Unit 5 Revealing nature 派生法背记单词清单 -2025-2026学年高二英语外研版选择性必修第一册
2025-09-19
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摘要:
该高中英语Unit 5“Revealing Nature”派生法词汇清单系统梳理了26个核心单词及其派生词,涵盖名词、动词、形容词、副词等词性转换规律,构建了从“原词认知”到“语境应用”再到“知识迁移”的三层学习支架,助力学生夯实语言基础,提升词汇运用能力。
清单通过分类归纳、难度分级和语境关联等方式呈现完整词汇体系,如将“evolve → evolution → evolutionary”设为高频考点并标注记忆技巧,帮助学生建立词族意识,强化语言能力与思维品质。特别设计“易混词对比表”(如seed/seedless, blame/blameless)和“实用例句卡片”,引导学生在真实语境中理解词义差异,培养文化意识中的批判性思维。教师可据此开展分层教学,学生则能自主构建词汇网络,实现高效复习与深度学习的双重目标。
内容正文:
UNIT 5 Revealing nature.派生法背记单词
序号
原词
例句
派生词
例句
1
seed /siːd/ n. 种子,籽
Farmers plant seeds in spring to grow crops.(农民春天播种,以便种植庄稼。)
1. seed /siːd/ vt. 播种2. seedless /ˈsiːdləs/ adj. 无籽的
1. They seed the field with wheat every autumn.(他们每年秋天给田地种小麦。)2. I prefer seedless grapes because they are easy to eat.(我喜欢无籽葡萄,因为吃起来方便。)
2
distant /ˈdɪstənt/ adj. 遥远的
My grandparents live in a distant village.(我的祖父母住在一个遥远的村庄。)
1. distance /ˈdɪstəns/ n. 距离2. distantly /ˈdɪstəntli/ adv. 遥远地
1. The distance between my home and school is 5 kilometers.(我家到学校的距离是5公里。)2. She looked at him distantly, as if they were strangers.(她远远地看着他,好像他们是陌生人一样。)
3
disgrace /dɪsˈɡreɪs/ n. 丢脸,耻辱
His dishonest behavior brought disgrace to his family.(他的不诚实行为让家人蒙羞。)
1. disgrace /dɪsˈɡreɪs/ vt. 使丢脸2. disgraceful /dɪsˈɡreɪsfl/ adj. 丢脸的,不光彩的
1. He disgraced himself by cheating in the exam.(他考试作弊,让自己丢脸。)2. Lying to your parents is a disgraceful act.(对父母撒谎是不光彩的行为。)
4
geologist /dʒiˈɒlədʒɪst/ n. 地质学家
The geologist went to the mountain to study rocks.(地质学家去山里研究岩石。)
1. geology /dʒiˈɒlədʒi/ n. 地质学2. geological /ˌdʒiəˈlɒdʒɪkl/ adj. 地质的
1. She plans to study geology at university.(她计划在大学学习地质学。)2. The geological changes over millions of years formed this canyon.(数百万年的地质变化形成了这个峡谷。)
5
sample /ˈsɑːmpl/ n. 样本
The scientist took a sample of water from the river to test.(科学家从河里取了一份水样进行检测。)
sample /ˈsɑːmpl/ vt. 抽样检查;品尝
1. The cook asked us to sample the new dish he made.(厨师让我们品尝他做的新菜。)2. Workers sample water quality in this lake every month.(工作人员每月对这个湖的水质进行抽样检测。)
6
evolve /ɪˈvɒlv/ v. 进化
Some species evolve to adapt to the changing environment.(一些物种进化以适应变化的环境。)
1. evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃn/ n. 进化2. evolutionary /ˌiːvəˈluːʃənri/ adj. 进化的
1. Darwin proposed the theory of evolution.(达尔文提出了进化论。)2. This book talks about the evolutionary process of humans.(这本书讲述了人类的进化过程。)
7
suspect /səˈspekt/ v. 猜想,怀疑,觉得
I suspect he didn’t tell us the whole truth.(我怀疑他没告诉我们全部真相。)
1. suspicion /səˈspɪʃn/ n. 怀疑,疑心2. suspicious /səˈspɪʃəs/ adj. 可疑的;怀疑的
1. She had a suspicion that her friend was lying.(她怀疑她的朋友在撒谎。)2. The police found some suspicious activity near the bank.(警方在银行附近发现了一些可疑行为。)
8
ancestor /ˈænsestə(r)/ n.(动物的)原种;祖先
We can learn about our ancestors from history books.(我们可以从历史书中了解我们的祖先。)
1. ancestry /ˈænsestri/ n. 祖先,世系2. ancestral /ænˈsestrəl/ adj. 祖先的,祖传的
1. He spent years tracing his ancestry back to the 18th century.(他花了几年时间追溯自己的世系到18世纪。)2. This old house is our ancestral home.(这座老房子是我们的祖宅。)
9
evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃn/ n. 进化(论)
The theory of evolution explains how species change over time.(进化论解释了物种如何随时间变化。)
1. evolve /ɪˈvɒlv/ v. 进化2. evolutionary /ˌiːvəˈluːʃnri/ adj. 进化的
1. Species evolve slowly over thousands of years.(物种在数千年间缓慢进化。)2. Evolutionary biology is a popular subject in university.(进化生物学是大学里一门热门学科。)
10
generate /ˈdʒenəreɪt/ v. 产生,创造
This power station can generate electricity for 100,000 people.(这座发电站能为10万人供电。)
generation /ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃn/ n. 产生;一代
1. The generation of wind energy is good for the environment.(风能的产生对环境有益。)2. The younger generation likes to use social media.(年轻一代喜欢使用社交媒体。)
11
characteristic /ˌkærəktəˈrɪstɪk/ n. 特征,特性
One characteristic of cats is that they like to sleep in the daytime.(猫的一个特征是喜欢在白天睡觉。)
characteristic /ˌkærəktəˈrɪstɪk/ adj. 特有的,典型的
1. Bright colors are characteristic of this artist’s paintings.(鲜艳的色彩是这位艺术家画作的典型特征。)2. This plant has characteristic leaves that are easy to recognize.(这种植物有易于识别的典型叶子。)
12
decline /dɪˈklaɪn/ v. 减少
The number of birds in this area has declined in recent years.(近年来这个地区的鸟类数量减少了。)
1. decline /dɪˈklaɪn/ n. 减少,衰退2. declining /dɪˈklaɪnɪŋ/ adj. 下降的,衰退的
1. There has been a decline in sales since last month.(自上个月以来,销售额有所下降。)2. The company is trying to solve the problem of declining profits.(公司正努力解决利润下滑的问题。)
13
blame /bleɪm/ v. 责怪,指责;把……归咎于
Don’t blame him for the mistake—he didn’t do it on purpose.(不要因为这个错误责怪他,他不是故意的。)
1. blame /bleɪm/ n. 责备2. blameless /ˈbleɪmləs/ adj. 无过错的,无可指责的
1. He took the blame for the team’s failure.(他为团队的失败承担了责任。)2. The little boy is blameless—he didn’t know it was a mistake.(这个小男孩是无辜的,他不知道那是个错误。)
14
primitive /ˈprɪmətɪv/ adj. 原始的,低等的
Early humans used primitive tools made of stone.(早期人类使用石头制成的原始工具。)
1. primitiveness /ˈprɪmətɪvnəs/ n. 原始,粗野2. primitively /ˈprɪmətɪvli/ adv. 原始地,最初地
1. The primitiveness of early tools shows how hard life was then.(早期工具的原始性表明当时的生活有多艰难。)2. People lived primitively in caves before they built houses.(在建造房屋之前,人们最初在洞穴里过着原始生活。)
15
worldwide /ˌwɜːldˈwaɪd/ adv. 遍及全世界
This brand of phones is sold worldwide.(这个品牌的手机在全世界销售。)
worldwide /ˌwɜːldˈwaɪd/ adj. 全世界的
1. The singer has achieved worldwide fame with her songs.(这位歌手凭借歌曲获得了举世闻名的声誉。)2. Climate change is a worldwide problem that needs everyone’s effort.(气候变化是一个需要所有人努力应对的全球性问题。)
16
giant /ˈdʒaɪənt/ adj. 巨大的,特大的
There is a giant tree in the center of our schoolyard.(我们校园中央有一棵大树。)
giant /ˈdʒaɪənt/ n. 巨人;巨兽;伟人
1. Einstein was a giant in the field of science.(爱因斯坦是科学界的伟人。)2. The Galápagos Islands are famous for their giant tortoises.(加拉帕戈斯群岛以其巨型陆龟而闻名。)
17
spine /spaɪn/ n.(动植物的)刺,刺毛
The cactus has sharp spines to protect itself.(仙人掌有锋利的刺来保护自己。)
spiny /ˈspaɪni/ adj. 多刺的,有刺的
1. Be careful with that spiny plant—it may hurt your hands.(小心那棵多刺的植物,它可能会扎到你的手。)2. Spiny fish are hard for predators to catch.(多刺的鱼让捕食者很难捕捉。)
18
myth /mɪθ/ n.(古代的)神话
Greek myth tells many stories about gods and heroes.(希腊神话讲述了许多关于神和英雄的故事。)
1. mythology /mɪˈθɒlədʒi/ n. 神话学;神话集2. mythical /ˈmɪθɪkl/ adj. 神话的;虚构的
1. She is interested in studying Norse mythology.(她对研究北欧神话学感兴趣。)2. Dragons are mythical creatures that appear in many stories.(龙是出现在许多故事中的神话生物。)
19
legend /ˈledʒənd/ n. 传说,传奇(故事)
There is a legend about a brave hero who saved the village.(有一个关于勇敢英雄拯救村庄的传说。)
legendary /ˈledʒəndri/ adj. 传奇的,传说的
1. The footballer is famous for his legendary skills.(这位足球运动员以其传奇的球技而闻名。)2. This mountain is known for its legendary treasure.(这座山因其传说中的宝藏而闻名。)
20
detect /dɪˈtekt/ v. 发现,察觉(尤指不易觉察的事物)
The machine can detect small amounts of harmful gases in the air.(这台机器能检测出空气中微量的有害气体。)
1. detection /dɪˈtekʃn/ n. 探测,察觉2. detective /dɪˈtektɪv/ n. 侦探
1. The early detection of the disease can save lives.(疾病的早期发现能挽救生命。)2. My uncle works as a private detective in this city.(我叔叔在这座城市做私家侦探。)
21
pesticide /ˈpestɪsaɪd/ n. 杀虫剂,农药
Farmers use pesticides to protect crops from insects.(农民使用杀虫剂保护庄稼免受虫害。)
pest /pest/ n. 害虫;讨厌的人/物
1. Locusts are a kind of pest that destroys crops.(蝗虫是一种破坏庄稼的害虫。)2. We need to find a way to get rid of pests in the kitchen.(我们需要找到办法清除厨房的害虫。)
22
root /ruːt/ n. 根
The tree’s roots go deep into the soil to get water.(树的根深入土壤中获取水分。)
1. root /ruːt/ vi. 生根;扎根2. rooted /ˈruːtɪd/ adj. 根深蒂固的;生根的
1. These plants root easily in wet soil.(这些植物在湿润的土壤中很容易生根。)2. Honesty is a rooted value in our family.(诚实是我们家根深蒂固的价值观。)
23
link /lɪŋk/ v. 把……联系起来;连接
Scientists have linked smoking to lung cancer.(科学家已将吸烟与肺癌联系起来。)
1. link /lɪŋk/ n. 联系;链接2. linked /lɪŋkt/ adj. 连接的;有关联的
1. There is a close link between diet and health.(饮食和健康之间有密切的联系。)2. This problem is linked to the one we discussed yesterday.(这个问题与我们昨天讨论的问题有关联。)
24
fungus /ˈfʌŋɡəs/ n. 真菌(复数 fungi /ˈfʌndʒaɪ/)
Some types of fungus are used to make bread.(有些真菌被用来制作面包。)
fungal /ˈfʌŋɡl/ adj. 真菌的
1. The doctor said he had a fungal infection on his foot.(医生说他的脚有真菌感染。)2. Fungal growth is common in warm and wet places.(真菌在温暖潮湿的地方容易生长。)
25
fungal /ˈfʌŋɡl/ adj. 真菌的
Fungal diseases can spread quickly among plants.(真菌疾病在植物间传播很快。)
fungus /ˈfʌŋɡəs/ n. 真菌(复数 fungi)
1. We need to kill the harmful fungi in the garden.(我们需要杀死花园里的有害真菌。)2. This medicine is effective against most types of fungus.(这种药物对大多数真菌有效。)
26
cybercrime /ˈsaɪbə kraɪm/ n. 网络犯罪
The police have set up a team to fight cybercrime.(警方已成立一个小组打击网络犯罪。)
1. cyber /ˈsaɪbə/ n. 网络(前缀性名词)2. cybercriminal /ˈsaɪbə krɪmɪnl/ n. 网络罪犯
1. We should learn how to protect our personal information in cyber space.(我们应该学习如何在网络空间保护个人信息。)2. The police arrested a cybercriminal who stole people’s bank details.(警方逮捕了一名窃取他人银行信息的网络罪犯。)
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