is believed that humans evolved from ancient apes over millions of years.(人们认为人类是数百万年来从古代类人猿进化而来的。)
8
finch /fɪntʃ/ n. 雀科鸣禽(如加拉帕戈斯雀)
无(高中阶段常见派生词)
1. Galapagos finch(加拉帕戈斯雀,生物进化研究典型)2. small finch(小型雀鸟)
“小型、会鸣叫的雀类→雀科鸣禽”
Darwin's study of Galapagos finches helped him develop the theory of evolution.(达尔文对加拉帕戈斯雀的研究帮助他提出了进化论。)
9
beak /biːk/ n. 鸟嘴,喙
无(高中阶段常见派生词)
1. bird's beak(鸟的喙)2. sharp beak(锋利的喙,如eagle's beak)
“鸟类取食的器官→鸟嘴,喙”
The parrot used its strong beak to crack open the nut.(鹦鹉用坚硬的喙啄开了坚果。)
10
suspect /səˈspekt/ v. 猜想,怀疑,觉得;/ˈsʌspekt/ n. 嫌疑人
suspicion /səˈspɪʃn/ n. 怀疑;疑心
1. suspect sb of doing sth(怀疑某人做某事,如suspect him of lying)2. I suspect that(我猜想……,如I suspect that he is ill)
“认为某事可能发生或某人有问题→怀疑,猜想”
The police suspect that the man stole the valuable painting from the museum.(警方怀疑这名男子从博物馆偷走了珍贵的画作。)
11
ancestor /ˈænsestə/ n.(动物的)原种,祖先;祖宗
ancestral /ænˈsestrəl/ adj. 祖先的;祖传的
1. human ancestor(人类祖先)2. animal ancestor(动物原种)
“生物的早期祖先或物种→原种,祖先”
Our ancient ancestors lived in caves and used stone tools for hunting.(我们的远古祖先住在洞穴里,用石器打猎。)
12
evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/ n. 进化(论);发展
evolutionary /ˌiːvəˈluːʃənri/ adj. 进化的;发展的
1. theory of evolution(进化论,Darwin's theory)2. evolution of species(物种进化)
“生物逐渐演变的过程→进化(论)”
Darwin's theory of evolution explains how species adapt to their environment over time.(达尔文的进化论解释了物种如何随时间适应环境。)
13
generate /ˈdʒenəreɪt/ v. 产生,创造;发电
generation /ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃn/ n. 一代;产生
1. generate electricity(发电,如wind generate electricity)2. generate ideas(产生想法)
“创造出能量、想法等→产生,创造”
This wind farm can generate enough electricity to power 10,000 homes.(这个风电场能发足够的电,供1万户家庭使用。)
14
characteristic /ˌkærəktəˈrɪstɪk/ n. 特征,特性;adj. 典型的
character /ˈkærəktə(r)/ n. 性格;角色
1. characteristic of sth(某物的特征,如characteristic of cats)2. main characteristic(主要特征)
“事物区别于其他的特点→特征,特性”
Agility and quick reflexes are important characteristics of cats.(敏捷和快速反应是猫的重要特征。)
15
decline /dɪˈklaɪn/ v. 减少;下降;拒绝;n. 下降
无(高中阶段常见派生词)
1. decline in number(数量减少,如decline in bird numbers)2. decline an invitation(拒绝邀请)
“数量变少或拒绝某事→减少;拒绝”
The number of this rare bird has declined sharply due to habitat loss.(由于栖息地丧失,这种珍稀鸟类的数量急剧减少。)
16
tortoise /ˈtɔːtəs/ n. 陆龟
无(高中阶段常见派生词)
1. giant tortoise(巨型陆龟,固定搭配)2. land tortoise(陆龟,区别于turtle海龟)
“生活在陆地的乌龟→陆龟”
The Galapagos giant tortoise is one of the longest-living animals on Earth.(加拉帕戈斯巨型陆龟是地球上寿命最长的动物之一。)
17
blame /bleɪm/ v. 责怪,指责;把……归咎于;n. 责备
blameful /ˈbleɪmfl/ adj. 该受责备的(少见)
1. blame sb for sth(因某事责怪某人,如blame him for the mistake)2. take the blame(承担责任)
“把错误归给某人→责怪,指责”
Don't blame him for the accident—he wasn't driving the car.(别因这起事故责怪他,当时不是他在开车。)
18
goat /ɡəʊt/ n. 山羊
goat milk /ˈɡəʊt mɪlk/ n. 山羊奶(复合词)
1. milk goat(奶山羊)2. raise goats(养山羊)
“常见家畜,产奶或肉→山羊”
Farmers in this area raise goats to get milk and wool.(这个地区的农民养山羊,获取羊奶和羊毛。)
19
be native to 源于……的,原产于……
无(短语)
be native to + 地点(原产于某地,如be native to China)
“生物或事物起源于某地→原产于……”
Pandas are native to China and can only be found in certain mountain areas.(熊猫原产于中国,仅在特定山区能见到。)
20
primitive /ˈprɪmətɪv/ adj. 原始的,低等的;简陋的
primitively /ˈprɪmətɪvli/ adv. 原始地;简陋地
1. primitive society(原始社会)2. primitive tools(原始工具,如stone tools)
“早期、简单的→原始的,简陋的”
Primitive humans used primitive tools made of stone and wood to survive.(原始人用石头和木头做的简陋工具生存。)
21
worldwide /ˌwɜːldˈwaɪd/ adv. 遍及全世界;adj. 全球的
无(高中阶段常见派生词)
1. worldwide famous(世界闻名,如worldwide famous singer)2. sell worldwide(全球销售)
“覆盖整个世界→遍及全世界”
This new smartphone model sells worldwide and is very popular among young people.(这款新智能手机全球销售,在年轻人中很受欢迎。)
22
giant /ˈdʒaɪənt/ adj. 巨大的,特大的;n. 巨人
无(高中阶段常见派生词)
1. giant tree(大树)2. giant company(大公司,如giant tech company)
“体积或规模很大的→巨大的”
A giant rock blocked the road, so we had to find another way.(一块巨石挡住了路,我们不得不另找路线。)
23
giant tortoise /ˈdʒaɪənt ˈtɔːtəs/ 巨型陆龟
无(短语)
Galapagos giant tortoise(加拉帕戈斯巨型陆龟,生物常识)
“体型巨大的陆龟→巨型陆龟”
Giant tortoises can live for more than 100 years if they are not harmed.(如果不受伤害,巨型陆龟能活100多年。)
24
mangrove /ˈmæŋɡrəʊv/ n. 红树(热带水生树木)
mangrove forest /ˈmæŋɡrəʊv ˈfɒrɪst/ n. 红树林(复合词)
1. mangrove forest(红树林)2. protect mangroves(保护红树)
“生长在热带水边的树木→红树”
Mangrove forests play an important role in protecting coastal areas from storms.(红树林在保护海岸免受风暴侵袭方面发挥重要作用。)
25
iguana /ɪˈɡwɑːnə/ n. 鬣蜥(大型热带美洲蜥蜴)
无(高中阶段常见派生词)
1. green iguana(绿鬣蜥,常见品种)2. feed an iguana(喂鬣蜥)
“大型、热带的蜥蜴→鬣蜥”
Green iguanas mainly feed on plants and live in tropical rainforests.(绿鬣蜥主要以植物为食,生活在热带雨林中。)
26
comb-like /ˈkəʊmlaɪk/ adj. 梳状的
无(高中阶段常见派生词)
comb-like structure(梳状结构,如comb-like leaves)
“形状像梳子的→梳状的”
The leaves of this plant have a special comb-like edge that helps it collect water.(这种植物的叶子有特殊的梳状边缘,帮助它收集水分。)
27
spine /spaɪn/ n.(动植物的)刺,刺毛;脊柱
spineless /ˈspaɪnləs/ adj. 无 spine 的;懦弱的(少见)
1. cactus spine(仙人掌刺)2. human spine(人的脊柱)
“动植物的尖刺或人的脊柱→刺;脊柱”
Be careful not to touch the cactus's spines—they can hurt your fingers.(小心别碰仙人掌的刺,会扎伤手指。)
28
myth /mɪθ/ n.(古代的)神话;虚构的故事
mythical /ˈmɪθɪkl/ adj. 神话的;虚构的
1. Greek myth(希腊神话)2. ancient myth(古代神话)
“古代人编造的神或英雄故事→神话”
Many children love listening to stories from Greek myths, like the story of Zeus.(很多孩子喜欢听希腊神话故事,比如宙斯的故事。)
29
legend /ˈledʒənd/ n. 传说,传奇(故事);传奇人物
legendary /ˈledʒəndri/ adj. 传奇的;著名的
1. folk legend(民间传说)2. legendary hero(传奇英雄)
“流传已久的传奇故事或人物→传说,传奇”
There is a legend that a treasure is hidden in this old castle.(有个传说,这座古堡里藏着宝藏。)
30
detect /dɪˈtekt/ v. 发现,察觉(尤指不易觉察到的事物)
1. detection /dɪˈtekʃn/ n. 发现;检测2. detective /dɪˈtektɪv/ n. 侦探
1. detect a problem(发现问题,如detect a fault in the machine)2. detect a smell(察觉气味)
“发现难以注意到的事物→察觉,发现”
The advanced machine can detect even the smallest fault in the engine.(这台先进的机器能检测出发动机中哪怕最小的故障。)
31
wasp /wɒsp/ n. 黄蜂,胡蜂
无(高中阶段常见派生词)
1. a nest of wasps(黄蜂巢)2. wasp sting(黄蜂蜇伤)
“带刺、会蜇人的昆虫→黄蜂”
We had to call a professional to remove the wasp nest from our roof.(我们不得不请专业人士把屋顶上的黄蜂巢移走。)
32
pesticide /ˈpestɪsaɪd/ n. 杀虫剂,农药
无(高中阶段常见派生词)
1. organic pesticide(有机杀虫剂)2. use pesticide(使用农药)
“杀死害虫的化学药剂→杀虫剂,农药”
Farmers should use pesticide carefully to avoid polluting the environment.(农民应谨慎使用农药,避免污染环境。)
33
root /ruːt/ n. 根;根源;v. 生根
rooted /ˈruːtɪd/ adj. 生根的;根深蒂固的
1. tree root(树根)2. root of a problem(问题的根源)
“植物吸收水分的部分或问题的源头→根;根源”
The tree's long roots help it stay firm in the ground during strong winds.(树的长根帮助它在大风中稳固地扎根在土里。)
34
chilli /ˈtʃɪli/ n. 辣椒;辣椒粉
chilli sauce /ˈtʃɪli sɔːs/ n. 辣椒酱(复合词)
1. hot chilli(辣椒)2. add chilli(加辣椒)
“辛辣的蔬菜或调料→辣椒”
He likes to add some chilli to his noodles to make them more flavorful.(他喜欢在面条里加些辣椒,让味道更浓郁。)
35
link /lɪŋk/ v. 把……联系起来;连接;n. 联系;链接
linkage /ˈlɪŋkɪdʒ/ n. 联系;连接(少见)
1. link A with B(把A和B联系起来,如link smoking with cancer)2. a link between(……之间的联系)
“建立事物间的关联→联系,连接”
Recent studies have linked regular exercise with better mental health.(最近的研究将规律运动与更好的心理健康联系起来。)
36
fungus /ˈfʌŋɡəs/ n. 真菌(复数 fungi /ˈfʌndʒaɪ/)
fungal /ˈfʌŋɡ(ə)l/ adj. 真菌的(后续词汇)
1. edible fungus(食用菌,如mushroom)2. harmful fungus(有害真菌)
“微生物,如蘑菇、霉菌→真菌”
Mushrooms are a type of edible fungus that many people enjoy eating.(蘑菇是一种食用菌,很多人喜欢吃。)
37
fungal /ˈfʌŋɡ(ə)l/ adj. 真菌的;由真菌引起的
fungus /ˈfʌŋɡəs/ n. 真菌(前文词汇)
1. fungal infection(真菌感染,如athletes' foot)2. fungal disease(真菌病害)
“与真菌相关的→真菌的”
Athlete's foot is a common fungal infection that affects the skin between the toes.(脚气是常见的真菌感染,影响脚趾间的皮肤。)
38
cybercrime /ˈsaɪbəkraɪm/ n. 网络犯罪
无(高中阶段常见派生词)
1. prevent cybercrime(预防网络犯罪)2. fight against cybercrime(打击网络犯罪)
“在网络上进行的犯罪→网络犯罪”
The police have set up a special team to fight against cybercrime, such as online fraud.(警方成立了专门团队打击网络犯罪,如网络诈骗。)
39
centimetre /ˈsentɪmiːtə/ n. 厘米(缩写 cm)
无(单位名词无派生词)
1. a few centimetres(几厘米,如3 centimetres)2. in centimetres(以厘米为单位)
“长度单位,1米=100厘米→厘米”
This pencil is about 15 centimetres long, which is easy for children to hold.(这支铅笔约15厘米长,孩子拿起来很方便。)
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