专题04 定语从句（期中复习讲义）高一英语上学期上海通用

专题04 定语从句（期中复习讲义） 考点要求 考察形式 近年考题 （1）考查关系代词用法； （2）考查关系副词用法； （3）考查非限制定语从句用法 （4）考查“介词+关系代词”用法 （5）在具体语境中尤其句子翻译对定语从句的理解和运用。 语法填空题 句子翻译题 【2023上海春考】Young Enterprise primarily meets the needs of young people ( 23 )__________ are still at school, giving them an understanding of industry and the opportunities it may offer them in the future. 【答案】who/that 【解析】考查定语从句。这里使用关系代词作为介绍young people的定语从句，修饰"young people"，指代"young people"，做主语，指人，可以使用"who/that"。 【2022年秋考】This technique may involve conducting a physical survey or reading industry specific materials Conversations with consumers also facilitate the identification of their frustrations and negative experiences, (27) ________they may use to enhance a firm. 【答案】27 which 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。此处考查的是定语从句，their frustrations and negative experiences 在后面的从句中作宾语，属于事物，故填入which。句意:与消费者的对话也有助于识别他们的沮丧和负面体验，他们可能会利用这些来增强公司。 【2022年春考】The light is called the aurora. Usually you can see it only at the very north of the earth,(23)_______it is called aurora borealis or Northerm Lights, or at the very south, where it is the aurora australis or Southern Lights. 【答案】23.where [解析]考查定语从句。根据后面的“or at the very south,where it is the aurora australis or Southern Lights.”可知此处同样是一个定语从句，也是用关系副词where 作后面从句的地点状语。故填入 where。句意:通常，你只能在地球的最北边看到它，在那里它被称为北极光，或者在地球的最南边，它被称为南极光。 考情分析： 考查形式：主要在语法填空中与句子翻译中考查，要求考生根据句子结构和语境，填入适当的关系词或句子翻译。 考点分布：近年来，上海高考英语对定语从句的考查涵盖了关系代词和关系副词的各种用法。如 2023 年上海秋考考查了 as 引导的非限制性定语从句和 where 引导的非限制性定语从句；2023 年上海春考考查了 who/that 引导的限制性定语从句；2022 年上海秋考考查了 which 引导的非限制性定语从句；2022 年上海春考考查了 where 引导的定语从句。 复习目标： 1.语法知识系统化：全面、系统地掌握定语从句的基本概念、关系词的用法、定语从句的类型等知识，形成完整的知识体系，能够准确判断和分析各种定语从句。 2.解题能力提升：通过专项练习和真题训练，提高在语法填空等题型中准确运用定语从句知识解题的能力，能够快速、准确地根据先行词和从句的成分选择合适的关系词。 关系代词用法 知识点01 定语从句的有关概念 1． 什么叫定语从句？先行词、关系词？ 1.定语从句：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的句子。 2.特点：定语从句相当于形容词的作用，对前面的名词或代词进行修饰和限定。 3.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词，称为先行词。可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。 4.关系词：引导定语从句的词称为关系词。关系词分为两类，即关系代词和关系副词。 5.关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose, as等； 6.关系副词有：when, where, why等 例1：This is the present which/that he gave me for my birthday. 例2：Do you know the man at the corner that/who came to the party last night? 例3：I still remember the night when I first came to the village? 例4：This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived. ▇ 提示： 关系词在定语从句中有三大作用 1.连接作用---连接先行词和定语从句。 2.替代作用---在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。 3.成分作用---在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。 指人 指物 that which whose who whom 二. 关系代词的功用？ ▇ 关系代词做主语，宾语，定语；关系副词作状语。 1. 作主语： The person who/that broke the window must pay for it. The cars which/that are produced in Hubei Province sell very well. 2. 作宾语： She is the person whom/that I met at the school gate yesterday. The book which/that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”. 3. 作定语 关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如： The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard. The house whose windows are broken is empty. 4. 作状语 I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing. He wanted to know the reason why I was late .　　 This is the house where I was born. He’s got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane. 知识点02 关系代词用法 ▇ 关系代词引导的定语从句 1.who 指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。 That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。 2.whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略，在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替。 Li Ming is just the boy (whom) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。 3.which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。 This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。 4.that 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。 He is the man that/who lives next door. 他就是住在隔壁的那个人。 Where is the man (that/whom) I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？ I don’t like stories that/which have unhappy endings. 我不喜欢结尾悲伤的故事。 The dress (that/which) Ann bought doesn’t fit her very well. 安买的衣服不太合身。 5.whose 指人、物皆可，与后面的名词有所属关系，在定语从句中做定语。 He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。 I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。 注意：指物时，常用以下结构来代替： The house whose windows are broken is empty. =The house the windows of which are broken is empty. =The house of which the windows are broken is empty. 注意：whose+n.=the+n.+of which=of which+the+n. 6.as 当先行词受so, such, the same 修饰时使用。 如： I’ve never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过像他讲的这样的故事。 He is not such a fool as he looks. 他可不像他看上去的那样傻。 This is the same dictionary as I lost last week. 这部词典跟我上星期丢失的一样。 注意：当先行词受the same 修饰时，偶尔也用 that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。 如： She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding. 她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。 She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore. 她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的连衣裙。 因此，the same...as... 指同一类或相似的事物 the same...that... 指同一个事物 知识点03 定语从句中只能用that 引导的情况 1.当先行词为all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, few, the one等词时。 Everything that he said was true. 2.当先行词被the very（恰恰，正好）, the only，any，few，little，no，all修饰时。 This is the very grammar book (that) I want to buy. The only thing that is constant is change. There was little that we could do to help her. 3.当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the best that has been used against pollution. This is the most interesting film that I've ever seen. 4.当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。 The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. What is the first American film that you have seen? 5.当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。（避免引导词的重复出现） Who that has common sense will believe such nonsense? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 6.当先行词既有人又有物时。 Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? 7.先行词在定语从句中做表语，而关系代词在从句中也做表语时。 She is no longer the sweet girl (that) she used to be. He is not the man (that) he seems. 知识点04 XXXXX 定语从句中只能用which引导的情况 1.当关系代词的前面有介词时 A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition. Is this the room in which Mr. White lives? 2.在非限制性定语从句中 Crusoe’s dog, which was are now very old, became ill and died . More and more people are beginning to learn English, which is becoming very popular in our country. 3.在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that, 另一个宜用which.（了解即可） Let me show you the novel, which I borrowed from the library that was newly open to us. 4.当关系代词后面带有插入语时 Here’s the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English. 5.先行词本身是that, 宜用which What’s that which she is looking at? 知识点05 定语从句中只能用who引导的情况 在定语从句中who和that指代人时常可以通用，但在下列情况中只能用who，而不能用that。 1.先行词是one, ones和anyone时，宜用who。 One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth. The ones who flatter me don’t please me. Anyone who fails to finish the task given should be criticized. 2.先行词是those时，宜用who。 No words are strong enough to express our thanks to those who worked hard to rescue survivors in the earthquake. 3.当先行词有较长的后置定语时，宜用who。 I met a girl in the street yesterday who grew up in western Yunnan province. 4.一个句子带有两个定语从句时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that, 另一个宜用who。 The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard. 5.在there be 开头的句子中，宜用who（指人）。指物时，也可以用that。 There is a young man who wants to see your father. There are many old men who are against this plan. There is a rule that should be obeyed. 【即时检测】 1．The Internet has now become the first place the majority of people turn to for information. (用适当的词填空) 2．He used the donated fund and his own money to pay the 50 pounds per child the British government required. (用适当的词填空) 3．Mr. Stone is a great educator never stops inspiring his students and his fellow workers to be better individuals. (用适当的词填空) 4．Table read is not the only effective practice helps students improve their speaking. (用适当的词填空) 5．Lily told me everything she knew. (用适当的词填空) 6．The building we are looking at used to be a hospital. (用适当的词填空) 7．Wolves are highly social animals success depends upon cooperation. (用适当的词填空) 8．This is the reason he gave me for his being late. (用适当的词填空) 9．I will never forget the days I spent travelling with my grandparents. (用适当的词填空) 10．The nurse we talked about can speak English fluently. (用适当的词填空) 11．Someone is capable has the skill or qualities necessary to do a particular thing well. (用适当的词填空) 12．The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. (用适当的词填空) 13．I admired Mr. Smith from class I graduated. (用适当的词填空) 14．Happiness and success often come to those are good at recognizing their own strengths. (用适当的词填空) 15．The students are chatting about the books and writers will add to their favorites. (用适当的词填空) 解｜题｜技｜巧 1.定语从句是形容词性的，它用来修饰名词或代词； 2.掌握定语从句的分类（限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句）和引导词的特点（关系代词作成分、关系副词只能充当状语）及引导词的使用限定； 3.在选择引导词时，遵循三字原则（断：断句，划分好主句和从句；找：找准先行词；放：将引导词放入从句中，同时要看好从句是否缺少成分，再选择引导词的类别 关系副词用法 知识点01 关系副词引导的定语从句 1.when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 I still remember the day when I first came to this school. 我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。 October 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded. 1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。 2.where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 注意先行词还可以是抽象的地点名词，如：case, point, situation, circumstance, activity… Shanghai is the city where I was born. 上海是我出生的城市。 I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised. 我参观了那个饲养了许多奶牛的农场。 He’s got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane. 3.why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 请告诉我你误机的原因。 The reason why he was punished is unknown to us. 他受惩罚的原因我们都不知道。 注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。如： I’ll never forget the day when/on which I first met you. 我永远不会忘记第一次见你的那天。 Great changes are taking place in the city where/in which they live. 他们生活的城市正发生巨大的变化。 The reason why/for which he refused the invitation is quite clear. 他为什么拒绝接受邀请的原因是十分明了的。 知识点02 关系代词和关系副词之比较择 （看从句是否缺少成分，缺什么补什么） 用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用（即所担当的成分）。试比较： A.I know a place where（作状语） we can have a picnic. I know a place which/that（作主语） is famous for its beautiful natural scenery. B.I will never forget the days when（作状语） we spent our holidays together. I will never forget the days that/which（作宾语） we spent together. C.This is the reason why（作状语） he was dismissed（解雇）. This is the reason that/which（作宾语） he explained to me for his not attending the meeting. 因此，在定语从句中，如果从句缺少成分，我们要选择关系代词，否则就选关系副词。选关系副词时，还要注意指代的对象，是时间（when）、地点（where）、还是原因（why）。 知识点03 “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 1. “介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom，且不能省略。 Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends. 一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。 Wu Dong, with whom I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much. 　和我一起去听音乐会的吴东，非常喜欢这次音乐会。 注：在这种结构中，介词与先行词组成短语，在从句中充当句子成分，因此介词的选用时受到一定限制的，仍然根据先行词与介词的搭配关系而定。 2．“不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋of which/whom”引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体关系。如：some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词或分数，百分比加上of which或of whom来修饰或限定先行词。 He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of which has been proved. 科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。 Many young people，most of whom were well­educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。 3．在定语从句中，whose修饰物时可以换为“the＋名词＋of which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋of whom”。 The newly­built café, whose walls (＝the walls of which) are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work. 这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。 I live next door to a couple whose children (＝the children of whom) often make a lot of noise. 我住在一对夫妻的隔壁，他们的孩子经常制造噪音。 【即时检测】 1．TikTok, known as Douyin in China, is a social media platform short videos can be edited and uploaded easily. 2．Occasions are quite rare I have the time to have a formal dinner with my kids. (用适当的词填空) 3．The teacher didn’t know the reason she was late for school. (用适当的词填空) 4．The talented composer and singer showed us around his studio he composed the song Forever Young. 5．They have developed their friendship to a stage they share happiness and sufferings. 6．It’s helpful to put ourselves in a situation we can see ourselves more clearly. (用适当的词填空) 7．You are expected to find some group activities you can be with people who share your interests. 8．The nuclear waste discharge is now the major reason environmentalists feel worried about the future of marine creatures. (用适当的词填空) 9．It was 10o’clock__________ / ________ they went out of the cinema.(用适当的词填空) 10．The summer__________ / ________ I graduated from university was long and hot. 11．They consider summer vacations as a time__________ / relaxing and having fun is a necessary part. 12．The tower___________ / people can have a good view is on the hill. 13．The reason___________ / he gave up his well-paid job isn't known to us. 14．The teacher you talked yesterday is our maths teacher. (用适当的词填空) 15．She studied Chinese medicine for two and a half years with experts in the field she gained a deep knowledge. （用适当的词填空） 易｜错｜点｜拨 1.含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。 This is the watch (which/that) I am looking for. (正) This is the watch for which I am looking. (误) 2.介词后的关系代词不可用that和who，若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，指物时只可用which；关系代词是所有格时用whose。 The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. (正) The man with that/who you talked just now is my neighbour. (误) 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station ______ you can hire to reach your host family. A．which B．where C．when D．as 2．The ravages of war and neglect have left behind nothing but hollow remnants (残迹) in places _____ would have once been busy centers of culture and commerce. A．in which B．what C．where D．which 3．The young scientist has made such great achievements in his chosen field ________ nobody else can make. A．that B．as C．which D．where 4．She liked Gaithersburg, the very town ________ long ago got rid of its Confederate past and is now home to a diverse population. A．as B．which C．where D．that 5．The way ______ Mexicans tell time actually has actually allowed me to live far more in the right now than I ever did before. Which one of the following choices is wrong! A．that B．in which C．which D．/ 6．A cultural object usually refers to an item ______ is loosely related to a particular culture. A．which B．/ C．one D．whose 7．The last thing I wanted to do was sitting down for an hour with people I barely knew. A．which B．that C．as D．whom 8．Maradona, Argentina’s favorite son ________ life was spoiled by struggles with addiction, died at the age of 60, following a heart attack at home. A．who B．whom C．whose D．that 9．Always go with the choice that scares you the most, because that's ____________ that is going to require the most from you. A．why B．such C．the one D．all 10．The highest education is that ____________ does not merely give us information but makes our life in harmony with all existence. A．one B．\ C．who D．which 11．The files on the server are broken into tiny packets of information, which may travel together or take completely different routes back to your device, ______ they are reassembled. A．why B．which C．where D．how 12．Is it in the factory ______ your father works ______ we’ll work for two weeks? A．where… where B．where… that C．that… where D．that… that 13．In today’s society ______ temptations and distractions are found everywhere, self-discipline is one of the most important qualities, if not the most important. A．where B．which C．that D．whose 14．Mozart’s birthplace and the house ________ he composed ‘The Magic Flute’ are both museums now. A．where B．when C．there D．which 15．The city held a grand parade on the occasion ________ its annual cultural festival was celebrated. A．which B．that C．when D．what 16．Florence is probably a place where history comes alive, bringing you back to a time ______ art, culture and science were being reborn. A．that B．which C．when D．in that 17．A cultural celebration usually refers to an event ______ the traditions of a particular people or place are celebrated. A．that B．whose C．which D．where 18．Yesterday we went to visit the house the great artist used to live. A．that B．which C．where D．when 19．This is the book I learned a lot of useful knowledge about environmental protection. A．of which B．from which C．that D．when 20．William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes ________ we can learn without repeating them. A．from which B．of whom C．about which D．by whom 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单句语法填空 1．Can you still remember the time we spent together in our childhood? (用适当的关系词填空) 2．…and the custom of three meals a day became national continued to today. (用适当的关系词填空) 3．This causes problems for the part of the brain controls our feelings. (用适当的关系词填空) 4．Then he came up with a seemingly simple plan worked better than he had expected. (用适当的关系词填空) 5．The way came up at the meeting was unpractical. (用适当的词填空) 6．It is the most ridiculous reason he has ever offered for his being late for school. (用适当的词填空) 7．The number of people come to visit this city each year reaches one million. (用适当的词填空) 8．Those are against the plan put up your hands please. (用适当的词填空) 9．Teachers should try to create an atmosphere students can enjoy learning. (用适当的词填空) 10．There are hundreds of scenes in English novels characters wollk through the bush of fallen leaves. (用适当的词填空) 11．She eventually reached a point she had to make a choice between her career and her family.(用适当的词填空) 12．It’s helpful to put children in an occasion they can see themselves differently. (用适当的词填空) 13．There comes a time in every boy’s life he must take on responsibilities. (用适当的词填空) 14．It was a time many young people went to the countryside to get some training. (用适当的词填空) 15．There are cases children develop the disease at an early age.​ (用适当的词填空) 二、句子翻译题 1．This is the film I’ve seen since I came to Huazhou. 这是我来化州后看的第一部电影。 2．这就是那位全国知名的科学家。 This is the scientist _____________________________all over the country. (whose) 3．比尔说他在中国参观的第一个地方是故宫博物院。 Bill said that _____________________________ was the Palace Museum. 4．我永远不会忘记发生在我的童年里的那个意外事件，它给我留下了很深的印象。（that引导定语从句） Never will I forget the accident _____________________________, which left a deep impression on me. 5．我们学校有丰富多彩的旨在扩大我们视野的课外活动。 There are colorful after­class activities in our school________________________________________． 7．只要你坚持下去，你梦想成真的那一刻一定会到来。 So long as you stick to it, the moment _____________________________ will definitely come. 8．她将自己置于危险的境地，而且很有可能丢掉性命。 She's got herself into a dangerous situation . 9．他是你能求助的人。 He is the man you can turn for help. 10．我绝不会忘记与她第一次相见的那一天。 I’ll never forget the day I first met her. 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 1．1) ________ has been announced, we shall have our final exams next month. 2) ______ has been announced is that we shall have our final exams next month. 3) _______ has been announced that we shall have our final exams next month. A. That B. As C. It D. What 2． 1) Is this the factory ____ her mother worked last year? 2) Is this factory _____ her mother visited last year? 3) This is the best factory _______ my mother has ever visited. A. the one B. which C. that D. where 3． 1) Is that Mr. Green, _____ I think has something interesting to tell you? 2) Is that Mr. Green, _____ I think to be a doctor? A. that B. who C. whom D. Both B and C 4． 1) The second reason ________ he gave the teacher for his being late for school sounded reasonable. 2) The reason _____he was late for school sounded reasonable. 3) The reason for _____ he was late for school sounded reasonable. A. why B. when C. which D. that 5． 1) The boy, _____ brother was a PLA man, was very brave. 2) The brother, ____ the brave boy was proud, was a PLA man. A. who B. of whom C. whose D. whom 6． 1) Is your brother the only one in your hometown ____ is an electrical engineer? 2) Is your brother an electrical engineer in your hometown, ____ you haven’t been to for ten years? A. which B. where C. who D. whose 7． 1）_______ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress. 2）________ is reported in the newspapers that talks between the two countries are making progress. 3) Talks between the two countries are making progress, _____ is reported in the newspapers. A. It (it) B. As (as) C. Which (which) D. Both B and C 8． 1) George Orwell, _____ real name was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays. 2) George Orwell, the real name of _____ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays. 3) George Orwell wrote many political novels and essays. _____ real name was Eric Arthur. A. his(His) B. he (He) C. whose (Whose) D. whom (Whom) 9． 1) After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _____ he grew up as a child. 2) After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town in _____ he grew up as a child. A. which B. where C. that D. when 1. 1) He paid the boy $ 10 for washing ten windows, most of ____ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year. 2) He paid the boy $ 10 for washing ten windows. Most of ______ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year. A. this B. those C. that D. which 11.1) They will never forget the day ______ they joined the Party. 2) They will never forget the day ______ they spent together. A. that B. where C. who D. when 12.1) Do you still remember the date ____ you first came to Beijing University? 2) Do you still remember the year ____ you first came to Beijing University? A. that B. in which C. which D. on which 链接高考（测试时间：15分钟） 2022年秋考 This technique may involve conducting a physical survey or reading industry specific materials Conversations with consumers also facilitate the identification of their frustrations and negative experiences, (27) ________they may use to enhance a firm. 2022年春考 The light is called the aurora. Usually you can see it only at the very north of the earth,(23)_______it is called aurora borealis or Northerm Lights, or at the very south, where it is the aurora australis or Southern Lights. 2021年秋考 Scientists first recognized this problem in July 1976, by (28)_________ time 221 people had become seriously ill.. 2021年春考 Otherwise, you'll need to find a local studio(25)______ can be expensive. 2020年秋考 This would be impossible (28)___without_____ clocks and watches, (29)________ are all around us: on walls, on our wrists, on our PCs, and even on our mobiles and iPod's. 2020年春考 The pair annoyed the gods of the underworld with their noisy playing and the two brothers were tricked into descending into Xibalba (the underworld) _________ (23) they were challenged to a ball game. 2019年秋考 Orissa is the home three mass nesting sites of the Oliver turtles, a species (23)threatened (threaten) with extinction, and one of the sites, Gahirmatha, (24) __________ around 70 to 80 million turtles lay eggs on the beach every year, is considered one of the world’s largest nesting sites. 2019年春考 So ambition and the timely realization (21) ________ he would have to determine “what’s next” on his own urged Jason to engage his future self to find direction. 2018年秋考 Sometimes, the parents (28 )_________complain about the role of screens in family life are just as guilty of spending too much time in front of one. 2018年春考 The rooms (30) ______ the boys used to live look vacant. I feel sadness but also joy. 2017年秋考 In recent years, scientists have finally begun to find proof 23__________ contact with animals can increase a sick person’s chance of survival and They are more easy-going when there are animals around, with 29__________ company they tend to calm down more easily. 2017年春考 The movie starts with a rabbit police officer and a fox criminal 21___________team up to find a missing otter (水獭). 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 定语从句（期中复习讲义） 考点要求 考察形式 近年考题 （1）考查关系代词用法； （2）考查关系副词用法； （3）考查非限制定语从句用法 （4）考查“介词+关系代词”用法 （5）在具体语境中尤其句子翻译对定语从句的理解和运用。 语法填空题 句子翻译题 【2023上海春考】Young Enterprise primarily meets the needs of young people ( 23 )__________ are still at school, giving them an understanding of industry and the opportunities it may offer them in the future. 【答案】who/that 【解析】考查定语从句。这里使用关系代词作为介绍young people的定语从句，修饰"young people"，指代"young people"，做主语，指人，可以使用"who/that"。 【2022年秋考】This technique may involve conducting a physical survey or reading industry specific materials Conversations with consumers also facilitate the identification of their frustrations and negative experiences, (27) ________they may use to enhance a firm. 【答案】27 which 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。此处考查的是定语从句，their frustrations and negative experiences 在后面的从句中作宾语，属于事物，故填入which。句意:与消费者的对话也有助于识别他们的沮丧和负面体验，他们可能会利用这些来增强公司。 【2022年春考】The light is called the aurora. Usually you can see it only at the very north of the earth,(23)_______it is called aurora borealis or Northerm Lights, or at the very south, where it is the aurora australis or Southern Lights. 【答案】23.where [解析]考查定语从句。根据后面的“or at the very south,where it is the aurora australis or Southern Lights.”可知此处同样是一个定语从句，也是用关系副词where 作后面从句的地点状语。故填入 where。句意:通常，你只能在地球的最北边看到它，在那里它被称为北极光，或者在地球的最南边，它被称为南极光。 考情分析： 考查形式：主要在语法填空中与句子翻译中考查，要求考生根据句子结构和语境，填入适当的关系词或句子翻译。 考点分布：近年来，上海高考英语对定语从句的考查涵盖了关系代词和关系副词的各种用法。如 2023 年上海秋考考查了 as 引导的非限制性定语从句和 where 引导的非限制性定语从句；2023 年上海春考考查了 who/that 引导的限制性定语从句；2022 年上海秋考考查了 which 引导的非限制性定语从句；2022 年上海春考考查了 where 引导的定语从句。 复习目标： 1.语法知识系统化：全面、系统地掌握定语从句的基本概念、关系词的用法、定语从句的类型等知识，形成完整的知识体系，能够准确判断和分析各种定语从句。 2.解题能力提升：通过专项练习和真题训练，提高在语法填空等题型中准确运用定语从句知识解题的能力，能够快速、准确地根据先行词和从句的成分选择合适的关系词。 关系代词用法 知识点01 定语从句的有关概念 1． 什么叫定语从句？先行词、关系词？ 1.定语从句：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的句子。 2.特点：定语从句相当于形容词的作用，对前面的名词或代词进行修饰和限定。 3.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词，称为先行词。可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。 4.关系词：引导定语从句的词称为关系词。关系词分为两类，即关系代词和关系副词。 5.关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose, as等； 6.关系副词有：when, where, why等 例1：This is the present which/that he gave me for my birthday. 例2：Do you know the man at the corner that/who came to the party last night? 例3：I still remember the night when I first came to the village? 例4：This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived. ▇ 提示： 关系词在定语从句中有三大作用 1.连接作用---连接先行词和定语从句。 2.替代作用---在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。 3.成分作用---在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。 指人 指物 that which whose who whom 二. 关系代词的功用？ ▇ 关系代词做主语，宾语，定语；关系副词作状语。 1. 作主语： The person who/that broke the window must pay for it. The cars which/that are produced in Hubei Province sell very well. 2. 作宾语： She is the person whom/that I met at the school gate yesterday. The book which/that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”. 3. 作定语 关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如： The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard. The house whose windows are broken is empty. 4. 作状语 I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing. He wanted to know the reason why I was late .　　 This is the house where I was born. He’s got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane. 知识点02 关系代词用法 ▇ 关系代词引导的定语从句 1.who 指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。 That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。 2.whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略，在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替。 Li Ming is just the boy (whom) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。 3.which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。 This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。 4.that 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。 He is the man that/who lives next door. 他就是住在隔壁的那个人。 Where is the man (that/whom) I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？ I don’t like stories that/which have unhappy endings. 我不喜欢结尾悲伤的故事。 The dress (that/which) Ann bought doesn’t fit her very well. 安买的衣服不太合身。 5.whose 指人、物皆可，与后面的名词有所属关系，在定语从句中做定语。 He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。 I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。 注意：指物时，常用以下结构来代替： The house whose windows are broken is empty. =The house the windows of which are broken is empty. =The house of which the windows are broken is empty. 注意：whose+n.=the+n.+of which=of which+the+n. 6.as 当先行词受so, such, the same 修饰时使用。 如： I’ve never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过像他讲的这样的故事。 He is not such a fool as he looks. 他可不像他看上去的那样傻。 This is the same dictionary as I lost last week. 这部词典跟我上星期丢失的一样。 注意：当先行词受the same 修饰时，偶尔也用 that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。 如： She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding. 她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。 She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore. 她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的连衣裙。 因此，the same...as... 指同一类或相似的事物 the same...that... 指同一个事物 知识点03 定语从句中只能用that 引导的情况 1.当先行词为all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, few, the one等词时。 Everything that he said was true. 2.当先行词被the very（恰恰，正好）, the only，any，few，little，no，all修饰时。 This is the very grammar book (that) I want to buy. The only thing that is constant is change. There was little that we could do to help her. 3.当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the best that has been used against pollution. This is the most interesting film that I've ever seen. 4.当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。 The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. What is the first American film that you have seen? 5.当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。（避免引导词的重复出现） Who that has common sense will believe such nonsense? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 6.当先行词既有人又有物时。 Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? 7.先行词在定语从句中做表语，而关系代词在从句中也做表语时。 She is no longer the sweet girl (that) she used to be. He is not the man (that) he seems. 知识点04 XXXXX 定语从句中只能用which引导的情况 1.当关系代词的前面有介词时 A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition. Is this the room in which Mr. White lives? 2.在非限制性定语从句中 Crusoe’s dog, which was are now very old, became ill and died . More and more people are beginning to learn English, which is becoming very popular in our country. 3.在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that, 另一个宜用which.（了解即可） Let me show you the novel, which I borrowed from the library that was newly open to us. 4.当关系代词后面带有插入语时 Here’s the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English. 5.先行词本身是that, 宜用which What’s that which she is looking at? 知识点05 定语从句中只能用who引导的情况 在定语从句中who和that指代人时常可以通用，但在下列情况中只能用who，而不能用that。 1.先行词是one, ones和anyone时，宜用who。 One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth. The ones who flatter me don’t please me. Anyone who fails to finish the task given should be criticized. 2.先行词是those时，宜用who。 No words are strong enough to express our thanks to those who worked hard to rescue survivors in the earthquake. 3.当先行词有较长的后置定语时，宜用who。 I met a girl in the street yesterday who grew up in western Yunnan province. 4.一个句子带有两个定语从句时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that, 另一个宜用who。 The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard. 5.在there be 开头的句子中，宜用who（指人）。指物时，也可以用that。 There is a young man who wants to see your father. There are many old men who are against this plan. There is a rule that should be obeyed. 【即时检测】 1．The Internet has now become the first place the majority of people turn to for information. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：互联网现在已经成为大多数人获取信息的首选之地。空处引导定语从句，先行词是place，关系词在从句中作宾语，且先行词前有序数词修饰，应用关系代词that，故填that。 2．He used the donated fund and his own money to pay the 50 pounds per child the British government required. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他用捐赠的资金和自己的钱支付了英国政府要求的每个孩子50英镑。先行词为50 pounds ，作定语从句中required的宾语，关系代词为that或者which。故填that/which。 3．Mr. Stone is a great educator never stops inspiring his students and his fellow workers to be better individuals. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】who/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：斯通先生是一位伟大的教育家，他从不停止激励他的学生和同事成为更好的人。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是a great educator，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that引导。故填who或that。 4．Table read is not the only effective practice helps students improve their speaking. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：剧本朗读并不是帮助学生提高口语的唯一有效练习。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词practice，指物，在定语从句中作主语，并且先行词前面有the only修饰，需用关系代词that引导。故填that。 5．Lily told me everything she knew. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：莉莉把她知道的一些都告诉我了。限制性定语从句修饰先行词everything，先行词在从句作宾语，指物，且为不定代词，只能用that作引导词。故填that。 6．The building we are looking at used to be a hospital. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们正在看的这幢楼曾经是一家医院。分析句子，设空处引导定语从句，关系词替代先行词在从句中作宾语，修饰先行词the building，为物。故填that/which。 7．Wolves are highly social animals success depends upon cooperation. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：狼是高度群居的动物，它们的成功依赖于合作。空处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是Wolves，关系词在从句中作定语，和success之间是所属关系，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 8．This is the reason he gave me for his being late. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这就是他给我的他迟到的理由。空处引导定语从句，先行词the reason，指物，在定语从句中作宾语，需用关系代词that/which引导。故填that/which。 9．I will never forget the days I spent travelling with my grandparents. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】which/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我永远不会忘记我和祖父母一起旅行的日子。此处限制性定语从句引导词，先行词是the days，定语从句缺少宾语，应使用关系代词which/that。故填which/that。 10．The nurse we talked about can speak English fluently. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that/who/whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们谈论的那个护士英语说得很流利。分析句子结构可知，空格处为定语从句的连接词，且在从句中作宾语，先行词为人，所以可以用that，who或者whom。故答案为that或者who或者whom。 11．Someone is capable has the skill or qualities necessary to do a particular thing well. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：有能力的人有做好某件事所必需的技能或品质。定语从句修饰someone，在从句作主语，指人，故填who。 12．The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that/in which/不填 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：为避免惹恼你的同伴，你使用筷子的方式很重要。定语从句修饰先行词way，在从句作状语，应用that/in which或不填，故填that/in which/不填。 13．I admired Mr. Smith from class I graduated. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我很钦佩史密斯先生，我毕业于他那个班。分析句子可知，空处引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词Mr. Smith，先行词指人，在从句中作定语，和class之间是所属关系，应用关系代词whose作引导词。故填whose。 14．Happiness and success often come to those are good at recognizing their own strengths. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：幸福和成功往往属于那些善于认识自身优势的人。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限定性定语从句，“those”是先行词，指代“那些人”，关系词在后面的定语从句中作主语，所以使用关系代词who引导该从句。故填who。 15．The students are chatting about the books and writers will add to their favorites. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：学生们正在讨论他们最喜欢的书和作家。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是the books and writers，在从句中作主语，当先行词既有人又有物时，用that引导定语从句。故填that。 解｜题｜技｜巧 1.定语从句是形容词性的，它用来修饰名词或代词； 2.掌握定语从句的分类（限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句）和引导词的特点（关系代词作成分、关系副词只能充当状语）及引导词的使用限定； 3.在选择引导词时，遵循三字原则（断：断句，划分好主句和从句；找：找准先行词；放：将引导词放入从句中，同时要看好从句是否缺少成分，再选择引导词的类别 关系副词用法 知识点01 关系副词引导的定语从句 1.when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 I still remember the day when I first came to this school. 我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。 October 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded. 1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。 2.where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 注意先行词还可以是抽象的地点名词，如：case, point, situation, circumstance, activity… Shanghai is the city where I was born. 上海是我出生的城市。 I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised. 我参观了那个饲养了许多奶牛的农场。 He’s got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane. 3.why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 请告诉我你误机的原因。 The reason why he was punished is unknown to us. 他受惩罚的原因我们都不知道。 注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。如： I’ll never forget the day when/on which I first met you. 我永远不会忘记第一次见你的那天。 Great changes are taking place in the city where/in which they live. 他们生活的城市正发生巨大的变化。 The reason why/for which he refused the invitation is quite clear. 他为什么拒绝接受邀请的原因是十分明了的。 知识点02 关系代词和关系副词之比较择 （看从句是否缺少成分，缺什么补什么） 用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用（即所担当的成分）。试比较： A.I know a place where（作状语） we can have a picnic. I know a place which/that（作主语） is famous for its beautiful natural scenery. B.I will never forget the days when（作状语） we spent our holidays together. I will never forget the days that/which（作宾语） we spent together. C.This is the reason why（作状语） he was dismissed（解雇）. This is the reason that/which（作宾语） he explained to me for his not attending the meeting. 因此，在定语从句中，如果从句缺少成分，我们要选择关系代词，否则就选关系副词。选关系副词时，还要注意指代的对象，是时间（when）、地点（where）、还是原因（why）。 知识点03 “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 1. “介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom，且不能省略。 Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends. 一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。 Wu Dong, with whom I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much. 　和我一起去听音乐会的吴东，非常喜欢这次音乐会。 注：在这种结构中，介词与先行词组成短语，在从句中充当句子成分，因此介词的选用时受到一定限制的，仍然根据先行词与介词的搭配关系而定。 2．“不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋of which/whom”引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体关系。如：some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词或分数，百分比加上of which或of whom来修饰或限定先行词。 He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of which has been proved. 科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。 Many young people，most of whom were well­educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。 3．在定语从句中，whose修饰物时可以换为“the＋名词＋of which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋of whom”。 The newly­built café, whose walls (＝the walls of which) are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work. 这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。 I live next door to a couple whose children (＝the children of whom) often make a lot of noise. 我住在一对夫妻的隔壁，他们的孩子经常制造噪音。 【即时检测】 1．TikTok, known as Douyin in China, is a social media platform short videos can be edited and uploaded easily. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：TikTok，在中国被称为抖音，是一个可以轻松编辑和上传短视频的社交媒体平台。______ short videos can be edited and uploaded easily.是一个定语从句，修饰先行词a social media platform，关系词在从句中作地点状语，所以填关系副词where。故填where。 2．Occasions are quite rare I have the time to have a formal dinner with my kids. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我很少有时间和孩子们一起吃正式的晚餐。空处引导定语从句，先行词occasions，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作时间状语，需用关系副词when引导。故填when。 3．The teacher didn’t know the reason she was late for school. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】why 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：老师不知道她上学迟到的原因。分析句子可知，这里考查定语从句，先行词为 the reason，在从句中作原因状语，所以此空应用关系副词why。故填why。 4．The talented composer and singer showed us around his studio he composed the song Forever Young. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这位才华横溢的作曲家兼歌手带我们参观了他的工作室，在那里他创作了歌曲《永远年轻》。空处引导定语从句修饰先行词his studio。先行词在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。 5．They have developed their friendship to a stage they share happiness and sufferings. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们的友谊已经到达了可以分享痛苦和幸福的阶段。此处引导定语从句，先行词为stage，在定语从句中作地点状语，故应用where引导，故填where。 6．It’s helpful to put ourselves in a situation we can see ourselves more clearly. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：把自己放在一个能更清楚地看到自己的局面中是很有帮助的。此空位于名词之后，空前与空后句子的谓语动词分别为is和can see，所以此处应是关系词引导的定语从句，从句中不缺少主语和宾语，所以此处使用关系副词，先行词situation意为“形势，局面”为抽象地点名词，所以此处使用关系副词where，在从句中作地点状语，故填where。 7．You are expected to find some group activities you can be with people who share your interests. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你应该参加一些团体活动，在那里你可以和有共同兴趣的人在一起。定语从句修饰先行词activities，在从句作地点状语，故填where。 8．The nuclear waste discharge is now the major reason environmentalists feel worried about the future of marine creatures. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】why 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：核废料的排放现在是环保主义者对海洋生物的未来感到担忧的主要原因。定语从句修饰先行词reason，在从句作原因状语，应用why。故填why。 9．It was 10o’clock__________ / ________ they went out of the cinema.(用适当的词填空) 【答案】when/at which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们走出电影院时已是十点钟了。分析句子结构及句意可知此处为定语从句，先行词为表示时间的名词 10 o’clock， 从句缺少时间状语， 应用关系副词when引导定语从句；表示“在几点”，应用介词at，所以此处的关系副词when也可换作at which。故答案为when/at which。 10．The summer__________ / ________ I graduated from university was long and hot. 【答案】when/in which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我大学毕业的那个夏天又长又热。分析句子结构可知,此处应用when引导定语从句,关系词指代先行词The summer,在定语从句中作时间状语。此处也可用“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句,由in the summer可知，应用介词in。in which相当于when。故填when/in which。 11．They consider summer vacations as a time__________ / relaxing and having fun is a necessary part. 【答案】 when in/during which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们认为暑假是一个放松和娱乐必不可少的时间。分析句子可知，空格处引导限定性定语从句。先行词是time，关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，故用关系副词when或介词in/during+ which，表示“在……期间”。故填when或in/during which。 12．The tower___________ / people can have a good view is on the hill. 【答案】where/ from which 【详解】考查关系副词或“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句。句意: 人们可以欣赏美景的塔在山上。 分析句子结构可知，“________ people can have a good view”是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the tower，该先行词在从句中作地点状语，故填where，或“介词from(从……)+关系代词 which”。因此答案为where/from which。 13．The reason___________ / he gave up his well-paid job isn't known to us. 【答案】why/ for which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他放弃高工资工作的原因不为人知。分析句子可知，此处是定语从句，关系词代替先行词reason在从句中充当原因状语，应用关系副词why，又why=for which,故填why/for which。 14．The teacher you talked yesterday is our maths teacher. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】with whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：昨天和你谈话的那位老师是我们的数学老师。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为teacher，指代人，关系词替代先行词作介词with的宾语，应用关系代词whom引导。故填whom。 15．She studied Chinese medicine for two and a half years with experts in the field she gained a deep knowledge. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】from whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她学了两年半的中医，对中医有很深的了解。分析句子结构可知，本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是experts，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作from的宾语，应用“介词from+whom”引导。故填whom。 易｜错｜点｜拨 1.含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。 This is the watch (which/that) I am looking for. (正) This is the watch for which I am looking. (误) 2.介词后的关系代词不可用that和who，若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，指物时只可用which；关系代词是所有格时用whose。 The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. (正) The man with that/who you talked just now is my neighbour. (误) 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station ______ you can hire to reach your host family. A．which B．where C．when D．as 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你会发现出租车在汽车站等着，你可以租出租车去你的寄宿家庭。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少宾语，先行词taxis是出租车，因此空格处用which/that引导定语从句，故选A。 2．The ravages of war and neglect have left behind nothing but hollow remnants (残迹) in places _____ would have once been busy centers of culture and commerce. A．in which B．what C．where D．which 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：战争的摧残与忽视，使得那些昔日繁华的文化与商业中心，如今只剩下空洞的遗迹。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词places，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which作引导词。故选D。 3．The young scientist has made such great achievements in his chosen field ________ nobody else can make. A．that B．as C．which D．where 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这位年轻的科学家在他所选择的领域里取得了无人能及的巨大成就。空处引导定语从句，先行词为achievements，从句缺少宾语，且先行词被such修饰，应用关系代词as。故选B。 4．She liked Gaithersburg, the very town ________ long ago got rid of its Confederate past and is now home to a diverse population. A．as B．which C．where D．that 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：她喜欢盖瑟斯堡，这个小镇早已摆脱了其南部同盟的过去，如今是一个多元化人口的家园。先行词为town，在定语从句中作主语，且先行词被the very修饰，关系代词为that。故选D项。 5．The way ______ Mexicans tell time actually has actually allowed me to live far more in the right now than I ever did before. Which one of the following choices is wrong! A．that B．in which C．which D．/ 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：墨西哥人表达时间的方式实际上让我比以往任何时候更能活在当下。根据语法规则，“the way”后接句子完整的定语从句时可以使用“that”或“in which”，也可以直接省略，不能用“which”。故选C项。 6．A cultural object usually refers to an item ______ is loosely related to a particular culture. A．which B．/ C．one D．whose 【答案】A 【详解】考查关系代词。句意：文化对象通常指的是一个与特定文化松散相关的物品。空格处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词an item，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。故选A项。 7．The last thing I wanted to do was sitting down for an hour with people I barely knew. A．which B．that C．as D．whom 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我最不愿意做的事就是和我几乎不认识的人坐在一起一个小时。此处为关系词引导的定语从句，从句中缺少宾语，所以应该用关系代词，代替先行词thing在从句中作宾语，先行词前有the last修饰，关系代词只能用that。故选B项。 8．Maradona, Argentina’s favorite son ________ life was spoiled by struggles with addiction, died at the age of 60, following a heart attack at home. A．who B．whom C．whose D．that 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：Maradona是Argentina最受欢迎的儿子，他的生活被与毒瘾作斗争所破坏，在家中因心脏病发作去世，享年60岁。定语从句修饰先行词son，在从句作life的定语，所以此处使用关系代词whose。故选C。 9．Always go with the choice that scares you the most, because that's ____________ that is going to require the most from you. A．why B．such C．the one D．all 【答案】C 【详解】考查代词。句意：总是选择最让你害怕的那个，因为那就是最需要你付出的那个选择。此处缺少表语，且指代前面提到的the choice，应用the one来表示同类事物中的特指，后面的“that is going to require the most from you”是定语从句，修饰先行词the one。故选 C 项。 10．The highest education is that ____________ does not merely give us information but makes our life in harmony with all existence. A．one B．\ C．who D．which 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：最高的教育不仅给予我们知识，而且使我们的生命与万物和谐相处。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词是that，空格处用关系代词which，故选D。 11．The files on the server are broken into tiny packets of information, which may travel together or take completely different routes back to your device, ______ they are reassembled. A．why B．which C．where D．how 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：服务器上的文件被分解成微小的信息包，这些信息包可能会一起传输，也可能会沿着完全不同的路线返回到您的设备，然后在您的设备上重新组装。A. why为什么；B. which哪一个；C. where在哪里；D. how如何。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词your device，且在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故选C。 12．Is it in the factory ______ your father works ______ we’ll work for two weeks? A．where… where B．where… that C．that… where D．that… that 【答案】B 【详解】考查强调句和定语从句。句意：你父亲工作的那家工厂就是我们要工作两周的地方吗？第一空，此处引导定语从句，先行词为the factory，关系词在从句中作地点状语，所以用where引导；第二空，此处为强调句型“It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他”，这里强调的是地点状语in the factory，所以用that。故选B项。 13．In today’s society ______ temptations and distractions are found everywhere, self-discipline is one of the most important qualities, if not the most important. A．where B．which C．that D．whose 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在当今社会，诱惑和干扰无处不在，自律是最重要的品质之一，如果不是最重要的品质的话。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词society，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用where，故填A。 14．Mozart’s birthplace and the house ________ he composed ‘The Magic Flute’ are both museums now. A．where B．when C．there D．which 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：莫扎特的出生地和他创作《魔笛》的房子现在都是博物馆。分析句子可知，这是一个定语从句。先行词是the house，且在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where来引导。故填where。 15．The city held a grand parade on the occasion ________ its annual cultural festival was celebrated. A．which B．that C．when D．what 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这个城市在庆祝一年一度的文化节时举行了盛大的游行。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导定语从句，先行词是the occasion，指时间，关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，所以空处需用关系副词when引导定语从句。故选C。 16．Florence is probably a place where history comes alive, bringing you back to a time ______ art, culture and science were being reborn. A．that B．which C．when D．in that 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：佛罗伦萨可能是一个历史鲜活的地方，带你回到一个艺术、文化和科学正在重生的时代。空处引导定语从句，先行词是a time，在从句中作时间状语，用when引导。故选C项。 17．A cultural celebration usually refers to an event ______ the traditions of a particular people or place are celebrated. A．that B．whose C．which D．where 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：文化庆典通常是指庆祝特定民族或地方传统的活动。空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词event，在定语从句中作抽象地点状语，需要用关系副词where。故选D。 18．Yesterday we went to visit the house the great artist used to live. A．that B．which C．where D．when 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：昨天我们去参观了那位伟大的艺术家曾经住过的房子。此处需要使用关系词引导定语从句，先行词为the house，在从句中作地点状语，因此需使用关系副词where。故选C。 19．This is the book I learned a lot of useful knowledge about environmental protection. A．of which B．from which C．that D．when 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这就是那本我从中学到很多关于环境保护有用知识的书。learn from从……中学习，为固定短语；先行词为the book，作定语从句中作from的宾语。关系代词为which。故填from which。 20．William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes ________ we can learn without repeating them. A．from which B．of whom C．about which D．by whom 【答案】A 【详解】考查介词+关系代词。句意：威廉・哈斯蒂曾提出，历史让我们知晓过去的错误，我们能从中吸取教训，避免重蹈覆辙。learn from为固定短语。past mistakes为先行词，作介词的宾语，关系代词为which。故选A。 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单句语法填空 1．Can you still remember the time we spent together in our childhood? (用适当的关系词填空) 【答案】that/which/不填 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你还记得我们童年一起度过的时光吗？空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the time，先行词指物，在从句中作spent的宾语，应用关系代词that或which作引导词，定语从句的单个引导词作宾语，也可省略。故填that/which/不填。 2．…and the custom of three meals a day became national continued to today. (用适当的关系词填空) 【答案】which/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：一日三餐的习俗成为全国性的并延续至今。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“the custom of three meals a day”，指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。 3．This causes problems for the part of the brain controls our feelings. (用适当的关系词填空) 【答案】which/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这会给控制我们情感的那部分大脑带来问题。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the part of the brain，在定语从句中作主语，指物，所以使用关系代词which或that。故填which或that。 4．Then he came up with a seemingly simple plan worked better than he had expected. (用适当的关系词填空) 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：然后他想出了一个看似简单的计划，结果比他预期的要好。“ worked better than he had expected.”是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“a seemingly simple plan”，指物，在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词that或which引导该定语从句。故填that/which。 5．The way came up at the meeting was unpractical. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：会上提出的那个方法是不切实际的。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词way是方法，因此用关系代词that/which引导定语从句，故填that/which。 6．It is the most ridiculous reason he has ever offered for his being late for school. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：这是他为上学迟到给出的最荒谬的理由。句中先行词为reason，且先行词被最高级the most ridiculous修饰，在定语从句he has ever offered for his being late for school中作宾语，这种情况下关系词只能用that 。 故填that。 7．The number of people come to visit this city each year reaches one million. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that/who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：每年来这座城市参观的人数达到了一百万。空处引导定语从句，先行词people，指人，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词that/who引导。故填that/who。 8．Those are against the plan put up your hands please. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：那些反对这个计划的人请举手。设空处引导定语从句修饰先行词Those，指人，在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词who引导。故填who。 9．Teachers should try to create an atmosphere students can enjoy learning. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：教师应努力营造一种学生可以享受学习的氛围。分析句子结构可知，“______ students can enjoy learning”是定语从句，修饰先行词“an atmosphere”，先行词atmosphere在此处表示抽象的地点概念，在从句中作地点状语（即“in the atmosphere”），故应用关系副词where引导该定语从句。故填where。 10．There are hundreds of scenes in English novels characters wollk through the bush of fallen leaves. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在英语小说中有数百个场景，其中的人物在落叶丛中穿行。引导定语从句，先行词是scenes，在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where，符合语境。故填where。 11．She eventually reached a point she had to make a choice between her career and her family.(用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她最终到了必须在事业和家庭之间做出选择的地步。空处引导限制性定语从句，代替先行词point在从句中作抽象的地点状语，应用关系副词where作引导词。故填where。 12．It’s helpful to put children in an occasion they can see themselves differently. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：让孩子们置身于一个能让他们以不同视角看待自己的环境中，是很有帮助的。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为occasion，此句中表示地点，作从句的地点状语，用关系副词where引导从句。故填where。 13．There comes a time in every boy’s life he must take on responsibilities. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：每个男孩的生命中都会有一个时刻，他必须承担起责任。空格处引导定语从句，先行词是“a time”，在从句中作时间状语，因此应用关系副词when引导该定语从句。故填when。 14．It was a time many young people went to the countryside to get some training. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：那是一个许多年轻人到农村接受一些培训的时期。______many young people went to the countryside to get some training是关系词引导的定语从句修饰时间名词time，从句部分的主谓宾结构完整，所填词在该从句中作时间状语，要用关系副词when。故填when。 15．There are cases children develop the disease at an early age.​ (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：有一些孩子在很小的时候就患上这种疾病的情况。“children develop the disease at an early age”是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词cases，先行词在从句中作地点状语，表示“在这样的情况中”，所以应用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。 二、句子翻译题 1．This is the film I’ve seen since I came to Huazhou. 这是我来化州后看的第一部电影。 【答案】 first that 【详解】考查数词和定语从句。根据中英文提示，“第一”用序数词first；句中先行词为film，且被序数词修饰 ，在定语从句中作宾语，所以用关系代词that引导。故填①the ②that。 2．这就是那位全国知名的科学家。 This is the scientist _____________________________all over the country. (whose) 【答案】whose name is known 【详解】考查定语从句。分析句子结构，此处应为关系词whose引导的定语从句修饰先行词scientist，表示“全国知名的科学家”可转述为“科学家的名字被全国所知”，所以从句的主语应为“名字”name，与先行词the scientist之间为所属关系，所以使用whose引导定语从句；表示“知道”应为know，与name之间为被动关系，结合句意以及主句的谓语动词is可知，此处讲述的是客观事实，所以使用一般现在时的被动语态，主语name为第三人称单数，所以从句的谓语动词为is known。故填whose name is known。 3．比尔说他在中国参观的第一个地方是故宫博物院。 Bill said that _____________________________ was the Palace Museum. 【答案】the first place that he visited in China 【详解】考查定语从句。根据句意，表示“第一个地方”应为the first place作宾语从句的主语，表示“他在中国参观的”应为定语从句修饰先行词the first place；分析句意可知，关系词在从句中作宾语，所以使用关系代词引导定语从句，先行词被序数词修饰，所以此处使用关系代词that，表示“他”应为he作定语从句的主语，表示“参观”应为visit作定语从句的谓语，根据谓语动词was可知，该句描述的是过去的事情，所以此处使用一般过去时，所以定语从句的谓语动词应为visited，表示“在中国”应为in China，所以定语从句应译为that he visited in China。故填the first place that he visited in China。 4．我永远不会忘记发生在我的童年里的那个意外事件，它给我留下了很深的印象。（that引导定语从句） Never will I forget the accident _____________________________, which left a deep impression on me. 【答案】that happened in my childhood 【详解】考查定语从句。根据句意和提示可知，此处应为that引导的定语从句，表示“发生”应为happen，表示“在我的童年里”应为in my childhood，所以，从句谓语动词应为一般过去时，即谓语动词为happened，分析句子结构可知，先行词the accident在从句中作主语，所以此处使用关系代词that引导定语从句。故填that happened in my childhood。 5．我们学校有丰富多彩的旨在扩大我们视野的课外活动。 There are colorful after­class activities in our school________________________________________． 【答案】that/which are designed/aimed to broaden our horizons 【详解】考查定语从句。该空缺少的是定语部分“旨在扩大我们视野的”修饰先行词activities，应使用关系代词that或which作从句主语，谓语部分使用be designed/aimed to；“扩大我们视野”使用动词短语 broaden our horizons。根据主句时态及句意判断从句也应使用一般现在时。故填that/which are designed to broaden our horizons。 7．只要你坚持下去，你梦想成真的那一刻一定会到来。 So long as you stick to it, the moment _____________________________ will definitely come. 【答案】when your dream comes true 【详解】考查定语从句。根据句意，表示“你梦想成真的”应为定语从句修饰先行词the moment，表示“你的梦想”应为your dream作定语从句的主语，表示“成真”应为come true，根据句意可知，该句描述的是客观事实，所以使用一般现在时，主语为名词单数，所以定语从句的谓语动词应为comes true，从句中不缺少主语和宾语，先行词the moment表时间，所以此处使用关系副词when引导定语从句。故填when your dream comes true。 8．她将自己置于危险的境地，而且很有可能丢掉性命。 She's got herself into a dangerous situation . 【答案】where she’s likely to lose her life 【详解】考查定语从句。根据中英文提示可知，需要翻译的部分是“有可能丢掉性命”，表示“她”应用she；表示“有可能做某事”应用固定搭配be likely to do sth.，此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为she，be动词用is；表示“丢掉性命”应用lose her life，此处lose使用动词原形；表示“有可能丢掉性命”应用where引导定语从句，修饰先行词situation，关系副词在从句中作地点状语。故填where she’s likely to lose her life。 9．他是你能求助的人。 He is the man you can turn for help. 【答案】to whom 【详解】考查定语从句和固定搭配。turn to sb. for help为固定搭配，意为“向某人求助”，空处引导定语从句，先行词the man，指人，在定语从句中作to的宾语，需用关系代词whom，引导。故填to whom。 10．我绝不会忘记与她第一次相见的那一天。 I’ll never forget the day I first met her. 【答案】on which 【详解】考查定语从句。表示在某一天应用介词on，在定语从句中缺少宾语，且先行词为day，所以应用 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 1．1) ________ has been announced, we shall have our final exams next month. 2) ______ has been announced is that we shall have our final exams next month. 3) _______ has been announced that we shall have our final exams next month. A. That B. As C. It D. What 2． 1) Is this the factory ____ her mother worked last year? 2) Is this factory _____ her mother visited last year? 3) This is the best factory _______ my mother has ever visited. A. the one B. which C. that D. where 3． 1) Is that Mr. Green, _____ I think has something interesting to tell you? 2) Is that Mr. Green, _____ I think to be a doctor? A. that B. who C. whom D. Both B and C 4． 1) The second reason ________ he gave the teacher for his being late for school sounded reasonable. 2) The reason _____he was late for school sounded reasonable. 3) The reason for _____ he was late for school sounded reasonable. A. why B. when C. which D. that 5． 1) The boy, _____ brother was a PLA man, was very brave. 2) The brother, ____ the brave boy was proud, was a PLA man. A. who B. of whom C. whose D. whom 6． 1) Is your brother the only one in your hometown ____ is an electrical engineer? 2) Is your brother an electrical engineer in your hometown, ____ you haven’t been to for ten years? A. which B. where C. who D. whose 7． 1）_______ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress. 2）________ is reported in the newspapers that talks between the two countries are making progress. 3) Talks between the two countries are making progress, _____ is reported in the newspapers. A. It (it) B. As (as) C. Which (which) D. Both B and C 8． 1) George Orwell, _____ real name was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays. 2) George Orwell, the real name of _____ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays. 3) George Orwell wrote many political novels and essays. _____ real name was Eric Arthur. A. his(His) B. he (He) C. whose (Whose) D. whom (Whom) 9． 1) After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _____ he grew up as a child. 2) After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town in _____ he grew up as a child. A. which B. where C. that D. when 1. 1) He paid the boy $ 10 for washing ten windows, most of ____ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year. 2) He paid the boy $ 10 for washing ten windows. Most of ______ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year. A. this B. those C. that D. which 11.1) They will never forget the day ______ they joined the Party. 2) They will never forget the day ______ they spent together. A. that B. where C. who D. when 12.1) Do you still remember the date ____ you first came to Beijing University? 2) Do you still remember the year ____ you first came to Beijing University? A. that B. in which C. which D. on which 参考答案： 1．点拨：根据句1）题干中的逗号可知是复合句，所以要用连词才可以把两个句子连接起来，而前一个句子没有主语，也就是说所填的词要作从句的主语，所以选B，关系代词as引导的非限制性定语从句，代指后面整个句子。句2）从连系动词is可以看出前面是一个主语从句，并且所填的词应在从句中作主语，而that引导名词性从句时其本身在从句中不作任何成分，所以选D，what引导主语从句。句3）由announce的被动语态形式和that从句可知用it作形式主语，所以选C。 2. 点拨：句1）的关系词在定语从句中作不及物动词work的地点状语，故选Ｄ；句2）的this factory是句子的主语，故选the one作句子的表语，其后省去了在定语从句中作及物动词visit宾语的that，有的同学会选Ｂ或Ｃ，认为this是主语，factory是表语，但要注意factory是可数名词的单数形式，其前没有the等限定词是不符合英语习惯的，所以要把this看作是factory的限定词，故选A；句3）的关系词作及物动词visit的宾语，但指物的先行词被形容词最高级修饰时只用that，故选Ｃ。 3. 点拨：句１）的关系词在非限制性定语从句中作think所接的宾语从句的主语，先行词指人，故选Ｂ；句２）关系词在定语从句中作think的宾语，用whom, 但在口语和非正式文体中也可用who，故选D。 4. 点拨：句１）的关系词在定语从句中作give的宾语，即give sb. sth.，同时先行词又被序数词修饰，故选Ｄ；句２）的关系词在定语从句中作状语，先行词是表原因的reason，故选Ａ；句３）是“介词＋关系代词”结构，for which=why, 故选Ｃ。 5.点拨：关系代词whose表所属关系，意思是“…….人（物）的”，相当于of whom (which) , 二者可以相互转换，但语序稍有不同，故1）选C；如果“of+ whom (which)” 不表所属关系，则二者不可以互换，句2）的of是短语be proud of （以……而自豪）中的介词，它不表所属关系，故不可以用whose，故选B。 6.点拨：定语从句和先行词之间有时被其它成分隔开，这样的定语从句就叫隔离定语从句，此时要注意定语从句所修饰的词到底是哪一个，即要明确哪一个是先行词。句1）的先行词是指人的the only one, 关系词在定语从句作主语，故选C；句2）的关系词引导的的非限制性定语从句修饰先行词hometown, 关系词在定语从句中作介词to的宾语，故选A。 7. 点拨：as与which都可以引导非限制性定语从句，但which引导的非限制性定语从句不可置于句首，故1)选B，3)选D；句2)的that从句是主语从句， 用it作形式主语，故选A。 8. 点拨：由题干中的“，”可知句1）、2）是复合句，要用连词，关系代词whose在定语从句中表所属关系，意思是“……人（物）的”，可与表所属关系的of which(whom) 转换，故1）C、2）选D；句3）由题中的句号可知是两个句子，依句意填形容词性物主代词表所属关系，故选A，首字母要大写。 9.点拨：句1）所填关系词在定语从句中作状语，要用关系副词，先行词town指地点，故选B； 句2）所填关系词作in的宾语，要用关系代词， 但“介词+关系代词”结构中的关系代词不可用that或who，故选A 10.点拨：句１）是非限制性定语从句，用关系代词作介词of的宾语，而that不可作介词的宾语，故选Ｄ；句２）是两个句子，后一句应该填普通代词，代指前面的ten windows,不能把其误解成一个句子而选D，最佳答案是Ｂ。 11. 点拨：句１）的关系词在定语从句中作状语，要用关系副词，先行词day指时间，故选D；句２）的关系词在从句中作spent的宾语，要用关系代词，不能一见到指时间的先行词就用when，一定要考虑其在从句中所作的成分，故选A。 12.点拨：在“介词＋关系代词”结构中，介词的选用要考虑到与先行词与从句中的动词、形容词、名词之间的搭配关系。句１）先行词day知具体日期，故介词用on, 选D；句２）的先行词year指年份，故介词用in, 选B。 链接高考（测试时间：15分钟） 2022年秋考 This technique may involve conducting a physical survey or reading industry specific materials Conversations with consumers also facilitate the identification of their frustrations and negative experiences, (27) ________they may use to enhance a firm. 27 which 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。此处考查的是定语从句，their frustrations and negative experiences 在后面的从句中作宾语，属于事物，故填入which。句意:与消费者的对话也有助于识别他们的沮丧和负面体验，他们可能会利用这些来增强公司。 2022年春考 The light is called the aurora. Usually you can see it only at the very north of the earth,(23)_______it is called aurora borealis or Northerm Lights, or at the very south, where it is the aurora australis or Southern Lights. 23.where [解析]考查定语从句。根据后面的“or at the very south,where it is the aurora australis or Southern Lights.”可知此处同样是一个定语从句，也是用关系副词where 作后面从句的地点状语。故填入 where。句意:通常，你只能在地球的最北边看到它，在那里它被称为北极光，或者在地球的最南边，它被称为南极光。 2021年秋考 Scientists first recognized this problem in July 1976, by (28)_________ time 221 people had become seriously ill.. 28. which 【解析】 考查非限制性定语从句。根据句子结构分析，可知该空所在句子为非限制性定语，修饰上旬所述相关情况，再结合句意分析，此处主要强调的是相关的时间，又因为该空前有介词 by，故需要用 by which 代替 when 充当引导词，故此处填入 which。 2021年春考 Otherwise, you'll need to find a local studio(25)______ can be expensive. 25.which /that 【解析】.考查定语从句。这里which/that代替前面的先行词studio在从句中作主语。句意为：“否则，你需要找到一个当地的工作室，这可能是昂贵的。” 2020年秋考 This would be impossible (28)___without_____ clocks and watches, (29)________ are all around us: on walls, on our wrists, on our PCs, and even on our mobiles and iPod's. 29.which [解析]考查非限制性定语从句，横线之前说到了钟表和手表，横线之后说，“在我们周围的:在墙上和我们手腕上”，可知是对前一句话的补充解说，which引导的定语从句，修饰前一句话末尾的“clocks and watches”，which 充当主语的成分。 2020年春考 The pair annoyed the gods of the underworld with their noisy playing and the two brothers were tricked into descending into Xibalba (the underworld) _________ (23) they were challenged to a ball game. 23. where 【解析】考查定语从句。空前为主句the two brothers were tricked into... Xibalba (the underworld)，空后为定语从句they were challenged to a ball game修饰地点名词Xibalba，所以此处用关系副词where 代替in Xibalba 在从句中作状语。 2019年秋考 Orissa is the home three mass nesting sites of the Oliver turtles, a species (23)threatened (threaten) with extinction, and one of the sites, Gahirmatha, (24) __________ around 70 to 80 million turtles lay eggs on the beach every year, is considered one of the world’s largest nesting sites. 24.where [解析]考查限制性定语从句。根据句意:“奥里萨岛是奥利弗海龟的三个大规模筑巢地，这是一个濒临灭绝的物种，其中之一，盖赫马塔每年约有七千万到八千万只海龟在海滩上产卵，被认为是世界上最大的筑巢地之一。”由此句意和结构分析可知,此处缺少一个引导定语从句的关系词,又因为先行词为 Gahirmatha表示一个地点，故用关系副词 where，相当于 in which=in the place 2019年春考 So ambition and the timely realization (21) ________ he would have to determine “what’s next” on his own urged Jason to engage his future self to find direction. 21. that 【21题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：他自己决定自己要做什么的雄心和及时觉悟督促他自己找到未来的方向。分析句子可知，he would have to determine “what’s next” on his own为限制性定语从句修饰先行词So ambition and the timely realization，从句缺乏have 的宾语，故用关系代词that或者which。 2018年秋考 Sometimes, the parents (28 )_________complain about the role of screens in family life are just as guilty of spending too much time in front of one. 28.that/who [解析]考查定语从句。定语从句，that 充当从句中的主语。 2018年春考 The rooms (30) ______ the boys used to live look vacant. I feel sadness but also joy. 30. where 30.where[解析]考查定语从句。where 引导的句子主谓宾齐全，少了地点状语用 where 作不及物动词 live 的地点状语，where 相当于 in which。因此正确答案为 where。 2017年秋考 In recent years, scientists have finally begun to find proof 23__________ contact with animals can increase a sick person’s chance of survival and 23. that [解析]考查定语从句。scientists have finally begun to find proof that contact with animals can...科学家们终于开始找到证据证明与动物的接触..... that 引导的定语从句。 They are more easy-going when there are animals around, with 29__________ company they tend to calm down more easily. 29.whose [解析]考查定语从句。They are more easy-going when there are animals around.with whose company they tend to calm down more easily.当周围有动物的时候，他们更容易相处，他们更容易平静下来。company 是名词，前面可用形容词性物主代词。 2017年春考 The movie starts with a rabbit police officer and a fox criminal 21___________team up to find a missing otter (水獭). 21.who [解析] 考查定语从句。考查 who 引导的定语从句，修饰前面的a rabbit police officer and a fox criminal 。 The movie stars a rabbit police officer and a fox criminal who team up to find a missing otter.电影的主角免子警官和一名狐狸罪犯联合起来寻找一只失踪的水獭。 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $