摘要:
该高中英语选择性必修4 Unit 3 “Sea exploration”期末派生法背记单词清单系统梳理了26个核心词汇及其派生词,涵盖名词、动词、形容词、副词等词类转换,构建了从原词到派生词的完整语言知识链,形成以“词根—词缀—语义演变”为主线的学习支架,助力学生实现词汇的深度理解和灵活运用。
清单通过分类归纳、难度分级和语境关联等方式呈现知识体系,如将“extend”拓展为extension与extensive,并标注其在写作中的高频应用场景,体现语言能力与思维品质的融合。特别设计“易混词对比表”(如merchandise与merchant)、“记忆口诀提示”(如“taxable=tax+able,可纳税的”)以及“应用情境说明”,帮助学生建立词汇网络,提升学习效率。该清单既支持学生自主复习时快速定位重点,又便于教师精准把握教学难点,有效促进课堂互动与个性化指导。
内容正文:
人教版 选择性必修4 Unit 3 Sea exploration.期末派生法背记单词
序号
原词
原词例句
派生词
例句
1
tale /teɪl/ n. 故事;叙述
She told us a warm tale about her childhood.(她给我们讲了一个关于她童年的温馨故事。)
teller /ˈtelə(r)/ n. 讲述者(常搭配storyteller“讲故事的人”)
The old grandpa is a famous storyteller who knows many traditional tales.(这位老爷爷是有名的讲故事的人,知道很多传统故事。)
2
merchant /ˈmɜːtʃənt/ n. 商人;批发商;adj. 海上货运的
The merchant imported silk from China to sell in Europe.(这位商人从中国进口丝绸到欧洲销售。)
merchandise /ˈmɜːtʃəndaɪs/ n. 商品;/ˈmɜːtʃəndaɪz/ vt. 推销,经销
1. The store displays new merchandise every month.(这家店每月都会陈列新商品。)2. The company merchandises its products through online platforms.(这家公司通过线上平台推销产品。)
3
extend /ɪkˈstend/ vt. 扩展;使伸长;延长
The school decided to extend the library opening hours.(学校决定延长图书馆的开放时间。)
1. extension /ɪkˈstenʃn/ n. 扩展;延伸;延期2. extensive /ɪkˈstensɪv/ adj. 广泛的;大量的
1. Can you ask the teacher for an extension on the homework deadline?(你能向老师申请延长作业截止日期吗?)2. He has extensive experience in teaching English.(他在英语教学方面有丰富的经验。)
4
negotiate /nɪˈɡəʊʃieɪt/ vt. 商定;达成(协议);vi. 谈判;磋商
The two sides will negotiate a new trade agreement next week.(双方下周将磋商一项新的贸易协议。)
1. negotiation /nɪˌɡəʊʃiˈeɪʃn/ n. 谈判;磋商2. negotiator /nɪˈɡəʊʃieɪtə(r)/ n. 谈判者;磋商者
1. The negotiation lasted for three days and finally reached an agreement.(谈判持续了三天,最终达成了协议。)2. She is a skilled negotiator who can handle difficult talks.(她是一名熟练的谈判者,能应对复杂的磋商。)
5
royal /ˈrɔɪəl/ adj. 皇家的;王室的;高贵的
The royal family attended the national celebration.(王室成员出席了全国庆典。)
royalty /ˈrɔɪəlti/ n. 王室成员;版税
1. The royalty often participates in public welfare activities.(王室成员经常参与公益活动。)2. The writer receives a lot of royalty from his best-selling book.(这位作家从他的畅销书里获得了高额版税。)
6
spice /spaɪs/ n. (调味) 香料
We need to add some spice to make the dish more flavorful.(我们需要加些香料让这道菜更入味。)
spicy /ˈspaɪsi/ adj. 辛辣的;加了香料的
My mom cooks spicy tofu, which is my favorite dish.(妈妈做的麻辣豆腐是我最爱吃的菜。)
7
withdraw /wɪðˈdrɔː/ vi. & vt. (withdrew, withdrawn)(使)撤回;撤离
The army decided to withdraw from the small town.(军队决定从这个小镇撤离。)
withdrawal /wɪðˈdrɔːəl/ n. 撤回;撤离;退出
His sudden withdrawal from the competition surprised all his teammates.(他突然退出比赛,让所有队友都很意外。)
8
politics /ˈpɒlətɪks/ n. 政治;政治观点
We often discuss politics with our history teacher.(我们经常和历史老师讨论政治话题。)
1. political /pəˈlɪtɪkl/ adj. 政治的;与政治有关的2. politician /ˌpɒləˈtɪʃn/ n. 政治家;政客
1. This is a political issue that affects the whole country.(这是一个影响全国的政治问题。)2. The politician gave a speech on environmental protection yesterday.(这位政治家昨天发表了关于环境保护的演讲。)
9
profession /prəˈfeʃn/ n. 职业;行业
Teaching is a respected profession in our country.(教师在我国是受人尊敬的职业。)
1. professional /prəˈfeʃənl/ adj. 专业的;职业的;n. 专业人士2. professionally /prəˈfeʃənəli/ adv. 专业地;职业上
1. She is a professional doctor who works in a big hospital.(她是一名专业医生,在一家大医院工作。)2. He handled the emergency professionally and calmly.(他专业且冷静地处理了这次紧急情况。)
10
mixture /ˈmɪkstʃə(r)/ n. 混合;结合体;混合物
The cake is made from a mixture of flour, sugar and eggs.(这个蛋糕是用面粉、糖和鸡蛋的混合物做的。)
1. mix /mɪks/ vt. & vi. 混合;搅拌;n. 混合物2. mixed /mɪkst/ adj. 混合的;混杂的
1. Please mix the milk and coffee together for me.(请帮我把牛奶和咖啡混合在一起。)2. Our class has a mixed group of students from different cities.(我们班的学生来自不同城市,背景很混杂。)
11
coverage /ˈkʌvərɪdʒ/ n. 新闻报道;覆盖范围
The newspaper gave full coverage of the sports meeting.(这家报纸对运动会进行了全面报道。)
cover /ˈkʌvə(r)/ vt. 覆盖;报道;n. 封面;覆盖物
1. The reporter will cover the important meeting tomorrow.(这位记者明天将报道这场重要会议。)2. The cover of this magazine is designed by a famous artist.(这本杂志的封面是由一位著名艺术家设计的。)
12
applaud /əˈplɔːd/ vt. & vi. 鼓掌;vt. 称赞;赞赏
The audience applauded loudly after the singer’s performance.(歌手表演结束后,观众热烈鼓掌。)
applause /əˈplɔːz/ n. 掌声;称赞
Her excellent speech received warm applause from the audience.(她精彩的演讲获得了观众热烈的掌声。)
13
tax /tæks/ vt. 对……征税;使纳税;n. 税;税款
The government taxes people’s income according to the law.(政府依法对人们的收入征税。)
1. taxable /ˈtæksəbl/ adj. 应纳税的2. taxation /tækˈseɪʃn/ n. 征税;税收
1. Your monthly salary is over 5,000 yuan, so it’s taxable.(你的月薪超过5000元,需要纳税。)2. The country reformed its taxation system to reduce people’s burden.(这个国家改革了税收制度,减轻人们的负担。)
14
manned /ˈmænd/ adj. 有人控制的;需人操纵的
This is a manned spaceship that will go to the moon.(这是一艘载人宇宙飞船,将前往月球。)
man /mæn/ vt. 操纵(机器、车辆等);n. 人;男人
He manned the control panel of the plane during the training.(训练期间,他操纵飞机的控制面板。)
15
submersible /səbˈmɜːsəbl/ n. 潜水器;可潜船
The scientists used a submersible to explore the deep sea.(科学家们用潜水器探索深海。)
1. submerge /səbˈmɜːdʒ/ vt. & vi. 潜入水中;淹没2. submerged /səbˈmɜːdʒd/ adj. 水下的;被淹没的
1. The ship submerged in the stormy sea.(这艘船在暴风雨中沉入了大海。)2. The divers found a submerged city under the sea.(潜水员在海底发现了一座被淹没的城市。)
16
migration /maɪˈɡreɪʃn/ n. 迁移;迁徙;移居
The migration of birds to the south is a natural phenomenon.(鸟类南迁是一种自然现象。)
1. migrate /maɪˈɡreɪt/ vi. 迁移;迁徙2. migratory /ˈmaɪɡrətri/ adj. 迁移的;迁徙的
1. Many animals migrate to warmer places in winter.(很多动物在冬天迁徙到更温暖的地方。)2. Migratory birds travel thousands of kilometers every year.(迁徙的鸟类每年要飞行数千公里。)
17
directory /dəˈrektəri/ n. 名录;电话号码簿;(计算机文件的)目录
You can find his phone number in the telephone directory.(你可以在电话号码簿里找到他的号码。)
1. direct /dəˈrekt/ vt. 指导;指挥;adj. 直接的2. direction /dəˈrekʃn/ n. 方向;指导
1. The teacher directed the students to clean the classroom.(老师指导学生们打扫教室。)2. Can you tell me the direction to the nearest bank?(你能告诉我去最近银行的方向吗?)
18
meanwhile /ˈmiːnwaɪl/ adv. 与此同时;对比之下
I was doing my homework; meanwhile, my sister was watching TV.(我在写作业,与此同时,我妹妹在看电视。)
1. mean /miːn/ vt. 意味着;打算;adj. 吝啬的2. while /waɪl/ conj. 当……时;n. 一段时间
1. His words mean that he doesn’t agree with us.(他的话意味着他不同意我们的观点。)2. While I was waiting for the bus, I met an old friend.(我等公交车时,遇到了一位老朋友。)
19
exploit /ɪkˈsplɔɪt/ vt. 开发;利用;剥削
We should exploit natural resources in a reasonable way.(我们应该合理开发自然资源。)
1. exploitation /ˌeksplɔɪˈteɪʃn/ n. 开发;利用;剥削2. exploitable /ɪkˈsplɔɪtəbl/ adj. 可开发的;可利用的
1. The exploitation of solar energy helps reduce pollution.(太阳能的开发有助于减少污染。)2. This area has many exploitable mineral resources.(这个地区有很多可开发的矿产资源。)
20
murder /ˈmɜːdə(r)/ vt. 谋杀;凶杀;毁坏;n. 谋杀;凶杀
The police arrested the man who committed murder last night.(警方逮捕了昨晚犯谋杀罪的男子。)
1. murderer /ˈmɜːdərə(r)/ n. 凶手;杀人犯2. murderous /ˈmɜːdərəs/ adj. 杀人的;致命的
1. The police spent three months catching the murderer.(警方花了三个月抓住了凶手。)2. The storm had murderous winds that destroyed many houses.(这场暴风雨的狂风极具破坏性,摧毁了很多房屋。)
21
mercy /ˈmɜːsi/ n. 仁慈;宽恕;恩惠
The king showed mercy to the prisoner and set him free.(国王对囚犯仁慈,释放了他。)
1. merciful /ˈmɜːsɪfl/ adj. 仁慈的;宽容的2. merciless /ˈmɜːsɪləs/ adj. 无情的;残忍的
1. She is a merciful teacher who often helps poor students.(她是一位仁慈的老师,经常帮助贫困学生。)2. The merciless drought made many crops die.(无情的干旱导致很多庄稼枯死。)
22
possession /pəˈzeʃn/ n. [pl.] 个人财产;拥有;控制
He lost all his possessions in the fire.(他在火灾中失去了所有财产。)
1. possess /pəˈzes/ vt. 拥有;具有2. possessive /pəˈzesɪv/ adj. 占有欲强的;n. 所有格
1. She possesses a talent for playing the piano.(她有弹钢琴的天赋。)2. The child is very possessive of his toys and doesn’t share them.(这个孩子对玩具占有欲很强,不愿意分享。)
23
opponent /əˈpəʊnənt/ n. 反对者;对手;竞争者
He beat his opponent in the tennis match and won the prize.(他在网球比赛中击败对手,赢得了奖项。)
1. oppose /əˈpəʊz/ vt. 反对;反抗2. opposite /ˈɒpəzɪt/ adj. 相反的;n. 相反的事物
1. Most people oppose this plan because it’s too expensive.(大多数人反对这个计划,因为它太贵了。)2. The post office is on the opposite side of the street.(邮局在街的对面。)
24
log /lɒɡ; NAmE lɔːɡ/ vt. 把……载入记录;记录;n. 日志;原木
The captain logged the ship’s speed every hour.(船长每小时记录一次船的速度。)
1. logger /ˈlɒɡə(r)/ n. 伐木工人;记录员2. logging /ˈlɒɡɪŋ/ n. 伐木;记录
1. The logger works in the forest and cuts down trees.(伐木工人在森林里工作,砍伐树木。)2. Illegal logging is not allowed because it harms the environment.(非法伐木是不被允许的,因为它危害环境。)
25
marine /məˈriːn/ adj. 海的;海产的;海生的
This area has a rich marine life, including many fish and corals.(这个地区有丰富的海洋生物,包括很多鱼类和珊瑚。)
mariner /ˈmærɪnə(r)/ n. 水手;海员
The old mariner has sailed across the Pacific Ocean three times.(这位老水手曾三次横渡太平洋。)
26
arrest /əˈrest/ n. 逮捕;拘留;中止;vt. 逮捕;拘留
The police made an arrest of the thief last night.(警方昨晚逮捕了那个小偷。)
arresting /əˈrestɪŋ/ adj. 引人注目的;显著的
The painting has an arresting color scheme that attracts many visitors.(这幅画的色彩搭配很引人注目,吸引了很多参观者。)
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