Unit 1 Science fiction 期末词汇拓展短语背记（一）清单-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第四册

人教版 选择性必修 4 Unit 1 Science fiction.期末词汇拓展短语背记（一） 序号 短语或句型 意思 例句1（中英对照） 例句2（中英对照） 1 works of fiction 小说作品（各类小说的统称） She spends a lot of time reading works of fiction in her free time.（她空闲时花很多时间读小说作品。） The library has a large collection of works of fiction from different countries.（图书馆有大量来自不同国家的小说作品。） 2 distinguish fiction from reality 区分虚构与现实（辨别小说中的想象与真实生活） It’s important for children to learn to distinguish fiction from reality.（对孩子来说，学会区分虚构与现实很重要。） The movie is so realistic that some viewers find it hard to distinguish fiction from reality.（这部电影太真实了，有些观众难以区分虚构与现实。） 3 read science fiction 读科幻小说（阅读以科学想象为主题的小说） My brother likes to read science fiction because he is interested in space.（我弟弟喜欢读科幻小说，因为他对太空感兴趣。） She recommended me to read science fiction written by this author.（她推荐我读这位作者写的科幻小说。） 4 a science fiction film 一部科幻电影（以科学想象为主题的电影） We watched a science fiction film about aliens last weekend.（上周末我们看了一部关于外星人的科幻电影。） This a science fiction film won several awards for its amazing special effects.（这部科幻电影因其精彩的特效赢得了多个奖项。） 5 test out a new theory 检验一个新理论（通过实践验证理论的正确性） Scientists did many experiments to test out a new theory about gravity.（科学家做了很多实验来检验一个关于引力的新理论。） The teacher asked students to design a project to test out a new physics theory.（老师让学生设计一个项目来检验一个新的物理理论。） 6 test out the machine 测试这台机器（检查机器的性能和运行情况） The engineer needs to test out the machine before it is put into use.（工程师需要在机器投入使用前测试这台机器。） He spent two hours testing out the machine to make sure it works properly.（他花了两个小时测试这台机器，确保其正常运行。） 7 annual bonus 年度奖金（企业每年向员工发放的额外报酬） The company gave all employees a generous annual bonus this year.（今年公司给所有员工发了丰厚的年度奖金。） He saved most of his annual bonus to buy a new house.（他把大部分年度奖金存起来，准备买新房。） 8 a bonus point 附加分（在考试、比赛等中额外获得的分数） The teacher gave her a bonus point for her creative answer.（老师因其有创意的答案给了她一分附加分。） Getting a bonus point helped him pass the math exam.（获得一分附加分帮他通过了数学考试。） 9 It’s more like a joke. 这更像是个玩笑（表示某事物并非认真的，更接近玩笑性质） His explanation is so funny—it’s more like a joke.（他的解释太好笑了，这更像是个玩笑。） Don’t take his words seriously; it’s more like a joke.（别把他的话当真，这更像是个玩笑。） 10 He’s more like a friend than a teacher. 他更像朋友而非老师（表示某人的身份或角色更接近前者） Our math teacher is very kind—he’s more like a friend than a teacher.（我们的数学老师很和蔼，他更像朋友而非老师。） She always listens to our problems and gives advice; she’s more like a friend than a teacher.（她总是倾听我们的问题并给出建议，更像朋友而非老师。） 11 a ridiculous idea 一个荒谬的想法（毫无道理、不切实际的想法） It’s a ridiculous idea to go swimming in such cold weather.（这么冷的天去游泳，真是个荒谬的想法。） No one agreed with his ridiculous idea of building a castle in the city center.（没人同意他在市中心建城堡的荒谬想法。） 12 sound ridiculous 听起来很愚蠢（话语或想法给人不理智的感觉） His plan to finish the project in one day sounds ridiculous.（他计划一天内完成这个项目，听起来很愚蠢。） What he said about flying to the moon by bike sounds ridiculous.（他说骑自行车去月球，听起来很愚蠢。） 13 moral integrity 道德正直（遵守道德规范、诚实正派的品质） A person with moral integrity will never lie or cheat.（有道德正直的人从不撒谎或作弊。） The school emphasizes the importance of moral integrity in students’ education.（学校在学生教育中强调道德正直的重要性。） 14 maintain the integrity of 维护……的完整性（保持事物原有的完整状态，不被破坏） We must maintain the integrity of the historical building and not change its structure.（我们必须维护这座历史建筑的完整性，不改变其结构。） The software is designed to maintain the integrity of the data stored in it.（这款软件旨在维护存储在其中的数据的完整性。） 15 human dignity 人类尊严（人作为个体应享有的尊重和权利） Every person should be treated with respect and human dignity.（每个人都应得到尊重，享有人类尊严。） The organization works to protect the human dignity of people living in poverty.（该组织致力于保护贫困人口的人类尊严。） 16 stand with dignity 有尊严地站立（以庄重、不卑不亢的姿态站立） Even though he was tired, he stood with dignity during the ceremony.（尽管很累，他在仪式中仍有尊严地站立着。） She taught her children to stand with dignity and never bow to unfairness.（她教孩子们有尊严地站立，绝不向不公低头。） 17 earn a high salary 挣高薪（获得较高的劳动报酬） He works hard as a doctor to earn a high salary to support his family.（他作为医生努力工作，挣高薪养家。） Many people want to work in this field because they can earn a high salary.（很多人想在这个领域工作，因为能挣高薪。） 18 monthly salary 月薪（每月获得的劳动报酬） Her monthly salary is enough to cover her living expenses in the city.（她的月薪足够支付在城市的生活开支。） The company pays employees their monthly salary on the 10th of every month.（公司每月10号给员工发月薪。） 19 an absurd suggestion 一个荒唐的建议（毫无逻辑、不切实际的建议） It’s an absurd suggestion to cancel the exam without any reason.（毫无理由取消考试，真是个荒唐的建议。） Everyone laughed at his absurd suggestion of moving the school to a desert.（大家都嘲笑他把学校搬到沙漠的荒唐建议。） 20 It’s absurd to do sth. 做某事是荒谬的（固定句型，表示某行为无意义） It’s absurd to spend so much money on a single toy.（花这么多钱买一个玩具是荒谬的。） It’s absurd to stay up late every night just to play video games.（每天熬夜只为玩电子游戏是荒谬的。） 21 make an appointment 预约（事先约定见面、服务等的时间） You need to make an appointment before seeing the doctor.（看医生前你需要预约。） She called the restaurant to make an appointment for dinner this weekend.（她打电话给餐厅，预约这周末的晚餐。） 22 keep an appointment 守约（按时赴约，不违约） He is always punctual and keeps every appointment.（他总是很守时，每次都守约。） If you can’t keep the appointment, please call to cancel it in advance.（如果不能守约，请提前打电话取消。） 23 hammer a nail 钉钉子（用锤子将钉子敲入物体） He used a hammer to hammer a nail into the wall to hang a picture.（他用锤子把钉子钉进墙里，好挂一幅画。） My dad taught me how to hammer a nail safely when I was a kid.（小时候爸爸教我如何安全地钉钉子。） 24 nail sth. to the wall 把某物钉在墙上（用钉子将物体固定在墙面上） She nailed the notice to the wall so that everyone could see it.（她把通知钉在墙上，让所有人都能看到。） He nailed the wooden shelf to the wall to hold his books.（他把木架子钉在墙上，用来放书。） 25 a department store saleswoman 百货商店女售货员（在百货商店从事销售工作的女性） The a department store saleswoman helped me find the right size of clothes.（百货商店女售货员帮我找到了合适尺码的衣服。） She worked as a department store saleswoman during her summer vacation.（暑假期间她做过百货商店女售货员。） 26 talk to the saleswoman 与女售货员交谈（和女性销售人员沟通咨询） I need to talk to the saleswoman about returning this product.（我需要和女售货员沟通退货的事。） He talked to the saleswoman to ask about the features of the new phone.（他和女售货员交谈，咨询新手机的功能。） 27 feel guilty about sth. 对某事感到内疚（因自己的行为或疏忽而内心不安） She felt guilty about forgetting her best friend’s birthday.（她因忘记最好朋友的生日而感到内疚。） He felt guilty about not helping his mom with the housework.（他因没帮妈妈做家务而感到内疚。） 28 be guilty of a crime 犯有某罪（有违法犯罪的行为） The man was proved to be guilty of a crime and sent to prison.（这个人被证明犯有某罪，关进了监狱。） Anyone who is guilty of a crime will be punished by law.（任何犯有某罪的人都会受到法律的惩罚。） 29 suspend a meeting 暂停会议（暂时停止会议，稍后继续） The chairman decided to suspend the meeting because of the sudden emergency.（因突发紧急情况，主席决定暂停会议。） We had to suspend the meeting when the power went out.（停电时我们不得不暂停会议。） 30 suspend sb. from school 暂停某人上学资格（暂时禁止学生到校上课） The student was suspended from school for fighting with his classmates.（这个学生因和同学打架被暂停上学资格。） The school has the right to suspend students from school for breaking rules.（学校有权对违反规定的学生暂停上学资格。） 31 climb up a ladder 爬梯子（沿着梯子向上攀爬） He climbed up a ladder to fix the broken light on the ceiling.（他爬梯子去修理天花板上坏了的灯。） Be careful when you climb up a ladder—don’t fall down.（爬梯子时要小心，别摔下来。） 32 the ladder of success 成功的阶梯（比喻通往成功的途径或过程） Hard work and perseverance are the steps on the ladder of success.（努力和坚持是成功阶梯上的台阶。） He believes that education is the most important part of the ladder of success.（他认为教育是成功阶梯中最重要的部分。） 33 dismiss an employee 解雇员工（因员工表现或公司需求解除雇佣关系） The company had to dismiss some employees because of financial difficulties.（因财务困难，公司不得不解雇一些员工。） The manager dismissed the employee for being late to work too many times.（经理因这名员工多次迟到而解雇了他。） 34 dismiss one’s worries 消除某人的担忧（让某人不再担心、焦虑） Talking to her best friend helped dismiss her worries about the exam.（和最好的朋友聊天帮她消除了对考试的担忧。） The doctor’s explanation dismissed the patient’s worries about his health.（医生的解释消除了病人对自己健康的担忧。） 35 declare sth. to sb. 向某人宣称某事（明确地向他人表达观点或事实） He declared his love to her on her birthday.（他在她生日那天向她宣称了自己的爱意。） The company declared its new policy to all employees at the meeting.（公司在会议上向所有员工宣称了新政策。） 36 declare war on 对……宣战（国家或组织正式宣布与另一方处于战争状态） The country had to declare war on the invader to protect its people.（为了保护人民，这个国家不得不对入侵者宣战。） The government declared war on drug trafficking to keep society safe.（政府对贩毒宣战，以维护社会安全。） 37 Some like coffee, whereas others prefer tea. 有些人喜欢咖啡，而另一些人喜欢茶（对比两种不同的情况或观点） Some like to stay at home on weekends, whereas others prefer to go out.（有些人周末喜欢待在家里，而另一些人喜欢出去。） Some students learn best by reading, whereas others learn better by doing.（有些学生通过阅读学习效果最好，而另一些学生通过实践学习更好。） 38 Whereas he is hardworking, his brother is lazy. 尽管他勤奋，他的兄弟却懒惰（对比两人的不同特质） Whereas she is outgoing, her sister is very shy.（尽管她外向，她的妹妹却很害羞。） Whereas this book is interesting, that one is very boring.（尽管这本书有趣，那本却很无聊。） 39 spread a rumour 散布谣言（传播没有事实依据的消息） It’s not right to spread a rumour about others without knowing the truth.（在不了解真相的情况下散布关于他人的谣言是不对的。） He was criticized for spreading a rumour that caused panic in the community.（他因散布引发社区恐慌的谣言而受到批评。） 40 a rumour about sb. 关于某人的传闻（关于特定人物的非官方消息） There is a rumour about her moving to another city for work.（有传闻说她要搬到另一个城市工作。） He didn’t believe the rumour about his friend quitting school.（他不相信关于他朋友辍学的传闻。） 41 presume sb. to be 假定某人为……（在没有证据的情况下认为某人是某种身份或状态） We presume him to be an expert in this field because of his experience.（基于他的经验，我们假定他是这个领域的专家。） People often presume her to be a teacher because she is very patient.（人们常假定她是老师，因为她很有耐心。） 42 We presume that... 我们假设……（固定句型，表示提出一种假设） We presume that the project will be finished by the end of this month.（我们假设这个项目会在月底前完成。） We presume that he will attend the meeting since he said he would.（我们假设他会来参加会议，因为他说过会来。） 43 bus fare 公交车费（乘坐公交车需要支付的费用） The bus fare in this city is only 2 yuan per ride.（这个城市的公交车费每次只要2元。） She forgot to bring money for the bus fare, so I lent her some.（她忘了带公交车费，所以我借了她一些。） 44 pay the fare 付车费（支付乘坐交通工具的费用） You need to pay the fare before getting on the train.（上火车前你需要付车费。） He helped the old lady pay the fare when she couldn’t find her wallet.（老妇人找不到钱包时，他帮她付了车费。） 45 a weekly magazine 周刊（每周出版一次的杂志） She subscribes to a weekly magazine about fashion.（她订阅了一本关于时尚的周刊。） The a weekly magazine usually comes out on every Friday.（这本周刊通常每周五出版。） 46 weekly meetings 每周会议（每周定期召开的会议） Our team has weekly meetings every Monday morning to discuss work progress.（我们团队每周一早上开每周会议，讨论工作进展。） The teacher holds weekly meetings with students to answer their questions.（老师每周和学生开会议，解答他们的问题。） 47 on a daily basis 每天（以每日为基准，每天都做） She practices playing the piano on a daily basis to improve her skills.（她每天练习弹钢琴，以提升技巧。） We need to check the equipment on a daily basis to ensure it works well.（我们需要每天检查设备，确保其正常运行。） 48 on a regular basis 定期地（按照固定的频率做某事） The library buys new books on a regular basis to meet readers’ needs.（图书馆定期购买新书，满足读者需求。） He visits his grandparents on a regular basis, usually once a month.（他定期看望祖父母，通常每月一次。） 49 calculate the cost 计算成本（核算完成某事所需的费用） The engineer needs to calculate the cost of building the new bridge.（工程师需要计算建造新桥的成本。） She spent an hour calculating the cost of the trip to plan her budget.（她花了一小时计算旅行成本，好规划预算。） 50 calculate that... 预测……（通过计算推断出某种结果） We calculate that the project will cost about 100,000 yuan.（我们预测这个项目大约需要10万元。） The scientist calculated that the comet will pass by Earth next year.（科学家预测这颗彗星明年会经过地球。） 51 the company chairwoman 公司女董事长（负责公司决策的女性最高管理者） The company chairwoman announced a new development plan at the annual meeting.（公司女董事长在年度会议上宣布了新的发展计划。） She is the first woman to become the company chairwoman in its history.（她是公司历史上第一位成为女董事长的女性。） 52 elect a chairwoman 选举女主席（通过投票选出女性主席或董事长） The members will elect a chairwoman to lead the organization.（成员们将选举一位女主席来领导这个组织。） They decided to elect a chairwoman with rich experience in this field.（他们决定选举一位在该领域有丰富经验的女主席。） 53 50 grammes of sugar 50克糖（重量为50克的糖） You need to add 50 grammes of sugar to the cake batter.（你需要往蛋糕面糊里加50克糖。） The recipe says this dish requires 50 grammes of sugar.（食谱上说这道菜需要50克糖。） 54 a gram of salt 一克盐（重量为1克的盐） Add a gram of salt to the soup to make it taste better.（往汤里加一克盐，味道会更好。） A gram of salt is too little for this pot of stew.（这锅炖菜加一克盐太少了。） 55 wheat flour 小麦面粉（由小麦磨制而成的面粉，用于制作面食等） We need to buy some wheat flour to make bread this weekend.（这周末我们需要买些小麦面粉来做面包。） Wheat flour is the main ingredient for making dumplings and noodles.（小麦面粉是包饺子和做面条的主要原料。） 56 mix flour and water 把面粉和水混合（将面粉与水搅拌在一起，制作面糊等） First, mix flour and water in a bowl to make a smooth paste.（首先，在碗里把面粉和水混合，调成光滑的面糊。） She taught her son how to mix flour and water to make small dough balls.（她教儿子如何把面粉和水混合，做成小面团。） 57 a concert venue 音乐会场地（举办音乐会的场所，如音乐厅等） The a concert venue can hold more than 2,000 audience members.（这个音乐会场地能容纳2000多名观众。） They spent a lot of time decorating the concert venue for the singer’s performance.（他们花了很多时间装饰音乐会场地，为歌手的演出做准备。） 58 change the venue 更改场地（更换举办活动的地点） We had to change the venue of the party because the original one was too small.（我们不得不更改派对场地，因为原来的场地太小了。） The organizer decided to change the venue to a larger hall to accommodate more people.（组织者决定把场地改成更大的大厅，以容纳更多人。） 59 a car salesman 汽车推销员（从事汽车销售工作的男性） The a car salesman introduced the features of the new car to us in detail.（汽车推销员向我们详细介绍了这款新车的特点。） He worked as a car salesman for three years before starting his own business.（他开自己的公司前，做过三年汽车推销员。） 60 talk to the salesman 与售货员交谈（和男性销售人员沟通咨询） I need to talk to the salesman about the warranty of this product.（我需要和售货员沟通这款产品的保修问题。） He talked to the salesman to negotiate the price of the laptop.（他和售货员交谈，协商笔记本电脑的价格。） 61 an alien planet 外星行星（位于地球以外太阳系的行星） Scientists are searching for an alien planet that can support life.（科学家正在寻找一颗能孕育生命的外星行星。） The movie tells a story about astronauts landing on an alien planet.（这部电影讲述了宇航员登陆外星行星的故事。） 62 an alien from space 太空外星人（来自地球以外太空的智慧生物） The novel describes an alien from space who comes to Earth to learn about human culture.（这本小说描述了一个来自太空的外星人，来到地球了解人类文化。） Many people believe that there are aliens from space, but there is no proof yet.（很多人相信有太空外星人，但目前还没有证据。） 63 discuss the pros and cons 讨论利与弊（分析事物的优点和缺点） We held a meeting to discuss the pros and cons of the new policy.（我们开了会，讨论新政策的利与弊。） Before making a decision, it’s wise to discuss the pros and cons with others.（做决定前，和别人讨论利与弊是明智的。） 64 weigh the pros and cons 权衡利弊（比较事物的优点和缺点，做出判断） You need to weigh the pros and cons carefully before choosing a university.（选择大学前，你需要仔细权衡利弊。） The manager weighed the pros and cons of the two plans and chose the better one.（经理权衡了两个计划的利弊，选择了更好的那个。） 65 blurred vision 模糊的视力（看东西不清楚的视觉状态） She has been working on the computer for too long, so she has blurred vision.（她在电脑前工作太久，所以视力模糊。） The doctor said his blurred vision was caused by eye strain.（医生说他的视力模糊是由眼疲劳引起的。） 66 a blurred memory 模糊的记忆（记不清细节的回忆） It was a long time ago, so I only have a blurred memory of that day.（那是很久以前的事了，所以我对那天只有模糊的记忆。） Her a blurred memory of her childhood made her want to visit her hometown.（她对童年的模糊记忆让她想回故乡看看。） 67 be superior to others 比别人更好（在能力、品质等方面优于他人） He studies very hard, so his academic performance is superior to others.（他学习很努力，所以学业成绩比别人好。） This new model of phone is superior to others in terms of battery life.（这款新手机在电池续航方面比其他手机好。） 68 superior quality 优质（产品或服务的质量优秀） The company is famous for its products of superior quality.（这家公司以其优质产品闻名。） Customers are willing to pay more for products with superior quality.（消费者愿意为优质产品支付更高的价格。） 69 take over a company 接管一家公司（获得公司的控制权并负责运营） The large enterprise decided to take over a small company to expand its business.（这家大型企业决定接管一家小公司，以扩大业务。） He led his team to take over the company and turned its losses into profits.（他带领团队接管了这家公司，并实现了扭亏为盈。） 70 Let me take over. 让我来接手（表示愿意接替他人完成任务） You look tired—let me take over the work from you.（你看起来很累，让我来接手你的工作吧。） The driver felt unwell, so he said to his partner, “Let me take over.”（司机感觉不舒服，所以对同伴说：“让我来接手吧。”） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $