专题02 语法归纳：非限制性定语从句（期中复习讲义）高二英语上学期人教版

专题02 非限制性定语从句（期中复习讲义） 单元 语法点 常考题型 命题趋势 选必一Unit1 非限制性定语从句 单项选择 语法填空等 1.注重素养：更加注重对学生英语核心素养的考查。 2.情境化突出：借助生活、学校、社会等多种情境，将语法考察与实际生活相结合。 3.文化传承与价值导向明显：注重选取具有文化内涵和思想价值的语篇。 知识点 一、非限制性定语从句的核心定义 定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句由关系代词和关系副词引导，但不能用that引导。 1.非限制性定语从句的本质作用： （1）对先行词进行补充说明/额外解释（非唯一性描述） （2）即使删去，主句仍完整且逻辑通顺 （3）与限制性定语从句的本质区别：无明确限定范围  2. 形式标志： 必须用逗号分隔 例句： 1.Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize, which is considered one of the highest international honours a person can receive. （非限制性定语从句） 2.They tested hundreds of Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against the disease. （限制性定语从句） 2、 非限制性定语从句的关系词 关系词 在定语从句中语法成分 关系代词 who, which，as 作主语、宾语 whom 作宾语 whose 作定语 关系副词 when, where 作状语 1. 关系代词as和which 关系代词 as 和 which 既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句。as 引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中；而 which 引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。相同的是两者都可指代主句的整个内容。 As is known to everybody, the moon travels around the earth. 众所周知，月球绕着地球转。 The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect. 出乎我们意料的是，天气变得非常好。 2. 常见的as搭配； as is known to all 众所周知 as you know 正如你所知道的那样 as is expected 正如所预料的那样 as we expected 正如我们所期待的 as has been mentioned above 正如上面所提到的 as is reported / said 正如报道/所说的那样 三、非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句对比 1. 形式不同 限制性定语从句常紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后，主、从句之间不用逗号隔开；非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不密切，常用逗号隔开，并且as引导的非限制性定语从句还可放在主句之前。 The number of people who/that own cars is increasing. I spoke to Dr. Smith just now, who is always ready to help others. As you know, I don’t like going out at weekends. 2. 作用不同 限制性定语从句对先行词进行修饰和限制，是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省略，主句意义会不完整； 非限制性定语从句对先行词是修饰，补充解释说明或对主句进行评述，去掉不影响。 Franklin was the first man who discovered the nature of electricity. 富兰克林是第一个发现电的本质的人。 The driver, （who was very young, ）had only just got his license. 这位（年轻的）司机刚刚拿到驾照。 3. 先行词不同 限制性定语从句的先行词一般是名词或代词； 非限制性定语从句的先行词既可以是名词或代词, 也可以是主句的一部分或整个主句 。 Things then improved, which surprised me. （先行词为整个主句，是对整个句子内容的说明） 4. 关系词不同 限制性定语从句可以由that, why引导，而非限制性定语从句不用；关系词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省略，在非限制性定语从句中通常不省略。 There were very few passengers that/who had escaped without serious injury. There were very few passengers, who had escaped without serious injury.（不能用that） Have you found the book (that/which) you want? (限制性定语从句，作want的宾语，可以省略) 5. whose用法相同 无论是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句，只要关系词在从句中作定语，都用whose引导。 I like the teacher whose classes are very interesting and lively. Edward, whose legs were badly hurt, was quickly taken to hospital. 6. 关系副词和“介词+ which / whom”用法相同 关系副词或“介词+ which / whom”可引导限制性定语从句，也引导非限制性定语从句。 He was born in the year when/in which the war broke out. We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, where/in which my grandparents live.  【即时检测】 Consequently, she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners, __________ can reduce oral bacteria. (2019 北京) 基础题（测试时间：10分钟） 1、 单项选择 1.（2023·北京海淀期中）The book, ______ I bought yesterday, is a bestseller. A. who B. which C. whom D. when 2.（2022·浙江月考）Mr. Smith, ______ son is my classmate, is a famous doctor. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 3.（2023·天津一中期末）We visited the Eiffel Tower, ______ we took many photos. A. which B. where C. that D. when 4.（2022·江苏南京月考）The meeting will be held next Monday, ______ I will be away on business. A. which B. when C. where D. that 5.（2023·上海徐汇期中）My brother, ______ lives in London, is coming to visit us. A. which B. who C. whom D. whose 6.（2022·广东深圳期末）She introduced me to her friend, ______ is a well-known artist. A. that B. which C. who D. whom 7.（2023·湖南长沙月考）The car, ______ driver was a young man, stopped suddenly. A. who B. which C. whose D. whom 8.（2022·四川成都期中）He failed the exam, ______ made his parents very disappointed. A. that B. which C. what D. when 9.（2023·河北石家庄期末）I passed him a glass of water, ______ he drank immediately. A. which B. that C. whom D. when 10.（2022·湖北武汉月考）The weather turned out to be very good, ______ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it 二、语法填空 1.（2023·北京海淀·期中） My eldest sister, __________ is a lawyer, always gives me good advice. 2.（2022·上海浦东新区·月考） We will put off the picnic until next week, __________ the weather may be better. 3.（2023·浙江杭州·期末） The smartphone, __________ I bought last month, was stolen yesterday. 4.（2022·广东广州·期中） The famous writer, __________ latest novel sold millions of copies, will give a talk at our school. 5. （2023·湖南长沙·月考） They moved to a new house, __________ has a big garden. 6.（2022·江苏南京·期末） The manager invited me to dinner, __________ was very kind of him. 7.（2023·湖北武汉·期中） The old couple have two sons, both of __________ are studying abroad. 8.（2022·四川成都·月考） The school, in front of __________ stands a monument, was built 100 years ago. 9.（2023·河北石家庄·模拟） I'd like to introduce you to Mr. Jones, __________ I think you know. 10.（2022·天津·期末） He didn't win the race, __________ disappointed his coach. 提升题（测试时间：10分钟） 1、 单项选择题 1. （2023·全国甲卷·改编） The company, ______ head office is located in Shanghai, has branches all over the world. A. which B. whose C. that D. whom 2.（2022·新高考I卷·改编） The artist, ______ works are popular around the world, will visit our city next week. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 3.（2023·江苏启东中学·调研） He is a man of great experience, ______ whom we can learn a lot. A. from B. for C. to D. with 4.（2022·福建厦门一中·质检） She said she had finished her work, ______ I doubt very much. A. who B. which C. that D. whom 5.（2023·山东潍坊一模） As ______ recorded in history, the event changed the course of the war. A. it B. that C. is D. which 2、 语法填空题 1.（2023·全国乙卷·改编） She has overcome many difficulties, __________ shows that she is a strong person. （非限制性定语从句） 2.（2022·新高考I卷·改编） The project will be completed next year, __________ by __________ time the new factory will be fully operational. （非限制性定语从句） 3.（2023·江苏苏锡常镇·一模） The scientist, __________ whom we have great respect, has made another important discovery. （非限制性定语从句） 4.（2022·广东六校·联考） He wasn't satisfied with the result, __________ can be seen from his expression. （非限制性定语从句） 5.（2023·湖北八市·联考） There are 50 students in our class, 30 of __________ are from the city. （非限制性定语从句） 拓展题（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择题 1.（2023·上海交大附中·竞赛） He may be late, in ______ case we need to wait for him. A. what B. which C. that D. whose 2.（2022·清华附中·培优） I have never seen such a beautiful sunset ______ I saw yesterday. A. that B. which C. as D. what 3.（2023·华师一附中·冲刺） ______ is mentioned above, the number of the students in this school has doubled. A. Which B. As C. That D. It 4.（2022·深圳中学·联考） The professor entered the hall, ______ by many students. A. following B. to follow C. followed D. to be followed 5.（2023·东北师大附中·压轴） It was in the lab, ______ was equipped with the latest devices, ______ the breakthrough was made. A. which; that B. that; which C. which; which D. that; that 二、语法填空题 1.（2023·上海交大附中·竞赛） He might be busy, in __________ case just leave him a message. （非限制性定语从句） 2.（2022·清华附中·培优） It was a time __________ people began to talk about women's rights. （非限制性定语从句） 3.（2023·华师一附中·冲刺） __________ is often the case with children, Amy was completely better by the time the doctor arrived. （非限制性定语从句） 4.（2022·深圳中学·联考） She said nothing, __________ made me feel even more nervous. （非限制性定语从句） 5.（2023·东北师大附中·压轴） The visitor asked the guide to take his picture in front of the statue, __________ was the only place he wanted to visit. （非限制性定语从句） 三、完成句子 1. Last week I passed the examination, ________________________. 上周我通过了考试，那是很重要的考试。 2. Tom sold his house, ____________________________________. 汤姆卖掉了他的房子，这 （件事）使他的父亲很生气。 3. The professor has two sons, _________________ are studying in the same university. 教授有两个儿子，他们都在同一所大学读书。 4. ___________________, he studies very hard. 正如我们所知，他学习非常刻苦。 5. We will put off the outing until next week,___________________________. 我们要把远足延期到下周，那时我们就不会这么忙了。 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 非限制性定语从句（期中复习讲义） 单元 语法点 常考题型 命题趋势 选必一Unit1 非限制性定语从句 单项选择 语法填空等 1.注重素养：更加注重对学生英语核心素养的考查。 2.情境化突出：借助生活、学校、社会等多种情境，将语法考察与实际生活相结合。 3.文化传承与价值导向明显：注重选取具有文化内涵和思想价值的语篇。 知识点 一、非限制性定语从句的核心定义 定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句由关系代词和关系副词引导，但不能用that引导。 1.非限制性定语从句的本质作用： （1）对先行词进行补充说明/额外解释（非唯一性描述） （2）即使删去，主句仍完整且逻辑通顺 （3）与限制性定语从句的本质区别：无明确限定范围  2. 形式标志： 必须用逗号分隔 例句： 1.Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize, which is considered one of the highest international honours a person can receive. （非限制性定语从句） 2.They tested hundreds of Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against the disease. （限制性定语从句） 2、 非限制性定语从句的关系词 关系词 在定语从句中语法成分 关系代词 who, which，as 作主语、宾语 whom 作宾语 whose 作定语 关系副词 when, where 作状语 1. 关系代词as和which 关系代词 as 和 which 既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句。as 引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中；而 which 引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。相同的是两者都可指代主句的整个内容。 As is known to everybody, the moon travels around the earth. 众所周知，月球绕着地球转。 The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect. 出乎我们意料的是，天气变得非常好。 2. 常见的as搭配； as is known to all 众所周知 as you know 正如你所知道的那样 as is expected 正如所预料的那样 as we expected 正如我们所期待的 as has been mentioned above 正如上面所提到的 as is reported / said 正如报道/所说的那样 三、非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句对比 1. 形式不同 限制性定语从句常紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后，主、从句之间不用逗号隔开；非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不密切，常用逗号隔开，并且as引导的非限制性定语从句还可放在主句之前。 The number of people who/that own cars is increasing. I spoke to Dr. Smith just now, who is always ready to help others. As you know, I don’t like going out at weekends. 2. 作用不同 限制性定语从句对先行词进行修饰和限制，是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省略，主句意义会不完整； 非限制性定语从句对先行词是修饰，补充解释说明或对主句进行评述，去掉不影响。 Franklin was the first man who discovered the nature of electricity. 富兰克林是第一个发现电的本质的人。 The driver, （who was very young, ）had only just got his license. 这位（年轻的）司机刚刚拿到驾照。 3. 先行词不同 限制性定语从句的先行词一般是名词或代词； 非限制性定语从句的先行词既可以是名词或代词, 也可以是主句的一部分或整个主句 。 Things then improved, which surprised me. （先行词为整个主句，是对整个句子内容的说明） 4. 关系词不同 限制性定语从句可以由that, why引导，而非限制性定语从句不用；关系词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省略，在非限制性定语从句中通常不省略。 There were very few passengers that/who had escaped without serious injury. There were very few passengers, who had escaped without serious injury.（不能用that） Have you found the book (that/which) you want? (限制性定语从句，作want的宾语，可以省略) 5. whose用法相同 无论是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句，只要关系词在从句中作定语，都用whose引导。 I like the teacher whose classes are very interesting and lively. Edward, whose legs were badly hurt, was quickly taken to hospital. 6. 关系副词和“介词+ which / whom”用法相同 关系副词或“介词+ which / whom”可引导限制性定语从句，也引导非限制性定语从句。 He was born in the year when/in which the war broke out. We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, where/in which my grandparents live.  【即时检测】 Consequently, she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners, __________ can reduce oral bacteria. (2019 北京) 【答案】which 【解析】考察非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句的先行词为“natural sweeteners(甜味剂)”,在定语从句中作主语，用which。译为“因此，她成功地用天然甜味剂制作出了一种糖果，这种糖果能够减少口腔细菌。” 基础题（测试时间：10分钟） 1、 单项选择 1.（2023·北京海淀期中）The book, ______ I bought yesterday, is a bestseller. A. who B. which C. whom D. when 【答案】B 【解析】 非限制性定语从句，修饰物“the book”，用which。 2.（2022·浙江月考）Mr. Smith, ______ son is my classmate, is a famous doctor. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 【答案】C 【解析】 从句中son与Mr. Smith是所属关系，需用关系代词whose。 3.（2023·天津一中期末）We visited the Eiffel Tower, ______ we took many photos. A. which B. where C. that D. when 【答案】B 【解析】 从句结构完整，缺地点状语，修饰地点“the Eiffel Tower”，用where。 4.（2022·江苏南京月考）The meeting will be held next Monday, ______ I will be away on business. A. which B. when C. where D. that 【答案】B 【解析】 从句缺时间状语，修饰时间“next Monday”，用when。 5.（2023·上海徐汇期中）My brother, ______ lives in London, is coming to visit us. A. which B. who C. whom D. whose 【答案】B 【解析】 非限制性定语从句，修饰人“my brother”，在从句中作主语，用who。 6.（2022·广东深圳期末）She introduced me to her friend, ______ is a well-known artist. A. that B. which C. who D. whom 【答案】C 【解析】 修饰人“her friend”，在从句中作主语，用who。非限制性定语从句中不能用that。 7.（2023·湖南长沙月考）The car, ______ driver was a young man, stopped suddenly. A. who B. which C. whose D. whom 【答案】C 【解析】 从句中driver与the car是所属关系，需用whose。 8.（2022·四川成都期中）He failed the exam, ______ made his parents very disappointed. A. that B. which C. what D. when 【答案】B 【解析】 which指代前面整个主句“He failed the exam”这件事。 9.（2023·河北石家庄期末）I passed him a glass of water, ______ he drank immediately. A. which B. that C. whom D. when 【答案】A 【解析】 非限制性定语从句，修饰物“a glass of water”，用which。 10.（2022·湖北武汉月考）The weather turned out to be very good, ______ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it 【答案】B 【解析】 which指代整个主句“The weather turned out to be very good”这件事。 二、语法填空 1.（2023·北京海淀·期中） My eldest sister, __________ is a lawyer, always gives me good advice. 【答案】who 【解析】 非限制性定语从句，修饰人“my eldest sister”，关系代词在从句中作主语，故用who。 2.（2022·上海浦东新区·月考） We will put off the picnic until next week, __________ the weather may be better. 【答案】when 【解析】 非限制性定语从句，修饰时间“next week”，从句缺时间状语，故用关系副词when。 3.（2023·浙江杭州·期末） The smartphone, __________ I bought last month, was stolen yesterday. 【答案】which 【解析】 非限制性定语从句，修饰物“the smartphone”，关系代词在从句中作宾语，故用which。 4.（2022·广东广州·期中） The famous writer, __________ latest novel sold millions of copies, will give a talk at our school. 【答案】whose 【解析】 非限制性定语从句，表示所属关系，“the famous writer’s latest novel”，故用关系代词whose。 5. （2023·湖南长沙·月考） They moved to a new house, __________ has a big garden. 【答案】which 【解析】 非限制性定语从句，修饰物“a new house”，关系代词在从句中作主语，故用which。 6.（2022·江苏南京·期末） The manager invited me to dinner, __________ was very kind of him. 【答案】which 【解析】 which指代前面整个主句“The manager invited me to dinner”这件事。 7.（2023·湖北武汉·期中） The old couple have two sons, both of __________ are studying abroad. 【答案】whom 【解析】 “不定代词+of whom”结构，指人“two sons”，whom作介词of的宾语。 8.（2022·四川成都·月考） The school, in front of __________ stands a monument, was built 100 years ago. 【答案】which 【解析】 “介词+关系代词”结构，修饰物“the school”，故用which。 9.（2023·河北石家庄·模拟） I'd like to introduce you to Mr. Jones, __________ I think you know. 【答案】whom 【解析】 非限制性定语从句，修饰人“Mr. Jones”，关系代词在从句中作know的宾语，故用whom。I think是插入语。 10.（2022·天津·期末） He didn't win the race, __________ disappointed his coach. 【答案】which 【解析】 which指代前面整个主句“He didn't win the race”这件事，并在从句中作主语。 提升题（测试时间：10分钟） 1、 单项选择题 1.（2023·全国甲卷·改编） The company, ______ head office is located in Shanghai, has branches all over the world. A. which B. whose C. that D. whom 【答案】B 【解析】 非限制性定语从句，表示所属关系，“the company’s head office”，故用关系代词whose。 2.（2022·新高考I卷·改编） The artist, ______ works are popular around the world, will visit our city next week. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 【答案】C 【解析】 非限制性定语从句，表示所属关系，“the artist’s works”，故用关系代词whose。 3.（2023·江苏启东中学·调研） He is a man of great experience, ______ whom we can learn a lot. A. from B. for C. to D. with 【答案】A 【解析】 “介词+关系代词”结构。learn from sb. 是固定搭配，意为“向某人学习”，故用from whom。 4.（2022·福建厦门一中·质检） She said she had finished her work, ______ I doubt very much. A. who B. which C. that D. whom 【答案】B 【解析】 which指代前面整个主句“she had finished her work”这件事，并在从句中作doubt的宾语。 5.（2023·山东潍坊一模） As ______ recorded in history, the event changed the course of the war. A. it B. that C. is D. which 【答案】C 【解析】 as引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面整个主句，并在从句中作主语，其后直接接动词recorded，故用as is。 2、 语法填空题 1.（2023·全国乙卷·改编） She has overcome many difficulties, __________ shows that she is a strong person. （非限制性定语从句） 【答案】which 【解析】 which指代前面整个主句“She has overcome many difficulties”这件事，并在从句中作主语。 2.（2022·新高考I卷·改编） The project will be completed next year, __________ by __________ time the new factory will be fully operational. （非限制性定语从句） 【答案】by which time 【解析】 “介词+关系代词”结构。which指代“next year”，"by which time"意为“到明年那时”。 3.（2023·江苏苏锡常镇·一模） The scientist, __________ whom we have great respect, has made another important discovery. （非限制性定语从句） 【答案】for 【解析】 “介词+关系代词”结构。have respect for sb. 是固定搭配，意为“尊敬某人”，故用for whom。 4.（2022·广东六校·联考） He wasn't satisfied with the result, __________ can be seen from his expression. （非限制性定语从句） 【答案】as 【解析】 as引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句“He wasn't satisfied with the result”，意为“这一点，正如”。 5.（2023·湖北八市·联考） There are 50 students in our class, 30 of __________ are from the city. （非限制性定语从句） 【答案】whom 【解析】 “数词+of whom”结构，指人“50 students”，whom作介词of的宾语。 拓展题（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择题 1.（2023·上海交大附中·竞赛） He may be late, in ______ case we need to wait for him. A. what B. which C. that D. whose 【答案】B 【解析】 “in which case”是固定结构，which指代前面“He may be late”整个情况，意为“如果那样的话”。 2.（2022·清华附中·培优） I have never seen such a beautiful sunset ______ I saw yesterday. A. that B. which C. as D. what 【答案】C 【解析】 固定结构“such... as”，as引导定语从句，在从句中作saw的宾语。 3.（2023·华师一附中·冲刺） ______ is mentioned above, the number of the students in this school has doubled. A. Which B. As C. That D. It 【答案】B 【解析】 as引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如”，放于句首，指代整个主句。 4.（2022·深圳中学·联考） The professor entered the hall, ______ by many students. A. following B. to follow C. followed D. to be followed 【答案】C 【解析】 此题考查非限制性定语从句的省略形式。原句为“..., who was followed by many students.”，省略了“who was”，只留下过去分词followed作状语。 5.（2023·东北师大附中·压轴） It was in the lab, ______ was equipped with the latest devices, ______ the breakthrough was made. A. which; that B. that; which C. which; which D. that; that 【答案】A 【解析】 第一空：非限制性定语从句修饰“the lab”，关系代词在从句中作主语，故用which。第二空：这是一个强调句“It was ... that ...”，强调地点状语“in the lab”。句子意为“就是在那个配备了最新设备的实验室里，取得了这项突破。” 二、语法填空题 1.（2023·上海交大附中·竞赛） He might be busy, in __________ case just leave him a message. （非限制性定语从句） 【答案】which 【解析】 “in which case”是固定结构，which指代前面“He might be busy”整个情况，意为“如果那样的话”。 2.（2022·清华附中·培优） It was a time __________ people began to talk about women's rights. （非限制性定语从句） 【答案】when 【解析】 非限制性定语从句，修饰抽象的时间“a time”，从句缺时间状语，故用关系副词when。 3.（2023·华师一附中·冲刺） __________ is often the case with children, Amy was completely better by the time the doctor arrived. （非限制性定语从句） 【答案】As 【解析】 as引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如”，放于句首，指代整个主句“Amy was completely better...”。 4.（2022·深圳中学·联考） She said nothing, __________ made me feel even more nervous. （非限制性定语从句） 【答案】which 【解析】 which指代前面整个主句“She said nothing”这件事，并在从句中作主语。 5.（2023·东北师大附中·压轴） The visitor asked the guide to take his picture in front of the statue, __________ was the only place he wanted to visit. （非限制性定语从句） 【答案】which 【解析】 which指代前面的“the statue”，并在从句中作主语。注意：虽然place是地点，但此处从句缺主语，而非地点状语，故不用where。 三、完成句子 1. Last week I passed the examination, ________________________. 上周我通过了考试，那是很重要的考试。 【答案】which was important 2. Tom sold his house, ____________________________________. 汤姆卖掉了他的房子，这 （件事）使他的父亲很生气。 【答案】which made his father very angry 3. The professor has two sons, _________________ are studying in the same university. 教授有两个儿子，他们都在同一所大学读书。 【答案】both of whom 4. ___________________, he studies very hard. 正如我们所知，他学习非常刻苦。 【答案】As we all know 5. We will put off the outing until next week,___________________________. 我们要把远足延期到下周，那时我们就不会这么忙了。 【答案】when we won’t be so busy 1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $