Unit 1 Science fiction 期末派生法背记单词清单-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第四册

人教版 选择性必修 4 Unit 1 Science fiction.期末派生法背记单词 序号 原词 例句 派生词 例句 1 fiction /ˈfɪkʃn/ n. 小说；虚构的事 She enjoys reading science fiction in her free time.（她空闲时喜欢读科幻小说。） 1. fictional /ˈfɪkʃənl/ adj. 虚构的；小说的2. fictionally /ˈfɪkʃənəli/ adv. 虚构地；在小说中 1. The story is based on fictional characters, not real people.（这个故事基于虚构人物，而非真实人物。）2. The event is described fictionally in the novel.（这件事在小说中被虚构地描述。） 2 ridiculous /rɪˈdɪkjələs/ adj. 愚蠢的；荒谬的；荒唐的 It’s ridiculous to wear a heavy coat in such hot weather.（这么热的天穿厚外套，太荒唐了。） 1. ridiculously /rɪˈdɪkjələsli/ adv. 荒谬地；可笑地2. ridiculousness /rɪˈdɪkjələsnəs/ n. 荒谬；可笑 1. The price of this toy is ridiculously high.（这个玩具的价格高得离谱。）2. Everyone laughed at the ridiculousness of his excuse.（所有人都嘲笑他借口的荒谬。） 3 integrity /ɪnˈteɡrəti/ n. 诚实正直；完整；完好 Honesty and integrity are important qualities for a leader.（诚实和正直是领导者的重要品质。） 1. integral /ˈɪntɪɡrəl/ adj. 完整的；必需的2. integrated /ˈɪntɪɡreɪtɪd/ adj. 综合的；一体化的 1. Teamwork is integral to the success of this project.（团队合作对这个项目的成功至关重要。）2. The school offers an integrated course that combines math and science.（这所学校开设了一门结合数学和科学的综合课程。） 4 dignity /ˈdɪɡnəti/ n. 庄重；庄严；尊严 He maintained his dignity even when he was criticized.（即使受到批评，他也保持着尊严。） 1. dignified /ˈdɪɡnɪfaɪd/ adj. 庄重的；有尊严的2. dignifiedly /ˈdɪɡnɪfaɪdli/ adv. 庄重地；有尊严地 1. The old man walked in a dignified way.（这位老人走路姿态庄重。）2. She spoke dignifiedly about her experiences.（她庄重地讲述了自己的经历。） 5 salary /ˈsæləri/ n. 薪水；薪金 He gets a monthly salary of 8,000 yuan.（他每月薪水8000元。） 1. salaried /ˈsæləriːd/ adj. 领薪水的；带薪的2. salary /ˈsæləri/ vt. 给……发薪水（补充，高中较少见） 1. She has a salaried job in a big company.（她在一家大公司有份领薪水的工作。）2. The company salaries its employees on the 10th of every month.（这家公司每月10号给员工发薪水。） 6 absurd /əbˈsɜːd/ adj. 荒谬的；荒唐的 His idea of building a castle in the city center is absurd.（他想在市中心建城堡的想法很荒谬。） 1. absurdly /əbˈsɜːdli/ adv. 荒谬地；荒唐地2. absurdity /əbˈsɜːdəti/ n. 荒谬；荒唐事 1. The plan failed because it was absurdly impractical.（这个计划失败了，因为它太不切实际了。）2. No one could accept the absurdity of his argument.（没人能接受他论点的荒谬。） 7 appointment /əˈpɔɪntmənt/ n. 预约；约会；委任 I have an appointment with the dentist at 3 p.m.（我下午3点和牙医有预约。） 1. appoint /əˈpɔɪnt/ vt. 任命；约定2. appointed /əˈpɔɪntɪd/ adj. 指定的；约定的 1. The manager appointed her as the new team leader.（经理任命她为新的团队负责人。）2. We met at the appointed time and place.（我们在约定的时间和地点见面了。） 8 guilty /ˈɡɪlti/ adj. 内疚的；有罪的；有过失的 She felt guilty for forgetting her mother’s birthday.（她因忘记妈妈的生日而感到内疚。） 1. guilt /ɡɪlt/ n. 内疚；罪行2. guiltily /ˈɡɪltɪli/ adv. 内疚地；有罪地 1. His guilt over the mistake made him apologize many times.（他对错误的内疚让他多次道歉。）2. He looked at her guiltily and said nothing.（他内疚地看着她，一句话也没说。） 9 suspend /səˈspend/ vt. 悬；挂；暂停；暂缓 The school suspended the sports meeting because of the rain.（学校因下雨暂停了运动会。） 1. suspension /səˈspenʃn/ n. 暂停；悬挂2. suspended /səˈspendɪd/ adj. 暂停的；悬挂的 1. The suspension of the project caused a lot of complaints.（项目的暂停引起了很多不满。）2. The suspended lamp above the table is very beautiful.（桌子上方悬挂的灯很漂亮。） 10 dismiss /dɪsˈmɪs/ vt. 让（某人）离开；解散；解雇；消除 The boss dismissed him for being late too many times.（老板因他迟到太多次而解雇了他。） 1. dismissal /dɪsˈmɪsl/ n. 解雇；免职；摒弃2. dismissive /dɪsˈmɪsɪv/ adj. 轻视的（常用搭配：dismissive of） 1. His dismissal came as a surprise to everyone.（他被解雇的消息让所有人都很意外。）2. She is dismissive of any advice from her colleagues.（她轻视同事提出的任何建议。） 11 declare /dɪˈkleə(r)/ vt. 表明；宣称；公布 He declared that he would run for president.（他宣布要竞选总统。） 1. declaration /ˌdekləˈreɪʃn/ n. 声明；宣告2. declared /dɪˈkleəd/ adj. 公开宣称的；已申报的 1. The government made a declaration about environmental protection.（政府发表了一份关于环境保护的声明。）2. His declared income is much lower than his actual income.（他申报的收入远低于实际收入。） 12 rumour /ˈruːmə(r)/ n. 谣言；传闻 There’s a rumour that the company will close next month.（有谣言说这家公司下个月要倒闭。） 1. rumour /ˈruːmə(r)/ vt. 谣传；传说2. rumoured /ˈruːməd/ adj. 传闻的；谣传的 1. People rumoured that they were getting married.（人们谣传他们要结婚了。）2. The rumoured new policy hasn’t been officially announced yet.（传闻中的新政策尚未正式公布。） 13 presume /prɪˈzjuːm; NAmE -ˈzuːm/ vt. & vi. 假设；假定 We presume he will agree to the plan, but we’re not sure.（我们假设他会同意这个计划，但不确定。） 1. presumption /prɪˈzʌmpʃn/ n. 假设；假定；傲慢2. presumably /prɪˈzjuːməbli/ adv. 大概；可能 1. The presumption that he is guilty is not based on facts.（认为他有罪的假设没有事实依据。）2. Presumably, she will come back before dark.（她大概会在天黑前回来。） 14 weekly /ˈwiːkli/ adj. 每周的；n. 周刊 This is a weekly magazine that comes out every Friday.（这是一本每周五出版的周刊。） 1. weekly /ˈwiːkli/ adv. 每周地2. weekly /ˈwiːkli/ n. 周刊（核心复现） 1. We have a weekly meeting to discuss work progress.（我们每周开一次会讨论工作进展。）2. I buy this weekly every Friday to read the latest news.（我每周五买这份周刊看最新新闻。） 15 calculate /ˈkælkjuleɪt/ vt. 计算；核算；预测 He calculated the cost of the trip and found it was too high.（他核算了旅行费用，发现太高了。） 1. calculation /ˌkælkjuˈleɪʃn/ n. 计算；估算2. calculated /ˈkælkjuleɪtɪd/ adj. 精心策划的；计算出的 1. The calculation of this math problem took me 20 minutes.（这道数学题的计算花了我20分钟。）2. This is a calculated move to win more support.（这是一步精心策划的棋，旨在赢得更多支持。） 16 flour /ˈflaʊə(r)/ n. 面粉；（谷物磨成的）粉 She used two cups of flour to make the cake.（她用了两杯面粉做蛋糕。） flour /ˈflaʊə(r)/ vt. 撒面粉；给……涂面粉 She floured the dough to prevent it from sticking to the table.（她给面团撒了面粉，防止粘在桌子上。） 17 alien /ˈeɪliən/ n. 外星人（生物）；外国人；adj. 陌生的；外星的；外国的 The movie tells a story about an alien visiting Earth.（这部电影讲述了一个外星人访问地球的故事。） 1. alienation /ˌeɪliəˈneɪʃn/ n. 疏远；异化2. alien /ˈeɪliən/ adj. 陌生的（核心复现） 1. His long absence caused alienation from his family.（他长期缺席导致与家人关系疏远。）2. The customs here are alien to me.（这里的习俗对我来说很陌生。） 18 blurred /blɜːd/ adj. 模糊不清的；难以区分的 The photo is blurred because my hands were shaking.（因为我手在抖，照片拍得很模糊。） 1. blur /blɜː(r)/ vt. & vi. 使模糊；变模糊2. blur /blɜː(r)/ n. 模糊的事物；模糊不清的状态 1. Tears blurred her eyes, and she couldn’t see clearly.（眼泪模糊了她的眼睛，她看不清东西。）2. The lines between right and wrong are becoming a blur.（对错之间的界限正变得模糊。） 19 superior /suːˈpɪəriə(r); sjuː-/ adj. 更好的；占优势的；（在级别或重要性上）更高的；superior to 比……更好；更胜一筹 This new model is superior to the old one in performance.（这款新型号在性能上比旧款更好。） 1. superiority /suːˌpɪəriˈɒrəti; sjuː-/ n. 优越性；优势2. superior /suːˈpɪəriə(r)/ n. 上级；长者（补充） 1. The team’s superiority in speed helped them win the game.（这支队伍在速度上的优势帮他们赢得了比赛。）2. He always listens to advice from his superiors.（他总是听取上级的建议。） 20 inaction /ɪnˈækʃn/ n. 无行动；不采取措施 His inaction during the crisis made the situation worse.（他在危机中的无动于衷让情况更糟了。） 1. inactive /ɪnˈæktɪv/ adj. 不活跃的；无行动的2. inactively /ɪnˈæktɪvli/ adv. 不活跃地；无行动地 1. He has been inactive in class recently and rarely answers questions.（他最近在课堂上很不活跃，很少回答问题。）2. They waited inactively for help instead of trying to save themselves.（他们消极地等待救援，而不是努力自救。） 21 labour /ˈleɪbə(r)/ n. 劳动（者）；体力劳动；vi. 奋斗；努力工作 Farmers do hard labour in the fields every day.（农民每天在田里从事繁重的体力劳动。） 1. laborious /ləˈbɔːriəs/ adj. 费力的；辛勤的2. laboriously /ləˈbɔːriəsli/ adv. 费力地；辛勤地 1. Writing a good essay is a laborious task.（写一篇好文章是项费力的工作。）2. She laboriously finished the report after working all night.（她工作了一整夜，费力地完成了报告。） 22 leather /ˈleðə(r)/ n. 皮革；[pl.] 皮衣；皮外套 This bag is made of real leather, so it’s very durable.（这个包是真皮做的，所以很耐用。） leathery /ˈleðəri/ adj. 似皮革的；坚韧的 The meat was too leathery and hard to chew.（这肉太韧了，很难嚼。） 23 lever /ˈliːvə(r); NAmE ˈlevər/ n. 操纵杆；杠杆 He pulled the lever to start the machine.（他拉动操纵杆启动机器。） lever /ˈliːvə(r); NAmE ˈlevər/ vt. & vi. 用杠杆撬动；用力移动 They levered the heavy stone out of the hole with a long stick.（他们用一根长棍子把重石头从洞里撬了出来。） 24 panel /ˈpænl/ n. 控制板；仪表盘；专家咨询组 The control panel of the plane is very complex.（飞机的控制面板非常复杂。） 1. paneled (BrE panelled) /ˈpænəld/ adj. 镶板的2. panel /ˈpænl/ vt. 镶板；组成专家小组 1. The walls of the old house are paneled with wood.（这座老房子的墙壁是木质镶板的。）2. The company paneled a group of experts to solve the problem.（公司组织了一个专家小组来解决这个问题。） 25 inch /ɪntʃ/ n. 英寸（长度单位，等于2.54厘米） The book is about two inches thick.（这本书大约两英寸厚。） inch /ɪntʃ/ vt. & vi. 缓慢移动；慢慢前进 The car inched forward in the heavy traffic.（汽车在拥堵的交通中缓慢前进。） 26 backwards /ˈbækwədz/ [NAmE backward] adv. 向后；倒；往回 He stepped backwards to avoid being hit by the ball.（他向后退了一步，避免被球击中。） 1. backward /ˈbækwəd/ adj. 向后的；落后的2. backwardness /ˈbækwədnəs/ n. 落后；迟钝 1. The village is still backward in terms of technology.（这个村庄在技术方面仍然落后。）2. His backwardness in study made his parents worried.（他学习上的迟钝让父母很担心。） 27 grip /ɡrɪp/ vt. & vi. 紧握；抓紧 She gripped the handle tightly when the roller coaster started.（过山车启动时，她紧紧抓住把手。） 1. grip /ɡrɪp/ n. 紧握；控制；把手2. gripping /ˈɡrɪpɪŋ/ adj. 扣人心弦的；引人入胜的 1. His grip on the rope was so tight that his hands turned white.（他紧紧抓住绳子，手都变白了。）2. It’s a gripping novel that I couldn’t put down.（这是一本扣人心弦的小说，我看得爱不释手。） 28 hazy /ˈheɪzi/ adj. 模糊的；朦胧的；困惑的 The morning sky was hazy because of the light fog.（因为有薄雾，早晨的天空很朦胧。） 1. haze /heɪz/ n. 薄雾；迷糊状态2. hazily /ˈheɪzɪli/ adv. 模糊地；朦胧地 1. A thin haze covered the city in the early morning.（清晨，一层薄雾笼罩着城市。）2. She remembered the details of the accident hazily.（她对事故细节的记忆很模糊。） 29 pace /peɪs/ n. 速度；步伐；节奏；vt. & vi. 确定速度；调整节奏 We need to slow down the pace of work to avoid making mistakes.（我们需要放慢工作节奏，避免出错。） paced /peɪst/ adj. 有节奏的（常用搭配：fast-paced 快节奏的，slow-paced 慢节奏的） Many young people like fast-paced city life.（很多年轻人喜欢快节奏的城市生活。） 30 division /dɪˈvɪʒn/ n. 分开；分隔；差异；除（法） The division of the land between the two families caused a lot of arguments.（两家对土地的划分引起了很多争执。） 1. divide /dɪˈvaɪd/ vt. & vi. 分开；划分；除2. divided /dɪˈvaɪdɪd/ adj. 分开的；有分歧的 1. The teacher divided the class into four groups for the activity.（老师把班级分成四组进行活动。）2. The team is divided on whether to accept the new plan.（团队对是否接受新计划存在分歧。） 31 puff /pʌf/ n.（烟、气等的）一缕；少量；喘息 He took a puff of his cigarette and looked at the sky.（他吸了一口烟，望向天空。） 1. puff /pʌf/ vt. & vi. 吸；喷；喘息2. puffy /ˈpʌfi/ adj. 肿胀的；松软的 1. She puffed heavily after running up the stairs.（她跑上楼梯后，气喘吁吁。）2. Her eyes were puffy because she cried all night.（她哭了一整夜，眼睛肿了。） 32 urge /ɜːdʒ/ n. 强烈的欲望；冲动；vt. 催促；力劝；大力推荐；have an urge to 有强烈的欲望做某事 He has an urge to travel around the world.（他有环游世界的强烈欲望。） 1. urgent /ˈɜːdʒənt/ adj. 紧急的；迫切的2. urgency /ˈɜːdʒənsi/ n. 紧急；迫切 1. There’s an urgent meeting this afternoon—we must attend it.（今天下午有个紧急会议，我们必须参加。）2. The doctor explained the urgency of the operation to the patient’s family.（医生向患者家属说明了手术的紧迫性。） 33 random /ˈrændəm/ adj. 随机的；不可思议的 The teacher chose 10 students at random to answer questions.（老师随机选了10名学生回答问题。） 1. randomly /ˈrændəmli/ adv. 随机地；随意地2. randomness /ˈrændəmnəs/ n. 随机性；随意性 1. The sample was selected randomly from the whole group.（样本是从整个群体中随机选取的。）2. The randomness of the test results made us confused.（测试结果的随机性让我们很困惑。） 34 maximum /ˈmæksɪməm/ adj. 最大极限的；n. 最大量；最大限度 The maximum speed of this car is 180 kilometers per hour.（这辆车的最高时速是180公里。） maximally /ˈmæksɪməli/ adv. 最大程度地；最高地 We need to use the resources maximally to reduce waste.（我们需要最大限度地利用资源，减少浪费。） 35 explode /ɪkˈspləʊd/ vi. & vt. 爆炸；爆破 The bomb exploded with a loud noise.（炸弹轰然爆炸。） 1. explosion /ɪkˈspləʊʒn/ n. 爆炸；爆发2. explosive /ɪkˈspləʊsɪv/ adj. 爆炸的；爆炸性的；易爆发的 1. The explosion damaged many buildings nearby.（爆炸损坏了附近的很多建筑。）2. There were explosive arguments between the two sides.（双方之间发生了激烈的争吵。） 36 jolt /dʒəʊlt/ n. 震动；摇晃；颠簸；vt. & vi.（使）震动；摇晃 The train stopped with a sudden jolt.（火车突然一震，停了下来。） jolty /ˈdʒəʊlti/ adj. 颠簸的；摇晃的 The road was rough and jolty, making everyone uncomfortable.（路又崎岖又颠簸，让所有人都很不舒服。） 37 flip /flɪp/ vt. & vi.（使）快速翻转；（用手指）轻抛 He flipped the coin to decide who would go first.（他抛硬币决定谁先开始。） 1. flip /flɪp/ adj. 轻率的；无礼的2. flip /flɪp/ n. 翻转；轻抛 1. She made a flip comment about his work, which made him angry.（她对他的工作发表了轻率的评论，让他很生气。）2. With a quick flip of his hand, he caught the ball.（他手快速一翻，接住了球。） 38 stun /stʌn/ vt. 使震惊；使昏迷 Everyone was stunned by the news of his death.（他去世的消息让所有人都很震惊。） 1. stunned /stʌnd/ adj. 震惊的；昏迷的2. stunning /ˈstʌnɪŋ/ adj. 极好的；令人震惊的 1. She was stunned and couldn’t say a word.（她震惊得说不出话来。）2. The view from the top of the mountain is stunning.（山顶的景色美极了。） 39 mud /mʌd/ n. 泥；泥浆 The children played in the mud and got their clothes dirty.（孩子们在泥里玩，把衣服弄脏了。） 1. muddy /ˈmʌdi/ adj. 泥泞的；浑浊的2. muddy /ˈmʌdi/ vt. & vi. 使泥泞；使浑浊 1. The path becomes muddy after rain.（下雨后，小路变得泥泞。）2. The heavy rain muddied the river, making it hard to see the fish.（大雨使河水变浑浊，很难看到鱼。） 40 overstatement /ˈəʊvəsteɪtmənt/ n. 夸大；夸张 His description of the accident was an overstatement—nothing that bad happened.（他对事故的描述很夸张，没发生那么糟的事。） 1. overstate /ˌəʊvəˈsteɪt/ vt. 夸大；夸张2. overstated /ˌəʊvəˈsteɪtɪd/ adj. 夸大的；夸张的 1. Don’t overstate the problem—we can solve it easily.（别夸大问题，我们能轻松解决。）2. His overstated claims made no one believe him.（他夸张的说法没人相信。） 41 Braille (also braille) /breɪl/ 布拉耶盲文（凸点符号） The library has many books printed in Braille for blind readers.（这家图书馆有很多盲文书籍，供视障读者阅读。） brailled /breɪld/ adj. 用盲文书写的 This document is brailled so that blind people can read it.（这份文件是用盲文书写的，方便视障人士阅读。） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $