摘要:
该高中英语选择性必修4 Unit 3 “Sea Exploration”词汇清单系统梳理了与海洋探索相关的48个核心单词及短语,涵盖航海术语、历史人物、文化背景和高频考点,构建了从“基础词义理解”到“语境应用拓展”再到“跨文化认知深化”的三层学习支架。
清单通过分类整理、分级标注和关联记忆等方式呈现知识体系,如将“set sail”“manned submersible”等重点短语设为星级标记,并用“词根解析+例句对比”强化理解,体现语言能力与思维品质的融合。特别设计“单词速记口诀”如“‘与海运相关’→海上货运的”,帮助学生快速掌握派生规律;设置“经典例句+应用场景提示”,如“in hand”用于描述项目进度,提升实际运用能力。此清单既便于学生自主复习巩固,又为教师精准教学提供清晰路径,助力核心素养落地。
内容正文:
人教版 选择性必修4 Unit 3 Sea exploration.同步词汇笔记
序号
单词
派生词
核心考点
单词速记
经典例句
1
tale /teɪl/ n. 故事;叙述
无(高中阶段常见派生词)
1. a tale of adventure(冒险故事)2. tell a tale(讲故事)
“与‘story’近义,更侧重‘叙述性故事’”
She told her children a fascinating tale about a magical forest.(她给孩子们讲了一个关于魔法森林的精彩故事。)
2
merchant /ˈmɜːtʃənt/ n. 商人;批发商;adj. 海上货运的
1. merchandise /ˈmɜːtʃəndaɪs/ n. 商品;货物2. mercantile /ˈmɜːkəntaɪl/ adj. 商业的(少见)
1. a merchant ship(商船,adj.用法)2. a foreign merchant(外国商人,n.用法)
“‘做买卖的人’→商人;‘与海运相关的’→海上货运的”
In ancient times, merchant ships carried silk and tea from China to Europe.(古代,商船将丝绸和茶叶从中国运往欧洲。)
3
set sail 起航;开航
无(短语)
set sail for(起航前往某地,如set sail for America)
“‘扬起帆’→起航”
The explorer’s ship set sail for the unknown island at sunrise.(日出时,探险家的船起航前往那座未知的岛屿。)
4
extend /ɪkˈstend/ vt. 扩展;使伸长;延长
1. extension /ɪkˈstenʃn/ n. 延伸;延期2. extensive /ɪkˈstensɪv/ adj. 广泛的
1. extend sth to sb(向某人提供某物,如extend an invitation)2. extend the deadline(延长截止日期)
“‘向外伸’→扩展;‘拉长时间’→延长”
The school decided to extend the opening hours of the library to 9 p.m.(学校决定将图书馆的开放时间延长到晚上9点。)
5
negotiate /nɪˈɡəʊʃieɪt/ vt. 商定;达成(协议);vi. 谈判;磋商
negotiation /nɪˌɡəʊʃiˈeɪʃn/ n. 谈判;协商
1. negotiate with sb about sth(就某事与某人谈判)2. negotiate a deal(达成交易)
“‘通过讨论达成一致’→谈判;商定”
The two companies negotiated with each other for months to reach a cooperation agreement.(两家公司谈判了数月,最终达成合作协议。)
6
fleet /fliːt/ n. 舰队;机群;车队
无(高中阶段常见派生词)
1. a fleet of ships(舰队)2. a fleet of planes/cars(机群/车队)
“‘一组交通工具’→舰队/机群/车队”
The navy sent a large fleet to protect the coastal areas.(海军派遣了一支庞大的舰队保护沿海地区。)
7
behold /bɪˈhəʊld/ vt. (beheld, beheld) 看;看见
beholding /bɪˈhəʊldɪŋ/ adj. 引人注目的(少见)
behold sth with surprise/wonder(惊讶地看着某物)
“过去式/过去分词为beheld,‘正式地看’→看见”
When she opened the door, she beheld a beautiful bouquet of flowers on the table.(她打开门时,看见桌上放着一束漂亮的花。)
8
league /liːɡ/ n. 等级;水平;联合会;联赛
无(高中阶段常见派生词)
1. in a league of one’s own(独领风骚,固定短语)2. the Premier League(英超联赛);league table(排名表)
“‘组织团体’→联赛/联合会;‘水平层级’→等级”
His painting skills are so excellent that he is in a league of his own among his classmates.(他的绘画技巧极佳,在同学中独领风骚。)
9
royal /ˈrɔɪəl/ adj. 皇家的;王室的;高贵的
1. royalty /ˈrɔɪəlti/ n. 王室成员;版权费2. royal family(王室,固定短语)
1. royal palace(皇宫)2. royal wedding(王室婚礼)
“‘与国王/女王相关的’→皇家的”
Thousands of people gathered on the street to watch the royal parade.(成千上万的人聚集在街道上观看皇家游行。)
10
spice /spaɪs/ n. (调味) 香料;趣味
spicy /ˈspaɪsi/ adj. 辛辣的;有趣的
1. mixed spices(混合香料)2. add spice to(给……增添趣味,如add spice to life)
“‘调味的粉末’→香料;‘增加趣味’→趣味”
She added some exotic spices to the soup to make it more flavorful.(她在汤里加了些异国香料,让味道更浓郁。)
11
withdraw /wɪðˈdrɔː/ vi. & vt. (withdrew, withdrawn)(使)撤回;撤离
withdrawal /wɪðˈdrɔːəl/ n. 撤回;提款
1. withdraw from(退出;撤回,如withdraw from the competition)2. withdraw money(提款)
“‘往回拉’→撤回;‘取出钱’→提款”
He decided to withdraw from the project due to personal reasons.(由于个人原因,他决定退出这个项目。)
12
channel /ˈtʃænl/ n. 航道;海峡;频道
无(高中阶段常见派生词)
1. the English Channel(英吉利海峡)2. TV channel(电视频道);shipping channel(航道)
“‘水上通道’→航道/海峡;‘信号通道’→频道”
Ships must follow the marked channel to avoid running aground.(船只必须沿着标记的航道行驶,避免搁浅。)
13
maritime /ˈmærɪtaɪm/ adj. 海的;海运的;海事的
无(高中阶段常见派生词)
1. maritime trade(海运贸易)2. maritime law(海商法)
“‘与海洋/海运相关的’→海的;海运的”
This city has a long history of maritime commerce with neighboring countries.(这座城市与邻国的海运贸易历史悠久。)
14
bond /bɒnd/ n. 纽带;关系;vt. & vi. 增强信任关系;使牢固结合
bonding /ˈbɒndɪŋ/ n. 建立亲密关系(如parent-child bonding)
1. the bond between mother and child(母子间的纽带)2. bond with sb(与某人建立亲密关系)
“‘连接的力量’→纽带;‘变得亲密’→增强关系”
Shared hobbies helped them bond with each other quickly.(共同的爱好帮助他们很快建立了亲密关系。)
15
in hand 在手头;可供使用
无(短语)
1. have cash in hand(手头有现金)2. The project is now in hand.(项目目前在推进中。)
“‘在手里’→在手头;‘在掌控中’→可供使用”
She always keeps some emergency money in hand in case of unexpected expenses.(她总是手头留些应急钱,以防意外开支。)
16
politics /ˈpɒlətɪks/ n. 政治;政治观点
1. political /pəˈlɪtɪkl/ adj. 政治的2. politician /ˌpɒləˈtɪʃn/ n. 政治家
1. study politics(学习政治,不可数)2. his politics(他的政治观点,可数)
“‘学科’→政治(不可数);‘观点’→政治观点(可数)”
Politics is his favorite subject at university, and he hopes to work in government later.(政治是他大学最喜欢的学科,他希望以后在政府部门工作。)
17
profession /prəˈfeʃn/ n. 职业;行业(需专业技能)
1. professional /prəˈfeʃənl/ adj. 专业的;n. 专业人士2. by profession(就职业而言)
1. medical profession(医疗行业)2. She is a teacher by profession.(她的职业是教师。)
“‘需要专业知识的工作’→职业,区别于‘job’(泛指工作)”
Many young people are choosing careers in the tech profession.(许多年轻人选择在科技行业就业。)
18
tournament /ˈtʊənəmənt/ n. 锦标赛;联赛
无(高中阶段常见派生词)
1. tennis tournament(网球锦标赛)2. enter a tournament(参加锦标赛)
“‘有多个参赛者的正式比赛’→锦标赛”
He won first prize in the national chess tournament last year.(他去年在全国国际象棋锦标赛中获得一等奖。)
19
mixture /ˈmɪkstʃə(r)/ n. 混合;结合体;混合物
mix /mɪks/ vt. & vi. 混合;n. 混合
1. a mixture of water and oil(水和油的混合物)2. a mixture of happiness and sadness(悲喜交加的心情)
“‘混合的结果’→混合物;混合”
The dish is a delicious mixture of sweet and savory flavors.(这道菜是甜味和咸味的美味结合。)
20
laptop /ˈlæptɒp/ n. 笔记本电脑;便携式电脑
无(高中阶段常见派生词)
1. a laptop computer(笔记本电脑,完整形式)2. use a laptop(使用笔记本电脑)
“‘可以放在膝盖(lap)上的电脑’→笔记本电脑”
She carried her laptop to the café so she could work while having coffee.(她带笔记本电脑去咖啡馆,以便喝咖啡时工作。)
21
coverage /ˈkʌvərɪdʒ/ n. 新闻报道;覆盖范围
cover /ˈkʌvə(r)/ vt. 报道;覆盖;n. 封面
1. news coverage(新闻报道)2. coverage of the event(事件的报道);signal coverage(信号覆盖)
“‘覆盖的范围’→覆盖范围;‘报道的内容’→新闻报道”
The media gave extensive coverage to the environmental protection conference.(媒体对这次环境保护会议进行了广泛报道。)
22
press conference 记者招待会;新闻发布会
无(短语)
1. hold a press conference(举行记者招待会)2. attend a press conference(参加记者招待会)
“‘媒体(press)的会议(conference)’→记者招待会”
The company’s CEO held a press conference to announce the new product launch.(公司CEO举行记者招待会,宣布新产品上市。)
23
applaud /əˈplɔːd/ vt. & vi. 鼓掌;vt. 称赞;赞赏
applause /əˈplɔːz/ n. 掌声;称赞
1. applaud sb for sth(因某事称赞某人/为某人鼓掌)2. The audience applauded loudly.(观众热烈鼓掌。)
“‘用手鼓掌’→鼓掌;‘用语言称赞’→赞赏”
Everyone applauded her for her brave decision to help the homeless.(所有人都称赞她帮助无家可归者的勇敢决定。)
24
tax /tæks/ vt. 对……征税;使纳税;n. 税;税款
1. taxable /ˈtæksəbl/ adj. 应纳税的2. taxpayer /ˈtækspeɪə(r)/ n. 纳税人
1. tax sb on sth(对某物征税,如tax people on income)2. income tax(所得税,n.用法)
“‘向人收钱’→征税;‘政府收的钱’→税款”
The government decided to tax luxury goods more heavily to reduce inequality.(政府决定对奢侈品征收更重的税,以减少不平等。)
25
manned /ˈmænd/ adj. 有人控制的;需人操纵的
man /mæn/ vt. 操纵(机器、设备);n. 人;男人
1. manned spaceship(载人宇宙飞船)2. manned submarine(载人潜水艇)
“‘由人(man)操纵的’→有人控制的”
China successfully launched its first manned spaceship in 2003.(中国于2003年成功发射了第一艘载人宇宙飞船。)
26
submersible /səbˈmɜːsəbl/ n. 潜水器;可潜船;adj. 可潜水的
submerge /səbˈmɜːdʒ/ vt. & vi. 淹没;潜入水中
1. manned submersible(载人潜水器)2. deep-sea submersible(深海潜水器)
“‘能潜入(submerge)水中的设备’→潜水器”
Scientists used a deep-sea submersible to explore the ocean floor.(科学家使用深海潜水器探索海底。)
27
underwater /ˌʌndəˈwɔːtə(r)/ adv. 在水下;adj. 水下的
无(高中阶段常见派生词)
1. go underwater(潜入水下,adv.用法)2. underwater camera(水下相机,adj.用法)
“‘在水(water)下面(under)’→水下的/在水下”
The divers took many photos of colorful fish with their underwater cameras.(潜水员用水下相机拍了很多彩色鱼类的照片。)
28
capsule /ˈkæpsjuːl/ n. 胶囊;太空舱
无(高中阶段常见派生词)
1. medicine capsule(药片胶囊)2. space capsule(太空舱)
“‘小容器’→胶囊;‘太空载人机舱’→太空舱”
The astronaut returned to Earth safely in the space capsule.(宇航员乘坐太空舱安全返回地球。)
29
coral /ˈkɒrəl/ n. 珊瑚;adj. 珊瑚色的
coral reef /ˈkɒrəl riːf/ n. 珊瑚礁(固定短语)
1. colorful coral(彩色珊瑚)2. protect coral reefs(保护珊瑚礁)
“‘海洋中的钙质生物’→珊瑚;‘珊瑚形成的礁’→珊瑚礁”
Coral reefs are home to thousands of marine species.(珊瑚礁是数千种海洋生物的家园。)
30
migration /maɪˈɡreɪʃn/ n. 迁移;迁徙;移居
migrate /maɪˈɡreɪt/ vi. 迁移;迁徙
1. bird migration(鸟类迁徙)2. the migration of workers(工人的迁移)
“‘动物/人移动的过程’→迁移;迁徙”
Every autumn, we can observe the migration of geese to warmer areas.(每年秋天,我们都能观察到大雁迁徙到温暖地区。)
31
directory /dəˈrektəri/ n. 名录;电话号码簿;(计算机)目录
direct /dəˈrekt/ vt. 指导;adj. 直接的(词根)
1. telephone directory(电话号码簿)2. computer directory(计算机目录)
“‘指导查找的册子’→名录;‘文件分类文件夹’→目录”
I found his phone number in the local telephone directory.(我在当地电话号码簿里找到了他的号码。)
32
meanwhile /ˈmiːnwaɪl/ adv. 与此同时;对比之下
无(副词无派生词)
1. Meanwhile, I was preparing dinner.(与此同时,我在准备晚餐。)2. He is busy with work; meanwhile, his wife takes care of the kids.(他忙于工作,与此同时,他妻子照顾孩子。)
“‘中间这段时间’→与此同时”
She was reading a book; meanwhile, her brother was playing video games.(她在看书,与此同时,她弟弟在玩电子游戏。)
33
exploit /ɪkˈsplɔɪt/ vt. 开发;利用;剥削
exploitation /ˌeksplɔɪˈteɪʃn/ n. 开发;剥削
1. exploit natural resources(开发自然资源)2. exploit workers(剥削工人)
“‘合理利用’→开发;‘不公平利用’→剥削”
We should exploit natural resources in a sustainable way to protect the environment.(我们应该以可持续的方式开发自然资源,保护环境。)
34
gallon /ˈɡælən/ n. 加仑(容积单位,1英制≈4.5升)
无(单位名词无派生词)
1. a gallon of milk(一加仑牛奶)2. fuel consumption per gallon(每加仑油耗)
“英美常用容积单位,‘一加仑’≈4.5升”
The car can travel about 30 miles per gallon of gasoline.(这辆车每加仑汽油大约能行驶30英里。)
35
murder /ˈmɜːdə(r)/ vt. 谋杀;凶杀;毁坏;n. 谋杀;凶杀
murderer /ˈmɜːdərə(r)/ n. 凶手;杀人犯
1. murder sb(谋杀某人,vt.用法)2. commit murder(犯谋杀罪,n.用法)
“‘非法杀害他人’→谋杀;凶杀”
The police arrested the man who murdered his neighbor over a dispute.(警方逮捕了因纠纷谋杀邻居的男子。)
36
mercy /ˈmɜːsi/ n. 仁慈;宽恕;恩惠
1. merciful /ˈmɜːsɪfl/ adj. 仁慈的;宽恕的2. merciless /ˈmɜːsɪləs/ adj. 无情的(反义词)
1. show mercy to sb(对某人仁慈)2. at the mercy of(受……支配,如at the mercy of the storm)
“‘同情并宽恕’→仁慈;宽恕”
The king showed mercy to the prisoner and set him free.(国王对囚犯仁慈,释放了他。)
37
possession /pəˈzeʃn/ n. [usually pl.] 个人财产;拥有;控制
possess /pəˈzes/ vt. 拥有;具有
1. personal possessions(个人财产,常用复数)2. in possession of(拥有……,如in possession of the key)
“‘拥有的东西’→财产;‘拥有的状态’→拥有”
She lost all her personal possessions in the fire.(她在火灾中失去了所有个人财产。)
38
opponent /əˈpəʊnənt/ n. 反对者;对手;竞争者
oppose /əˈpəʊz/ vt. 反对;反抗(词根)
1. political opponent(政治反对者)2. opponent in the game(比赛对手)
“‘反对或竞争的人’→反对者;对手”
He defeated his opponent in the final match and won the championship.(他在决赛中击败对手,赢得冠军。)
39
log /lɒɡ/ vt. 把……载入正式记录;记录;n. 正式记录;日志;原木
logging /ˈlɒɡɪŋ/ n. 伐木;记录
1. log sth(记录某事,如log the data)2. keep a travel log(写旅行日志);a log of wood(一段原木)
“‘记录信息’→记录;‘木头段’→原木;‘记录册子’→日志”
The pilot logged the flight details in the official record.(飞行员将飞行细节记录在正式档案中。)
40
marine /məˈriːn/ adj. 海的;海产的;海生的
1. marine life(海洋生物,固定短语)2. marine biology(海洋生物学)
1. marine products(海产品)2. marine environment(海洋环境)
“‘与海洋生物/环境相关的’→海的;海产的”
Marine pollution has caused great harm to marine life.(海洋污染对海洋生物造成了巨大危害。)
41
arrest /əˈrest/ n. 逮捕;拘留;中止;vt. 逮捕;拘留;阻止
arrested /əˈrestɪd/ adj. 被捕的;受阻的
1. arrest sb for sth(因某事逮捕某人,vt.用法)2. make an arrest(实施逮捕,n.用法)
“‘依法拘留’→逮捕;‘阻止发展’→中止”
The police arrested the thief for stealing a mobile phone.(警方因盗窃手机逮捕了小偷。)
42
Marco Polo /ˈmɑːkəʊ ˈpəʊləʊ/ 马可·波罗(意大利探险家)
无(专有名词)
1. Marco Polo’s travels(马可·波罗的旅行)2. The Travels of Marco Polo(《马可·波罗游记》)
“意大利探险家,曾游历中国,著有《马可·波罗游记》”
Marco Polo described his adventures in China in his famous book.(马可·波罗在他的名著中描述了他在中国的冒险经历。)
43
Columbus /kəˈlʌmbəs/ 哥伦布(意大利航海家)
无(专有名词)
1. Columbus discovered America(哥伦布发现美洲)2. Columbus’s voyage(哥伦布的航行)
“意大利航海家,1492年发现美洲新大陆”
Columbus set sail from Spain in 1492 and reached the American continent.(哥伦布于1492年从西班牙起航,抵达美洲大陆。)
44
Ceylon /sɪˈlɒn/ 锡兰(斯里兰卡的旧称)
无(专有名词)
Ceylon tea(锡兰红茶,斯里兰卡特产)
“斯里兰卡1972年前的旧称,以红茶闻名”
Ceylon tea is known worldwide for its rich flavor and aroma.(锡兰红茶以其浓郁的口感和香气闻名世界。)
45
Churchill /ˈtʃɜːtʃɪl/ 丘吉尔(英国前首相)
无(专有名词)
1. Winston Churchill(温斯顿·丘吉尔,全名)2. Churchill led Britain during WWII(丘吉尔在二战期间领导英国)
“英国政治家,二战期间任首相,以演讲和领导力闻名”
Churchill’s famous speeches inspired the British people during World War II.(丘吉尔的著名演讲在二战期间鼓舞了英国人民。)
46
Ferdinand Magellan /ˈfɜːdɪnænd məˈɡelən/ 费迪南德·麦哲伦(葡萄牙航海家)
无(专有名词)
Magellan’s expedition(麦哲伦船队,首次环球航行)
“葡萄牙航海家,率船队首次完成环球航行(本人未完成)”
Ferdinand Magellan led the first expedition to sail around the world.(费迪南德·麦哲伦率领第一支船队完成环球航行。)
47
Zac Sunderland /zæk ˈsʌndələnd/ 扎克·桑德兰(美国年轻航海家)
无(专有名词)
Zac Sunderland became the youngest person to sail solo around the world(扎克·桑德兰是最年轻的单人环球航行者之一)
“美国航海家,曾创‘最年轻单人环球航行’纪录”
Zac Sunderland started his solo circumnavigation when he was only 16 years old.(扎克·桑德兰年仅16岁就开始了单人环球航行。)
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Robin Lee Graham /ˈrɒbɪn liː ˈɡreɪəm/ 罗宾·李·格雷厄姆(美国航海家)
无(专有名词)
Robin Lee Graham wrote a book about his solo sailing journey(罗宾·李·格雷厄姆著书记录单人航海经历)
“美国航海家,以青少年时期单人航海闻名,著有相关回忆录”
Robin Lee Graham’s book about his sailing adventures inspired many young people.(罗宾·李·格雷厄姆关于航海冒险的书鼓舞了许多年轻人。)
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