专题01 句子成分与基本句型（期中复习讲义）高一英语上学期上海通用

专题01 句子成分与基本句型（期中复习讲义） 考情分析 【考向透视】 分析近年高考真题可知，高考对句子种类考查全面。在听力中对句子功用考查居多。在阅读理解和完形填空中，熟练掌握句子结构和种类是迅速读懂文章的基本保证。长难句中对并列句和复合句的综合考查也呈上升趋势。语法填空中对并列句和复合句的考查几乎每年都会涉及到。写作中读懂原文，熟练写出符合逻辑且结构正确的句子也是得得分的必备保障。 【复习目标】 1. 掌握句子成分、句子的基本结构和类型。 2.熟练运用表示不同逻辑关系的并列连词。 3..强化在复杂语境中理解长难句的能力。 句子成分 主要成分：主语 和 谓语 次要成分：表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等 （一）主语：主语是一个句子的主要成分，也是句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首 Subject 表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”。一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名 词化的形容词和主语从句等充当。 注意：在there be结构、疑问（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语动词、助动词或情态动词后面。 例如：Tom is a good boy. (名词) We often speak English in class. (代词) One-third of the students in this class are girls. (数词) To swim in the river is a great pleasure. (不定式) Smoking does harm to the health. (动名词) The rich should help the poor. (名词化形容词) When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. (主语从句) It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it为形式主语，真正的主语是不定式) （二）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。说明主语“做什么”、 Predicate “是什么”或“怎么样”，一般由动词或动词短语来充当，一般放在主语之后。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。谓语的构成如下： 1. 简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。例如： I like apples. ( 动词 ) He practices running every morning. （动词短语） 2. 复合谓语：（1）由（情态动词或其他助动词+动词原形）构成； 例如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由（系动词+表语）构成。 We are having a quick breakfast. （三） 表语：表语用于说明主语的性质、身份、特征和状态等，说明主语“是什么” Predicative 或“怎么样”。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短 语、副词及从句充当。它一般位于系动词（如be, keep, remain, become, get. grow, turn, look, seem, feel, smell, sound, taste等）之后。表语须和连系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语，即成系表结构。 如： My mother is a doctor. (名词) Is it yours? (代词) The weather has turned cold. （形容词） The speech is exciting. （现在分词） The door is closed. （过去分词） Three times seven is twenty one. （数词） His job is to teach English. （不定式） His hobby is playing football. （动名词） The machine must be out of order.（介词短语） Time is up. The class is over. (副词) The truth is that he has never been abroad. （表语从句） （四） 宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面,和及物 Object 动词一起说明主语“做什么”，由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式和宾语从句。如： They went to see an exhibition yesterday. （名词） The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time. （代词） How many dictionaries do you have? I have three. （数词） They helped the old with their housework yesterday. （名词化形容词） He pretended not to see me. （不定式） I enjoy listening to popular music. （动名词） I think (that) he is fit for this job. （宾语从句） 宾语种类： < 1 > 双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如： Lend me your dictionary, please. =Lend your dictionary to me, please. 间宾 直宾 直宾 间宾 ※ 有的动词后面可接双宾语，包括常用来指人的间接宾语和常用来指物的直接宾语 可带双宾语的动词有bring, give, show, send, pass, tell, lend, offer, buy, make, do等。 “七 给” 一 “带” to不少, “ 买 ” 画 “ 制作” for来了。 带双宾语的及物动词,如果把直接宾语置于间接宾语之前,必须在变换时加“to”或“for”。这11个及物动词可以概括如下： 1、“七给”(give, pass, lend, write, show, send, hand)和“带”(bring) 8个及物动词,在直接宾语前置时,必须在后面加上“to”。即“ vt. + sth. + to + sb.” 如：He lent some money to me. 类似动词的还有：get, mail, offer,pay, promise, read, sell, take, teach等 2、“buy” (买) ；“draw” (画) ；“make” (制作) 三个动词,在直接宾语前置时,则必须在后边加“for”,构成 “vt. + sth. + for + sb.”。 如：Mother bought a new dress for me。 类似的动词还有：build，choose, cook, cut, do, find, fix, leave, order等。 3、当直接宾语是代词时，间接宾语for和to于直接宾语之后 如：Richard made it for him。理查德为他做的这个东西 Give it to me。把它给我 4、有些动词后可单独用直接宾语、间接宾语或双宾语，如ask, teach, tell, owe, pay. I asked John. 我问约翰 I asked a question. 我问了一个问题 I asked John a question.我问了约翰一个问题 < 2 >复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语），例如： They elected him their monitor. 宾语 宾语补足语 （五）补语 宾语补足语：用来补充说明宾语的特征、状态或身份，宾语补足语可由名词、 Object Complement形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。并与宾语一起构成复合宾语 的句子成分，叫做宾语补足语。英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语， 才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make, let, see, find, name等） 或介词（如with）+ 宾语 + 宾补。例如： His father named him Dong Ming. (名词) They painted their boat white. (形容词) Let the fresh air in. （副词） I ask him to go home now. (不定式) We saw her entering the room. （现在分词） He found the door locked. （过去分词） We found everything in the lab in good order. （介词短语） We will soon make our city what your city is now. (从句) 主语补足语：对主语的补充 He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room. He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （六） 定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。 Attributive 代词、数词、副词、介词短语、不定式、分词等来充当。 Guilin is a beautiful city. （形容词） China is a developing country. （现在分词） America is a developed country. （过去分词） There are thirty women teachers in our school. （名词） His maths is very good. （形容词性物主代词） I am the last person to leave the classroom. （不定式） The teaching plan for next term has been worked out. （动名词） He is reading an article about how to learn German. （介词短语） You should do everything that I do. （定语从句） （七）状语：用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，表示行为发生的时间、 Adverbial 地点、目的、方式、程度等。一般由副词、名词、介词短语、不定式、从句或相当于副 词的词组或短语等来充当。如： Light travels most quickly. (副词性词组) He has lived in the city for ten years. （介词短语） He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination. (不定式) He is in the room making a model plane. (现在分词短语) Wait a minute. （名词） Once you begin, you must continue. （状语从句） 状语种类：时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、地点状语、方式状语、目的状语、结果状语、让步状语、 伴随状语、比较状语等。如： How about meeting again at six? （时间状语） Last night he didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain. （原因状语） I shall go there if it doesn’t rain. （条件状语从句） Mr. Smith lived on the third floor. （地点状语） She put the eggs into the basket with great care. （方式状语） She came in with a book in her hand. （伴随状语） In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. （目的状语） He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. （结果状语从句） She works very hard though she is old. （让步状语从句） I am taller than he is. （比较状语从句） （八）同位语：——同等重要的修饰语 对句子中的某一成分作进一步解释、说明，与前面的成分在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫做同位语。可以用作同位语的有：名词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、动名词和从句等。 （1）名词：We, the Chinese people, are determined to build China into a powerful and prosperous country. （2）代词：They all wanted to see him. He himself doesn’t know why. 　　 （3）数词：Are you two ready?你们俩准备好了吗? 　　 （4）不定式：Their latest proposal, to concentrate on primary education, has met with some opposition. （5）动名词：The first plan, attacking at night, was turned down. （6）of短语：The city of Rome is a attractive place. （7）从句（同位语从句）：The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 【即时检测】 1．No matter how difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this month A．谓语 B．表语 C．宾语补足语 D．状语 【答案】A 【解析】考查句子成分。句意：不管任务有多难，我们必须在这个月完成它。分析句子的成分可知，该句为no matter引导的让步状语从句，主语为“we”，谓语为“ must fulfil ”宾语为“it”，“this month”为句子的宾语，划线部分为谓语。故选A。 2．Grandma told me an interesting story last night. A．定语 B．宾语 C．状语 D．主语 【答案】C 【解析】考查句子成分分析。句意：奶奶昨晚给我讲了一个有趣的故事。根据句子成分分析可知，该句划线短语last night意为“昨晚”作句子的时间状语成分。故选C项。 3．Trees turn green when spring comes. A．谓语 B．状语 C．表语 D．定语 【答案】C 【解析】考查句子成分。句意：当春天来临时，树木变绿。分析句子结构可知，Trees为主语，turn为系动词，green为表语；when spring comes为时间状语从句，状语从句中spring为主语，comes为谓语。故选A项。 4．He made it clear that he would leave the city. A．宾语 B．表语 C．宾补 D．状语 【答案】A 【解析】考查句子成分。句意：他明确表示他要离开这个城市。He是主语，made是谓语，it是形式宾语，clear是宾语补足语，that he would leave the city是连词that引导的宾语从句作宾语。故选A项。 5．He broke a piece of glass. A．谓语 B．宾语 C．主语 D．定语 【答案】A 【解析】考查成分。句意：他打碎了一块玻璃。划线部分为谓语，主语为he；a piece of glass为宾语。故选A。 句子结构 英语句子按照其结构分为简单句、并列句和复合句 1．简单句：简单句是指只有一套主、谓结构（或并列主语和并列谓语）并且句子各成分都只由单词或短语构成的独立句子。简单句由五种基本句型构成，如下： 1） Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ （主＋系＋表） 2） Ｓ Ｖ （主＋谓） 3） Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾） 4） Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 5） Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 1）主语 + 系动词 + 表语：这种句型结构主要指谓语动词为连系动词的情况。常见的系动词有 ①be；②keep, remain, stay；③feel, taste, smell, sound, look；④seem, appear；⑤get, come, become, turn, grow, go；⑥prove, turn out等。 This is my English book. The weather is getting windy and rainy. The trouble is that they are short of money. 2) 主语 + 谓语：此句式中的谓语动词为不及物动词（短语）, 如live, travel, work, lie, arrive, stay, agree, rise, fail, succeed, happen, get up，take place, 等。其后没有宾语。因为此句型中的动词表达的意思已经很明确，所以不需要跟宾语。有时为了表示动作发生的频率、程度、原因、结果、目的、场所、时间等，可以带状语修饰动词。 Poems don't translate easily. My recent book sells very well. The sun was shining. 3) 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语：此句式中的谓语动词为及物动词（短语）, 如spend, visit, reach, forget, explain, take, discover, waste, trust, do with, look forward to, look after等，其后必须跟宾语才能使句意表达完整、准确。宾语可以由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当,如动词的-ing形式、动词不定式或从句等.。 I look forward to hearing from you soon. You can put the dishes in the kitchen. They ate what was left over. 4) 主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语：英语中有些及物动词能跟双宾语,即间接宾语(指人) 和直接宾语(指物) 。通常情况下间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。能跟双宾语的动词常见的有：give, offer, lend, teach, bring,take, return, send, hand, pass, buy, make, cook, get, sing, ask等。 The driver saved us a lot of trouble. They have offered us ＄60,000 for the house. I told him that the bus was late. 5) 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语：英语中,有些及物动词除能跟宾语外,有时还须加一个补足语,句意才能完整。宾语补足语的作用是说明宾语的动作或状态。作宾语补足语的主要是名词、形容词、动词不定式和分词,副词和介词短语等也可以用作宾语补足语。 本句型中的"宾语 + 宾语补足语",也可称之为复合宾语。宾语和宾语补足语之间有着逻辑上的主谓关系,因此,逻辑上的主谓关系乃是本句型的特点,它不同于第四基本句型中的 "间接宾语 + 直接宾语","间接宾语 + 直接宾语"之间并无逻辑上的主谓关系。 例： 1) We elected Liu Lei monitor.  2) The news made him unhappy.  3) You shouldn't let him go there alone.    4) I had the bike repaired.  5) I feel it very pleasant to be with your family.    2. 并列句：两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词或标点符号连接而成的句子叫并列句。 1）并列句的构成方式：用连接词连接，前面可加逗号。例： These flowers are white and those flowers are red. We fished all day, but we didn't catch a thing. We fished all day; we didn't catch a thing. Hurry up; it's getting late. I found a bucket, put it in the sink, and turned the tap on. I took off my coat, searched all my pockets, but couldn't find my key. 2）并列句的分类： （1）表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等连接。 e. g. The teacher’s name is Smith, and the student’s name is John. （2）表示选择，常用的连词有or, either…or…, otherwise等。 e. g. Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train. （3）表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。 e. g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. （4）表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。 e. g. August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. 注意：当几个分句并列时，如果它们之间都是并列关系，只在最后两个分句之间加并列连词and，其余分句用逗号隔开，即：“A, B, C and D”结构；如果分句之间关系各异，则需要分别加并列连词。例： The suit is new and I like its color and style but it doesn't fit me, so I can't buy it. 3. 复合句：复合句又称主从复合句，由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句为句子的主体,从句只用作句子的一个次要成分,不能独立成为一个句子。从句通常由关联词引导,并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。从句按其在复合句中的作用,分为名词性从句（主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句。 状语从句（高一学）——状语从句在句中起状语作用，修饰主句中的谓语动词、形容词或副词。 定语从句（高一学）——在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句的作用相当于形容词，用来修饰主句中的某一名词或代词或整个主句，所以，也称作形容词性从句。 名词性从句（高二学）（略） 【即时检测】 写出下面句子的基本句型。 1．Your flight will leave at 5:00 pm. 【答案】1．主语+谓语+状语（S+V+A） 【解析】考查句子结构。句意：您的航班将在下午5点起飞。“Your flight”为句子的主语，“will leave”为句子的谓语，“at 5:00 pm”为句子的时间状语。故答案为：主语+谓语+状语（S+V+A）。 2．She loves the library because she loves books. 【答案】主语+谓语+宾语+状语（S+V+O+A） 【解析】考查句子结构。句意：她喜欢图书馆，因为她喜欢书。“She”为句子的主语，“loves”为句子的谓语，“the library”为句子的宾语，“because she loves books”为原因状语从句。故答案为：主语+谓语+宾语+状语（S+V+O+A）。 3．Our grandpa often tells us stories about Chairman Mao on Sundays. 【答案】主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语+状语（S+V+IO+DO+A） 【解析】考查句子结构。句意：爷爷经常在星期天给我们讲毛主席的故事。“Our grandpa”为句子的主语，“often”为频率副词作状语，“tells”为句子的谓语，“us”为间接宾语，“stories”为直接宾语，“about Chairman Mao”为“stories”的后置定语，“on Sundays”为时间状语。故答案为：主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语+状语（S+V+IO+DO+A）。 4．To do today’s homework without the teacher’s help is very difficult. 【答案】主语+系动词+表语（S+V+P） 【解析】考查句子结构。句意：没有老师的帮助，做今天的作业是很困难的。“To do today’s homework without the teacher’s help”为句子的主语，“is”为系动词，“very difficult”为表语。故答案为：主语+系动词+表语（S+V+P）。 5．She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. 【答案】主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语+状语（S+V+O+C+A） 【解析】考查句子结构。句意：她想要孩子们在阅览室里读报纸和书。“She”为句子的主语，“likes”为谓语，“the children”为宾语，“to read newspapers and books”为宾语补足语，“in the reading-room”为地点状语。故答案为：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语+状语（S+V+O+C+A）。 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．No matter how difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this month A．谓语 B．表语 C．宾语补足语 D．状语 【答案】A 【解析】考查句子成分。句意：不管任务有多难，我们必须在这个月完成它。分析句子的成分可知，该句为no matter引导的让步状语从句，主语为“we”，谓语为“ must fulfil ”宾语为“it”，“this month”为句子的宾语，划线部分为谓语。故选A。 2．He broke a piece of glass. A．谓语 B．宾语 C．主语 D．定语 【答案】A 【解析】考查成分。句意：他打碎了一块玻璃。划线部分为谓语，主语为he；a piece of glass为宾语。故选A。 3．He made it clear that he would leave the city. A．宾语 B．表语 C．宾补 D．状语 【答案】A 【解析】考查句子成分。句意：他明确表示他要离开这个城市。He是主语，made是谓语，it是形式宾语，clear是宾语补足语，that he would leave the city是连词that引导的宾语从句作宾语。故选A项。 4．You will enjoy personal growth at high school. A．主语 B．谓语 C．宾语 D．定语 【答案】C 【解析】考查句子成分。句意：你会在高中享受个人成长。you是主语；will enjoy是谓语；personal growth是宾语；at high school是状语。故填C项。 5．All of us considered him honest. A．谓语 B．宾语 C．宾补 D．定语 【答案】C 【解析】考查句子结构。句意：我们都认为他是诚实的。分析句子可知，All of us在本句中作主语； considered为谓语；him为宾语；honest为宾补，对宾语进行补充说明。故选C项。 6．Grandma told me an interesting story last night. A．定语 B．宾语 C．状语 D．主语 【答案】C 【解析】考查句子成分分析。句意：奶奶昨晚给我讲了一个有趣的故事。根据句子成分分析可知，该句划线短语last night意为“昨晚”作句子的时间状语成分。故选C项。 7．Trees turn green when spring comes. A．谓语 B．状语 C．表语 D．定语 【答案】C 【解析】考查句子成分。句意：当春天来临时，树木变绿。分析句子结构可知，Trees为主语，turn为系动词，green为表语；when spring comes为时间状语从句，状语从句中spring为主语，comes为谓语。故选A项。 8．The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany. A．谓语 B．宾语 C．状语 D．定语 【答案】D 【解析】考查句子成分。句意：日本制造的汽车比德国制造的汽车更好。本句为主系表结构。划线词为非谓语动词，为过去分词作后置定语。表示“日本制造的汽车”。故选D。 9．The girl standing under the tree is his daughter. A．主语 B．谓语 C．宾语 D．定语 【答案】D 【解析】考查成分。句意：站在树下的那个女孩是他的女儿。划线部分为现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词girl。故选D。 10．Nowadays more and more students are working directly on the Internet where different types of course are supplied. A．状语 B．补语 C．定语 D．同位语 【答案】C 【解析】考查句子成分。句意：如今，越来越多的学生直接在互联网上学习不同类型的课程。此处划线部分为定语从句修饰先行词Internet，故选C。 二、指出下列句中画线部分是什么句子成分 1．It will be held in the school lecture hall from 3 p. m. to 5 p. m. next Friday. 【答案】状语 【解析】考查状语。句意：它将于下周五下午3点至5点在学校演讲厅举行。It 作主语；will be held作谓语；in the school lecture hall 作地点状语；from 3 p. m. to 5 p. m. 作时间状语；next Friday 作时间状语。故填状语。 2．Our hard work will finally be rewarded. 【答案】主语 【解析】考查主语。句意：我们的努力工作最后会被回报的。Our hard work作主语；will  be rewarded 作谓语；finally作状语。故填主语。 3．I won first prize in the English Speech Competition last year. 【答案】宾语 【解析】考查宾语。句意：我在去年的英语演讲比赛中赢得了一等奖。I 作主语；won作谓语；first prize作宾语；in the English Speech Competition作地点状语；last year作时间状语。故填宾语。 4．I find my room clean and tidy. 【答案】宾语补足语 【解析】考查宾语补足语。句意：我发现我的房间干净整洁。I 作主语；find 作谓语；my room作宾语；clean and tidy 作宾语补足语。故填宾语补足语。 5．I would like to give you some suggestions. 【答案】直接宾语 【解析】考查直接宾语。句意：我想给你一些建议。I作主语；would like to give 作谓语；you作间接宾语；some suggestions作直接宾语。故填直接宾语。 6．They should make use of their spare time to taste these wonderful works carefully. 【答案】状语 【解析】考查状语。句意：他们应该利用业余时间仔细品尝这些美妙的作品。They作主语；should make use of 作谓语；their spare time作宾语；to taste these wonderful works carefully作目的状语。故填状语。 7．We do sincerely hope that your health will improve soon. 【答案】宾语 【解析】考查宾语。句意：我们真诚希望您的健康会很快改善。We作主语；hope作谓语；that your health will improve soon整个句子作hope的宾语。故填宾语。 8．The question is that no one knows the location of the new hospital. 【答案】表语 【解析】考查表语。句意：问题是没人知道这个新医院的地址。The question作主语；is 作谓语；that no one knows the location of the new hospital整个句子作表语。故填表语。 9．What you said just now didn’t make me happy. 【答案】主语 【解析】考查主语。句意：你刚才所说的没有使我开心。What you said just now作整个主句的主语；didn’t make 作谓语；me作宾语；happy作宾语补足语。故填主语。 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） 一、画出下列各句中的名词/形容词/副词短语并写出其功能 1. It does not matter. 主谓 2. His face turned red. 主系表 3. He bought you a dictionary. 主谓双宾 4. He enjoys reading. 主谓宾 5. I told him that the bus was late. 主谓双宾 6. What makes him think so？ 主谓宾宾补 7. Everything looks different. 主系表 8. He showed me how to run the machine. 主谓双宾 9. They talked for half an hour. 主谓 10. We saw him out. 主谓宾宾补 11. He is growing tall and strong. 主系表 12. He asked me to come back soon. 主谓宾宾补 13. The pen writes smoothly. 主谓 14. I saw them getting on the bus at that time. 主谓宾宾补 15. Its economy has developed rapidly in the past ten years. 主谓 16. He looked unhappy at that time. 主系表 17. It is getting darker and darker. 主系表 18. I studied in Guangming Primary School from 1984 to 1990. 主谓 19. This morning we met at the school gate and went there together. 主谓 20. He used to get up early in the morning. 主谓 21. Last year I won first prize in the school computer competition. 主谓宾 二、选出下面句子的基本句型，把正确选项字母写在横线上。 A．主谓宾宾(SVOO)    B．主谓宾补(SVOC) C．主系表(SVP)    D．主谓状(SVA) E.主谓宾状(SVOA) 1．Your flight will leave at 5:00 pm. 【答案】D 【解析】考查句子成分。句意：您的航班将于下午5点起飞。分析句子可知，Your flight 为主语；will leave为谓语；at 5:00 pm为时间状语。故选D项。 2．She loves the library because she loves books. 【答案】E 【解析】考查句子成分。句意：她喜欢图书馆，因为她喜欢书。分析句子可知，She为主语；loves 为谓语；the library 为宾语；because she loves books为原因状语。故选E项。 3．Our grandpa often tells us stories about Chairman Mao on Sundays. 【答案】A 【解析】考查句子成分。句意：我们爷爷经常在星期天告诉我们讲毛主席的故事。分析句子可知，Our grandpa为主语； tells为谓语； us为间接宾语；stories about Chairman Mao 为直接宾语。故选A项。 4．To do today’s homework without the teacher’s help is very difficult. 【答案】C 【解析】考查句子成分。句意：没有老师的帮助做今天的家庭作业很难。分析句子可知，To do today’s homework without the teacher’s help 为主语；is为系动词； very difficult为表语。故选C项。 5．She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. 【答案】B 【解析】考查句子成分。句意：她喜欢孩子们在阅览室看报纸和书。分析句子可知，She为主语； likes为谓语； the children 为宾语； to read newspapers and books in the reading-room为宾补。故选B项。 三、补全或完成句子 1．听从他的建议，你就会找到一种解决这一难题的方法。 a way to settle the tough problem. 【答案】Follow his advice, and you will find 【详解】考查短语和祈使句。follow one’s advice听从某人的建议；句中用“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”，陈述句中的时态用一般将来时。根据句意，故填Follow his advice，and you will find。 2．安全起见，离开家前要确保关闭所有电器。 all electrical appliances before leaving home for the sake of safety. 【答案】 Turn off 【详解】考查动词短语。对比中英文可知，空处表示“关闭”，其宾语为all electrical appliances，因此用动词短语turn off，且句子为祈使句，动词turn应用原形，第一空位于句首，首字母需大写。故填①Turn；②off。 3．汤姆，你能帮我照看一下手提箱吗? Tom, watch my suitcase for a minute? 【答案】could you 【详解】考查疑问句和情态动词。根据中英文提示并分析句子可知，句式是一般疑问句，用could表示“能够”，且语气委婉，主语you，情态动词置于主语前构成一般疑问句，故填could you。 4．你认为我们不会说英语，对吗? You don’t think we can speak English, ? 【答案】do you 【详解】考查反义疑问句。分析句子，设空处为反义疑问部分；陈述部分是主从复合句，主句主语是you，谓语动词是don’t think，反义疑部分遵循前否后肯原则，用助动词do，疑问部分的主语和主句主语一致。故填do you。 5．如家里电线损坏，请关掉电源。 electrical power if there is damage to your house electrical wiring. 【答案】 Switch off 【详解】考查动词短语。根据中文提示可知，表示“关掉”可用switch off，为动词短语，在本句中用动词原形，构成祈使句，且位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Switch off。 6．当你陷入困境时，立即向我求助。 When you get into trouble, don’t . 【答案】hesitate to ask me for help 【详解】考查祈使句和不定式。根据中英文提示并分析句子结构可知，空处为祈使句，don't hesitate to do sth.“毫不犹豫做某事”可表达“立即做某事”，ask sb. for help“向某人求助”，故填hesitate to ask me for help。 7． , and I will tell you what you are. 告诉我你吃什么，我就能说出你是个什么样的人。 【答案】Tell me what you eat 【详解】考查宾语从句、祈使句和时态。分析句子可知使用了“祈使句+and +简单句”句型，告诉我是tell me，后面是宾语从句。根据are可知，空处宾语从句的时态为一般现在时；表示“你吃什么”用宾语从句，即what you eat，what在从句中作宾语。故填Tell me what you eat。 8．你不知道我们那段时间有多忙。 You have no idea those days. 【答案】how busy we were 【详解】考查完成句子。how引导同位语从句，用陈述语序，how是副词作状语，修饰形容词，由those days可推断用一般过去时。故填how busy we were。     9．你看的照片多么美啊! beautiful picture you are looking at! 【答案】What 【详解】考查感叹句。根据句意可知，此处应用感叹句句式。根据名词短语“a beautiful picture”可知，此处应用what引导感叹句。句首首字母应大写。故填What a。 10．你今天早上在哪里看见了李平？ that you saw Li Ping this morning? 【答案】 Where was it 【详解】考查强调句。表示“在哪里”应用where，强调句的基本句型是：it is/was+被强调部分+that+句子其他成分，此处对疑问副词where进行强调，结合时间状语this morning可知，be动词用was，此处为特殊疑问句，was位于it之前。故填①Where；②was；③it。 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 一、完成句子 1．The apples (尝起来甜). (SP) 【答案】taste sweet 【详解】考查主系表结构。句意：苹果尝起来很甜。根据句意，该句为主系表结构，一般现在时，表示客观事实，主语是“The apples”，谓语动词为系动词taste，表示“尝起来”，用复数形式，sweet为形容词，表示“甜”，作表语，故全句译为The apples taste sweet。故填taste sweet。 2．My dream (是成为一名设计师).(SP) 【答案】is to become a designer 【详解】考查主系表结构和动词不定式。句意：我的梦想是成为一名设计师。根据句意，该句为主系表结构，谓语为be动词，应用一般现在时，表示客观事实，主语是“My dream”，故谓语为is；“设计师”的英文表达为名词designer，“成为一名设计师”to become a designer，在句中作表语，故全句译为My dream is to become a designer.。故填is to become a designer。 3．In order to keep healthy, (我们应该定期锻炼). (主语＋谓语) 【答案】we should exercise regularly 【详解】考查动词。表示“我们”应用we，作主语；表示“应该”应用should；表示“锻炼”应用exercise，位于情态动词后面，使用动词原形，作谓语；表示“定期”应用副词regularly作状语。故填we should exercise regularly。 4．Tom (给我买了生日礼物) . (SVIODO) 【答案】bought me a birthday gift 【详解】考查动词、时态和句子结构。句意：汤姆给我买了生日礼物。buy sb. sth. (给某人买某物)，谓语“买”用动词buy，讲述过去的事情用一般过去时态bought，间接宾语“我”用宾格人称代词me，直接宾语“生日礼物”用名词词组a birthday gift，构成“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”句型，符合提示中SVIODO结构。故填bought me a birthday gift。 5．We believe that he is honest. （用"believe+宾语+宾补"结构改写句子） 【答案】We believe him to be honest. 【详解】分析原句可知，believe后是that引导的宾语从句，将句子转换为"believe+宾语+宾补"结构，其中“宾语”是him，honest做him的补足语，故改为We believe him to be honest. 6．积极的态度让我们愉悦和健康。(make+宾语+宾补） A positive attitude . 【答案】makes us happy and healthy 【详解】考查动词+复合宾语。本句描述一般规律，用一般现在时。用“make+宾语+宾补”表示“让我们愉悦和健康”为make us happy and healthy，us为宾语，并列的形容词happy and healthy为宾语补足语。主语为单数，主谓一致。故填makes us happy and healthy。 7．(他的爸爸给他买了一本字典) as a present. (S+V+InO+DO) 【答案】His father bought him a dictionary 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：他父亲给他买了一本字典作为礼物。表示主语“他的爸爸”为his father，表示“给他买了一本字典”为动词短语buy him a dictionary，buy+双宾语，him是间接宾语，a dictionary为直接宾语。根据句意可知，本句描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填His father bought him a dictionary。 8．Every morning we can hear him (大声朗读英语).(SVOC) 【答案】reading English loudly 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：每天早上我们都能听到他大声朗读英语。动词短语read English loudly表示“大声朗读英语”，在句中作宾补，与“him”为主动关系，表示正在进行的动作，应用现在分词形式。故填reading English loudly。 9．We find that it is important to learn a foreign language well. （用"find + 宾语 + 宾补"结构改写句子） 【答案】We find it important to learn a foreign language well. 【详解】分析原句可知，find后是that引导的宾语从句，将句子转换为"find + 宾语 + 宾补"结构，其中“宾语”是形式宾语，用it，important做宾补，说明宾语的性质或状态，句子真正的宾语是to learn a foreign language well。故改为We find it important to learn a foreign language well. 10．他总是把他的卧室收拾得干干净净。(主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语) He always . 【答案】keeps his bedroom clean. 【详解】考查简单句基本结构“主谓宾宾补”。分析句子结构可知，该句可使用“主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”。根据汉语提示，“让……保持干净”可译为keep sth clean，该短语中，clean作宾补，根据句意，“他的卧室”可译为his bedroom，分析语境可知，该句用一般现在 时态，主语为he，故谓语动词（keep）应用第三人称单数形式，即keeps，故该句可填keeps his bedroom clean。 11．这药能保证你睡一夜好觉。（简单句） This medicine . 【答案】will ensure you a good night’s sleep 【详解】考查时态。根据汉意，“保证”译为ensure，可接双宾语，且表示某种属性，应为结合情态动词will；“你”译为you，为间接宾语；“睡一夜好觉”译为a good night’s sleep，为直接宾语。故填will ensure you a good night’s sleep。 12．Speak louder, ? (将句子补充完整，使其成为一个反义疑问句) 【答案】will you/won’t you 【详解】考查反义疑问句。句意：说高一点，好吗？Speak louder为肯定祈使句，反义疑问句结构为will/won’t you。故填will/won’t you。 13．多亏了这次比赛和我朋友的帮助，我现在在舞台上感觉很放松，说话时也很自信。(并列句结构) Thanks to the contest and the help of my friend, I now . 【答案】 feel relaxed on stage and confident when I speak 【详解】考查简单句之主系表结构及时态。句子陈述目前事实，应用一般现在时；根据句意及所给句子可知，“在舞台上感觉很放松，说话时也很自信”译为feel relaxed on stage and confident when I speak。 14．多努力一些， 我相信你会实现你的梦想的。（祈使句） , and I believe you will realize your dream. 【答案】Make a little bit more effort 【详解】考查祈使句。表示“多努力一些”的意思，使用动词短语make effort表示“努力”，“更多一些的”a little bit more，此处为祈使句，将动词原形形式置于句首，make首字母大写。故填Make a little bit more effort。 15．这是多么有趣的一个故事啊！（感叹句） story it is! 【答案】What an interesting 【详解】考查感叹句。此处为感叹句： What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+其他，表示“有趣的”用形容词interesting，是发音以元音音素开头的单词用冠词an。故填What an interesting。 链接高考（测试时间：15分钟） 1. (2025浙江1月卷) Customers today look past the fact that something is secondhand and focus instead on the fact that they have something unique to wear are not overstuffing their own wardrobes (衣柜) or contributing to landfill. 【答案】and 【解析】考查并列连词。句意为：如今的顾客不再在意衣物是否二手，而是关注这样的事实：他们有独特的衣服穿，同时还不会让自己的衣柜过于拥挤，也不会为垃圾填埋场制造垃圾。结合句意及分析句子结构可知，空白处缺少连词连接两个并列成分have和are not overstuffing，故填and。 2.（2025全国一卷）An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：上海久事美术馆正在举办一场展览，展出的艺术品灵感来自围棋（中文称为“围棋”），它起源4000多年前的中国。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词为Go, or weiqi in Chinese，指物，且关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。 3.（2025浙江1月卷）Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, __ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period. 【答案】 which 【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词clothing，并在从句中作package和offer的宾语，故填which。 4.（2025北京卷）However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists _ (leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, __ accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. 【答案】 which 【解析】考查定语从句关系代词。句意：然而，根据世界野生动物基金会的一份报告，去年游客留下了超过13亿吨的食物垃圾，约占2024年全球气体排放总量的8%。此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是“1.3 billion tons of food waste”，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用which引导。故填which。 5.（2024新课标I卷）The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route __ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. 【答案】which/that 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：Mark Woodruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词design，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。 6.（2023年天津6月卷）_________ you are old enough to make your own judgement, you should start to pursue your career. A．Even if B．As though C．Ever since D．Now that 【答案】D 【解析】考查原因状语从句。句意：既然你已经长大了，可以自己做判断了，你应该开始追求你的事业了。A. Even if即使；B. As though好像；C. Ever since自从；D. Now that既然。根据“you should start to pursue your career.”可知，主从句之间为因果关系，所以此处使用“既然”符合逻辑，表示“既然你已经长大，有能力自己做判断”，故选D项。 7.（2023新课标II卷）It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop __ to see the pandas settle into their new home. 【答案】 and 【解析】考查并列连词。句意：我很荣幸能看到熊猫项目的发展，看到熊猫们在新家安顿下来。分析句子结构可知，“to watch the panda programme develop”和“to see the pandas settle into their new home”两者是并列关系，应该用and连接。故填and。 8.（2022新课标II卷）He hung on for a few minutes _________ screamed for his father, but his father didn't hear him. 【答案】and 【解析】考查并列连词。句意：他坚持了几分钟，尖叫喊着他的父亲，但他的父亲没有听到他。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写连词，连接hung和screamed两个动作。根据句意，此处表示并列关系。故填and。 9.（2022全国乙卷）The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation _________ cultural exchanges. 【答案】and 【解析】考查并列连词。句意：仪式上发布的“首个国际茶日万里茶道合作倡议”呼吁茶业人士团结起来，促进国际合作和文化交流。名词international cooperation和cultural exchanges为并列成分，作动词promote的宾语。故填and。 10.（2021全国I卷）Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure _________offers a place where you can sit down to rest your aching legs. 【答案】 and 【解析】考查并列连词。句意为：虽然这是你上山途中唯一不自然的事情,但它仍然突出了整个冒险,并提供了一个地方,你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的腿。前后是并列关系,所以用and连接,故填and. 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 句子成分与基本句型（期中复习讲义） 考情分析 【考向透视】 分析近年高考真题可知，高考对句子种类考查全面。在听力中对句子功用考查居多。在阅读理解和完形填空中，熟练掌握句子结构和种类是迅速读懂文章的基本保证。长难句中对并列句和复合句的综合考查也呈上升趋势。语法填空中对并列句和复合句的考查几乎每年都会涉及到。写作中读懂原文，熟练写出符合逻辑且结构正确的句子也是得得分的必备保障。 【复习目标】 1. 掌握句子成分、句子的基本结构和类型。 2.熟练运用表示不同逻辑关系的并列连词。 3..强化在复杂语境中理解长难句的能力。 句子成分 主要成分：主语 和 谓语 次要成分：表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等 （一）主语：主语是一个句子的主要成分，也是句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首 Subject 表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”。一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名 词化的形容词和主语从句等充当。 注意：在there be结构、疑问（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语动词、助动词或情态动词后面。 例如：Tom is a good boy. (名词) We often speak English in class. (代词) One-third of the students in this class are girls. (数词) To swim in the river is a great pleasure. (不定式) Smoking does harm to the health. (动名词) The rich should help the poor. (名词化形容词) When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. (主语从句) It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it为形式主语，真正的主语是不定式) （二）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。说明主语“做什么”、 Predicate “是什么”或“怎么样”，一般由动词或动词短语来充当，一般放在主语之后。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。谓语的构成如下： 1. 简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。例如： I like apples. ( 动词 ) He practices running every morning. （动词短语） 2. 复合谓语：（1）由（情态动词或其他助动词+动词原形）构成； 例如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由（系动词+表语）构成。 We are having a quick breakfast. （三） 表语：表语用于说明主语的性质、身份、特征和状态等，说明主语“是什么” Predicative 或“怎么样”。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短 语、副词及从句充当。它一般位于系动词（如be, keep, remain, become, get. grow, turn, look, seem, feel, smell, sound, taste等）之后。表语须和连系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语，即成系表结构。 如： My mother is a doctor. (名词) Is it yours? (代词) The weather has turned cold. （形容词） The speech is exciting. （现在分词） The door is closed. （过去分词） Three times seven is twenty one. （数词） His job is to teach English. （不定式） His hobby is playing football. （动名词） The machine must be out of order.（介词短语） Time is up. The class is over. (副词) The truth is that he has never been abroad. （表语从句） （四） 宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面,和及物 Object 动词一起说明主语“做什么”，由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式和宾语从句。如： They went to see an exhibition yesterday. （名词） The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time. （代词） How many dictionaries do you have? I have three. （数词） They helped the old with their housework yesterday. （名词化形容词） He pretended not to see me. （不定式） I enjoy listening to popular music. （动名词） I think (that) he is fit for this job. （宾语从句） 宾语种类： < 1 > 双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如： Lend me your dictionary, please. =Lend your dictionary to me, please. 间宾 直宾 直宾 间宾 ※ 有的动词后面可接双宾语，包括常用来指人的间接宾语和常用来指物的直接宾语 可带双宾语的动词有bring, give, show, send, pass, tell, lend, offer, buy, make, do等。 “七 给” 一 “带” to不少, “ 买 ” 画 “ 制作” for来了。 带双宾语的及物动词,如果把直接宾语置于间接宾语之前,必须在变换时加“to”或“for”。这11个及物动词可以概括如下： 1、“七给”(give, pass, lend, write, show, send, hand)和“带”(bring) 8个及物动词,在直接宾语前置时,必须在后面加上“to”。即“ vt. + sth. + to + sb.” 如：He lent some money to me. 类似动词的还有：get, mail, offer,pay, promise, read, sell, take, teach等 2、“buy” (买) ；“draw” (画) ；“make” (制作) 三个动词,在直接宾语前置时,则必须在后边加“for”,构成 “vt. + sth. + for + sb.”。 如：Mother bought a new dress for me。 类似的动词还有：build，choose, cook, cut, do, find, fix, leave, order等。 3、当直接宾语是代词时，间接宾语for和to于直接宾语之后 如：Richard made it for him。理查德为他做的这个东西 Give it to me。把它给我 4、有些动词后可单独用直接宾语、间接宾语或双宾语，如ask, teach, tell, owe, pay. I asked John. 我问约翰 I asked a question. 我问了一个问题 I asked John a question.我问了约翰一个问题 < 2 >复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语），例如： They elected him their monitor. 宾语 宾语补足语 （五）补语 宾语补足语：用来补充说明宾语的特征、状态或身份，宾语补足语可由名词、 Object Complement形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。并与宾语一起构成复合宾语 的句子成分，叫做宾语补足语。英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语， 才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make, let, see, find, name等） 或介词（如with）+ 宾语 + 宾补。例如： His father named him Dong Ming. (名词) They painted their boat white. (形容词) Let the fresh air in. （副词） I ask him to go home now. (不定式) We saw her entering the room. （现在分词） He found the door locked. （过去分词） We found everything in the lab in good order. （介词短语） We will soon make our city what your city is now. (从句) 主语补足语：对主语的补充 He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room. He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （六） 定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。 Attributive 代词、数词、副词、介词短语、不定式、分词等来充当。 Guilin is a beautiful city. （形容词） China is a developing country. （现在分词） America is a developed country. （过去分词） There are thirty women teachers in our school. （名词） His maths is very good. （形容词性物主代词） I am the last person to leave the classroom. （不定式） The teaching plan for next term has been worked out. （动名词） He is reading an article about how to learn German. （介词短语） You should do everything that I do. （定语从句） （七）状语：用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，表示行为发生的时间、 Adverbial 地点、目的、方式、程度等。一般由副词、名词、介词短语、不定式、从句或相当于副 词的词组或短语等来充当。如： Light travels most quickly. (副词性词组) He has lived in the city for ten years. （介词短语） He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination. (不定式) He is in the room making a model plane. (现在分词短语) Wait a minute. （名词） Once you begin, you must continue. （状语从句） 状语种类：时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、地点状语、方式状语、目的状语、结果状语、让步状语、 伴随状语、比较状语等。如： How about meeting again at six? （时间状语） Last night he didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain. （原因状语） I shall go there if it doesn’t rain. （条件状语从句） Mr. Smith lived on the third floor. （地点状语） She put the eggs into the basket with great care. （方式状语） She came in with a book in her hand. （伴随状语） In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. （目的状语） He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. （结果状语从句） She works very hard though she is old. （让步状语从句） I am taller than he is. （比较状语从句） （八）同位语：——同等重要的修饰语 对句子中的某一成分作进一步解释、说明，与前面的成分在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫做同位语。可以用作同位语的有：名词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、动名词和从句等。 （1）名词：We, the Chinese people, are determined to build China into a powerful and prosperous country. （2）代词：They all wanted to see him. He himself doesn’t know why. 　　 （3）数词：Are you two ready?你们俩准备好了吗? 　　 （4）不定式：Their latest proposal, to concentrate on primary education, has met with some opposition. （5）动名词：The first plan, attacking at night, was turned down. （6）of短语：The city of Rome is a attractive place. （7）从句（同位语从句）：The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 【即时检测】 1．No matter how difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this month A．谓语 B．表语 C．宾语补足语 D．状语 2．Grandma told me an interesting story last night. A．定语 B．宾语 C．状语 D．主语 3．Trees turn green when spring comes. A．谓语 B．状语 C．表语 D．定语 4．He made it clear that he would leave the city. A．宾语 B．表语 C．宾补 D．状语 5．He broke a piece of glass. A．谓语 B．宾语 C．主语 D．定语 句子结构 英语句子按照其结构分为简单句、并列句和复合句 1．简单句：简单句是指只有一套主、谓结构（或并列主语和并列谓语）并且句子各成分都只由单词或短语构成的独立句子。简单句由五种基本句型构成，如下： 1） Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ （主＋系＋表） 2） Ｓ Ｖ （主＋谓） 3） Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾） 4） Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 5） Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 1）主语 + 系动词 + 表语：这种句型结构主要指谓语动词为连系动词的情况。常见的系动词有 ①be；②keep, remain, stay；③feel, taste, smell, sound, look；④seem, appear；⑤get, come, become, turn, grow, go；⑥prove, turn out等。 This is my English book. The weather is getting windy and rainy. The trouble is that they are short of money. 2) 主语 + 谓语：此句式中的谓语动词为不及物动词（短语）, 如live, travel, work, lie, arrive, stay, agree, rise, fail, succeed, happen, get up，take place, 等。其后没有宾语。因为此句型中的动词表达的意思已经很明确，所以不需要跟宾语。有时为了表示动作发生的频率、程度、原因、结果、目的、场所、时间等，可以带状语修饰动词。 Poems don't translate easily. My recent book sells very well. The sun was shining. 3) 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语：此句式中的谓语动词为及物动词（短语）, 如spend, visit, reach, forget, explain, take, discover, waste, trust, do with, look forward to, look after等，其后必须跟宾语才能使句意表达完整、准确。宾语可以由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当,如动词的-ing形式、动词不定式或从句等.。 I look forward to hearing from you soon. You can put the dishes in the kitchen. They ate what was left over. 4) 主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语：英语中有些及物动词能跟双宾语,即间接宾语(指人) 和直接宾语(指物) 。通常情况下间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。能跟双宾语的动词常见的有：give, offer, lend, teach, bring,take, return, send, hand, pass, buy, make, cook, get, sing, ask等。 The driver saved us a lot of trouble. They have offered us ＄60,000 for the house. I told him that the bus was late. 5) 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语：英语中,有些及物动词除能跟宾语外,有时还须加一个补足语,句意才能完整。宾语补足语的作用是说明宾语的动作或状态。作宾语补足语的主要是名词、形容词、动词不定式和分词,副词和介词短语等也可以用作宾语补足语。 本句型中的"宾语 + 宾语补足语",也可称之为复合宾语。宾语和宾语补足语之间有着逻辑上的主谓关系,因此,逻辑上的主谓关系乃是本句型的特点,它不同于第四基本句型中的 "间接宾语 + 直接宾语","间接宾语 + 直接宾语"之间并无逻辑上的主谓关系。 例： 1) We elected Liu Lei monitor.  2) The news made him unhappy.  3) You shouldn't let him go there alone.    4) I had the bike repaired.  5) I feel it very pleasant to be with your family.    2. 并列句：两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词或标点符号连接而成的句子叫并列句。 1）并列句的构成方式：用连接词连接，前面可加逗号。例： These flowers are white and those flowers are red. We fished all day, but we didn't catch a thing. We fished all day; we didn't catch a thing. Hurry up; it's getting late. I found a bucket, put it in the sink, and turned the tap on. I took off my coat, searched all my pockets, but couldn't find my key. 2）并列句的分类： （1）表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等连接。 e. g. The teacher’s name is Smith, and the student’s name is John. （2）表示选择，常用的连词有or, either…or…, otherwise等。 e. g. Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train. （3）表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。 e. g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. （4）表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。 e. g. August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. 注意：当几个分句并列时，如果它们之间都是并列关系，只在最后两个分句之间加并列连词and，其余分句用逗号隔开，即：“A, B, C and D”结构；如果分句之间关系各异，则需要分别加并列连词。例： The suit is new and I like its color and style but it doesn't fit me, so I can't buy it. 3. 复合句：复合句又称主从复合句，由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句为句子的主体,从句只用作句子的一个次要成分,不能独立成为一个句子。从句通常由关联词引导,并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。从句按其在复合句中的作用,分为名词性从句（主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句。 状语从句（高一学）——状语从句在句中起状语作用，修饰主句中的谓语动词、形容词或副词。 定语从句（高一学）——在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句的作用相当于形容词，用来修饰主句中的某一名词或代词或整个主句，所以，也称作形容词性从句。 名词性从句（高二学）（略） 【即时检测】 写出下面句子的基本句型。 1．Your flight will leave at 5:00 pm. 2．She loves the library because she loves books. 3．Our grandpa often tells us stories about Chairman Mao on Sundays. 4．To do today’s homework without the teacher’s help is very difficult. 5．She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．No matter how difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this month A．谓语 B．表语 C．宾语补足语 D．状语 2．He broke a piece of glass. A．谓语 B．宾语 C．主语 D．定语 3．He made it clear that he would leave the city. A．宾语 B．表语 C．宾补 D．状语 4．You will enjoy personal growth at high school. A．主语 B．谓语 C．宾语 D．定语 5．All of us considered him honest. A．谓语 B．宾语 C．宾补 D．定语 6．Grandma told me an interesting story last night. A．定语 B．宾语 C．状语 D．主语 7．Trees turn green when spring comes. A．谓语 B．状语 C．表语 D．定语 8．The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany. A．谓语 B．宾语 C．状语 D．定语 9．The girl standing under the tree is his daughter. A．主语 B．谓语 C．宾语 D．定语 10．Nowadays more and more students are working directly on the Internet where different types of course are supplied. A．状语 B．补语 C．定语 D．同位语 二、指出下列句中画线部分是什么句子成分 1．It will be held in the school lecture hall from 3 p. m. to 5 p. m. next Friday. 2．Our hard work will finally be rewarded. 3．I won first prize in the English Speech Competition last year. 4．I find my room clean and tidy. 5．I would like to give you some suggestions. 6．They should make use of their spare time to taste these wonderful works carefully. 7．We do sincerely hope that your health will improve soon. 8．The question is that no one knows the location of the new hospital. 9．What you said just now didn’t make me happy. 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） 一、画出下列各句中的名词/形容词/副词短语并写出其功能 1. It does not matter. 2. His face turned red. 3. He bought you a dictionary. 4. He enjoys reading. 5. I told him that the bus was late. 6. What makes him think so？7. Everything looks different. 8. He showed me how to run the machine. 9. They talked for half an hour. 10. We saw him out. 11. He is growing tall and strong. 12. He asked me to come back soon. 13. The pen writes smoothly. 14. I saw them getting on the bus at that time. 15. Its economy has developed rapidly in the past ten years. 16. He looked unhappy at that time. 17. It is getting darker and darker. 18. I studied in Guangming Primary School from 1984 to 1990. 19. This morning we met at the school gate and went there together. 20. He used to get up early in the morning. 21. Last year I won first prize in the school computer competition. 二、选出下面句子的基本句型，把正确选项字母写在横线上。 A．主谓宾宾(SVOO)    B．主谓宾补(SVOC) C．主系表(SVP)    D．主谓状(SVA) E.主谓宾状(SVOA) 1．Your flight will leave at 5:00 pm. 2．She loves the library because she loves books. 3．Our grandpa often tells us stories about Chairman Mao on Sundays. 4．To do today’s homework without the teacher’s help is very difficult. 5．She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. 三、补全或完成句子 1．听从他的建议，你就会找到一种解决这一难题的方法。 a way to settle the tough problem. 2．安全起见，离开家前要确保关闭所有电器。 all electrical appliances before leaving home for the sake of safety. 3．汤姆，你能帮我照看一下手提箱吗? Tom, watch my suitcase for a minute? 4．你认为我们不会说英语，对吗? You don’t think we can speak English, ? 5．如家里电线损坏，请关掉电源。 electrical power if there is damage to your house electrical wiring. 6．当你陷入困境时，立即向我求助。 When you get into trouble, don’t . 7． , and I will tell you what you are. 告诉我你吃什么，我就能说出你是个什么样的人。 8．你不知道我们那段时间有多忙。 You have no idea those days. 9．你看的照片多么美啊! beautiful picture you are looking at! 10．你今天早上在哪里看见了李平？ that you saw Li Ping this morning? 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 一、完成句子 1．The apples (尝起来甜). (SP) 2．My dream (是成为一名设计师).(SP) 3．In order to keep healthy, (我们应该定期锻炼). (主语＋谓语) 4．Tom (给我买了生日礼物) . (SVIODO) 5．We believe that he is honest. （用"believe+宾语+宾补"结构改写句子） 6．积极的态度让我们愉悦和健康。(make+宾语+宾补） A positive attitude . 7．(他的爸爸给他买了一本字典) as a present. (S+V+InO+DO) 8．Every morning we can hear him (大声朗读英语).(SVOC) 9．We find that it is important to learn a foreign language well. （用"find + 宾语 + 宾补"结构改写句子） 10．他总是把他的卧室收拾得干干净净。(主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语) He always . 11．这药能保证你睡一夜好觉。（简单句） This medicine . 12．Speak louder, ? (将句子补充完整，使其成为一个反义疑问句) 13．多亏了这次比赛和我朋友的帮助，我现在在舞台上感觉很放松，说话时也很自信。(并列句结构) Thanks to the contest and the help of my friend, I now . 14．多努力一些， 我相信你会实现你的梦想的。（祈使句） , and I believe you will realize your dream. 15．这是多么有趣的一个故事啊！（感叹句） story it is! 链接高考（测试时间：15分钟） 1. (2025浙江1月卷) Customers today look past the fact that something is secondhand and focus instead on the fact that they have something unique to wear are not overstuffing their own wardrobes (衣柜) or contributing to landfill. 2.（2025全国一卷）An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. 3.（2025浙江1月卷）Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, __ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period. 4.（2025北京卷）However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists _ (leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, __ accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. 5.（2024新课标I卷）The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route __ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. 6.（2023年天津6月卷）_________ you are old enough to make your own judgement, you should start to pursue your career. A．Even if B．As though C．Ever since D．Now that 7.（2023新课标II卷）It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop __ to see the pandas settle into their new home. 8.（2022新课标II卷）He hung on for a few minutes _________ screamed for his father, but his father didn't hear him. 9.（2022全国乙卷）The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation _________ cultural exchanges. 10.（2021全国I卷）Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure _________offers a place where you can sit down to rest your aching legs. 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $