内容正文:
语法专题 现在进行时、一般过去时(期中复习讲义)
单元
语法点
常考题型
命题趋势
Bridge Unit 1-3
一般现在时、代词
单项选择
语法选择
语法填空
情景运用
英汉翻译
写句子等
1.注重素养:更加注重对学生英语核心素养的考查。
2.情境化突出:语境化推理要求提高:语法考查逐渐摆脱单纯的语法条文背诵,而是更多通过对话、故事情节、图片场景等形式,让考生在具体语境氛围中推敲判断合适的时态,名词的单复数,代词的变换。要求学生依据人物关系、场景氛围、情绪状态等来确定动词时间状态和人称单复数变化等。
3.文化传承与价值导向明显:注重选取具有文化内涵和思想价值的语篇。
5. 复合语法点综合考查:在日常测试和正式考试中,时态、代词、名词、数词、连词等放在一起考查的情况增多,需要学生构建起完备的语法知识体系 。
Unit1-3
名词、代词、一般现在时
知识点01 代词
一、指示代词
指示代词是用来指定或确认某人或某事物的代词。详见下表:
单数
复数
近指
this
these
远指
that
those
指示代词的用法。
1.this/these一般指在空间和时间上较近的事物, that/those一般指在空间和时间上较远的事物。如,
This is a map of China and that is a map of the world. 这是一张中国地图, 那是一张世界地图。
In those years they led a hard life. 在那些岁月里, 他们生活得很艰难。
2.在表示比较的句子中, that指代可数名词单数或不可数名词, those指代复数的人或物。
The weather in Harbin is much colder than that in Guangzhou.
哈尔滨的天气比广州冷得多。
I like these books better than those.
我喜欢这些书胜过那些书。
3.问句中出现指示代词,答语中要用it代替this/that, they 代替these/those. 如,
---What’s this? ---It’s a bike.
---What are those? ---They’re oranges.
二、人称代词
人称代词主要有主格和宾格之别。主格在句中作主语,宾格在句中作宾语。请看下表。
单、复数
单数
复数
人称
一
二
三
一
二
三
意义
我
你
他
她
它
我们
你们
他们
主格
I
you
he
she
it
we
you
they
宾格
me
you
him
her
it
us
you
them
三、物主代词
物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。形容词性物主代词作定语修饰名词,名词性物主代词相当于名词后不加名词。请看下表
单、复数
单数
复数
人称
一
二
三
一
二
三
人称
我的
你的
他的
她的
它的
我们的
你们的
他们的
形容词性
my
your
his
her
its
ours
your
their
名词性
mine
yours
his
hers
its
ours
yours
theirs
形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的区别
1.形容词性物主代词位于名词前, 用作定语, 限定该名词的意义。相当于一个形容词其后加名词。
2.名词性物主代词在句子中充当主语、宾语或表语, 相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”相当于一个名词, 后面不能再跟名词。
易|错|点|拨
1、指示代词答语指代错误。
❌--- what’s this? ---This is an orange. → ✅ --- what’s this? ---It is an orange.
2、人称代词物主代词混用。
❌ ---Is this your pen? ---No, it’s she. → ✅ ---Is this your pen? ---No, it’s hers.
3、人称代词主格宾格混淆。
❌ Mr Wang is our English teacher, we all like he. → ✅ Mr Wang is our English teacher, we all like him.
4、形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词混淆。
❌ I pen is black. → ✅ My pen is black.
解|题|技|巧
1.根据语境和意义判断人称代词和物主代词:翻译成汉语有“的”合适就是物主代词,反之,则为人称代词。
人称代词在句中作主语(主格)和宾语(宾格),物主代词表示所属关系,形容性物主代词在句中作定语,其后紧跟名词,名词性物主代词后面则无名词。
Mr Wang teaches us English. His class is very interesting.
【即时检测】用所给代词的适当形式填空
1. Since Peter isn’t here, may I take a message for __________(he)?
2.Everyone likes my father because__________(him)is friendly.
3.This apple is for you and this is for__________(I).
4. Miss White is very kind. We all like__________(she).
5. —Excuse me, is this your iPad?
—No, it isn’t. __________(I)is at home.
6. —Whose dictionary is this? Is it Mary’s?
—No, it isn’t. __________(she)is in her schoolbag.
7. My brother likes painting. It’s one of__________ (he) hobbies.
8. —Whose French books are these?
—Only Grace and Dick have learnt French. It must belong to__________(they).
知识点02 名词
一、名词的概念与分类。
1.表示人或事物名称的词叫名词。
2.名词的种类 一般把名词分为两大类:专有名词与普通名词。普通名词又包括个体名词,集体名词,物质名词和抽象名词。
专有名词是指:个人、事物、机构等所专有的名称,如,the Great Wall, America…它们是不能随意变动的。首字母要大写。
二、名词的可数性。
名词按其可数性可分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词都有单数和复数之分; 不可数名词没有复数形式。
1. 可数名词:可数名词是可以用数量加以计算的名词,所以它具有单数形式和复数形式两种。
规则复数变化
1)多数在词尾加-s
2)以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词加-es e.g. match—matches
3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,改y为i,再加-es e.g. story—stories
4)以f,fe结尾的名词,一般把f,fe改为v,再加-es e.g. leaf—leaves
但也有只加-s e.g. roof—roofs
5) 以o结尾的名词,多数加-es e.g. hero—heroes 但也有只加-s e.g. piano—pianos
注:以 o 结尾的名词,我们可按下面一条规律来记住它们的复数形式: 指人和农作物的加 -es、其他的加 -s. (或者是有生命的加 -es,无生命的加 -s)
初中阶段常见的:heroes, potatoes, tomatoes
初中阶段常见的不规则变化有:
①名词单复数同形: sheep, deer, fish, Chinese, Japanese
②man—men woman-women ,tooth—teeth, foot-feet
③child—children ,mouse-mice
2.不可数名词:不可数名词不能用数字计算,所以它通常只有单数形式。不可数名词不能与a/an和数词连用。它包含有专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词等,如:English,air,water,cotton,work…。需表示数量时,常用表示量的词或短语:
a piece of 一片,一块,a cup of一杯, a bottle of一瓶,a bag of一袋 , a glass of一玻璃杯
三、名词所有格
名词所有格表示所属关系,其构成形式如下:
1.在单数名词和不以s结尾的复数名词后面加’s e.g. my mother’s room the children’s book
2.以s结尾的单数名词后面加’或’s均可 e.g.my boss’/boss’s office
3.以s结尾的复数名词后只需加’ e.g. the ladies’ room
4.如果一样东西为几个人所共有,则在最后一个名词后加’s;如果不是共有,则在每个名词后都加’s
e.g. These are Tom and Jack’s books.(两个人共有)/These are Tom’s and Jack’s books.
易|错|点|拨
1、名词单数变复数规则不熟悉。
❌ These tomatos are very beautiful. → ✅ These tomatoes are very beautiful.
2、忽略名词单数变复数
❌ I like banana for breakfast.→ ✅ I like bananas for breakfast.
3、分不清可数名词与不可数名词。
❌ I need some papers . → ✅ I need some paper .
解|题|技|巧
根据语境,意义和语法规则判断是可数名词还是不可数名词。可数名词一般不能单独出现在句子中,要么a/an 加单数,要么用复数形式。名词所有格表示所属关系,翻译成汉语为“某人的”。
1.Mr Wang is an English teacher.
2.My hat is in my grandparents’ room.
【即时检测】用所给代词的适当形式填空
用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. Would you like some__________(tomato)for dinner?
2. We should do something to stop people from killing animals for fur, __________(tooth)and meat.
3. —How many teachers are there in your school?
—Ninety-eight, and fifty among them are__________(woman)teachers.
4. I bought some pencils and__________(knife)for the pupils this morning.
5. My brother had some bread and two__________(bag)of__________(milk)for breakfast this morning.
知识点03 一般现在时
一、一般现在时的用法:
1.用来表示现在的状态,特征。如:He works in a big company.
The book is very interesting.
2.表示习惯性和经常发生的动作。 如:I often go to bed at 9∶30
3. 表示普遍事实或客观真理。 如,The earth moves around the sun.
4.在时间、条件状语从句中, 表示将要发生的动作,即“主将从现”原则。
如,If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will leave.
二、一般现在时常见标志词
常与下列时间状语连用:
1)always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly, never等频度副词。
如,They usually go to school by bike.
2)once a year, twice a week, every year/day/week等。
如,He writes to his father twice a month.
三、谓语动词的构成形式:
主语+动词原形/第三人称单数形式(三单)+----.
【注意】是动词原形还是三单取决于主语,当主语是第三人称单数(he,she,it)时,谓语动词为三单,反之,则为动词原形。
如,He plays basketball everyday. I have noodles for breakfast.
动词原形变单三记住六个字母:s,es, ies.具体说,
1)一般情况直接在动词后加s,如,work- works, stay – stays
2)以s,x,ch,sh o,结尾的加es,如,watch- watches,finish- finishes
3)以辅音字母加y结尾加,如 study - studies
四、句型转换
句型
结构
例句
肯定句
主语 + 动词原形/三单形式
He reads books.
否定句
主语 + don't/doesn't + 动词原形
She doesn't like coffee.
一般疑问句
Do/Does + 主语 + 动词原形?
Do you speak English?
特殊疑问句
疑问词 + do/does + 主语 + 动词原形?
What does she eat for breakfast?
注意:
否定句/疑问句中,doesn't/don't 后的动词恢复原形(如:He doesn't play games.)
be动词的疑问句直接提前(如:Is she a teacher?)
易|错|点|拨
1、三单动词忘记加 -s
❌ She go to school. → ✅ She goes to school.
2、否定句/疑问句中动词未还原
❌ Does she likes music? → ✅ Does she like music?
3、be动词与实义动词混用
❌ She is likes apples. → ✅ She likes apples.
4、时间状语位置错误
❌ She goes to school every day on foot. → ✅ She goes to school on foot every day.
解|题|技|巧
根据用法和标志词判断时态。
Tom usually goes to school by bike. (usually→一般现在时主语Tom 三单→goes.)
【即时检测】用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. —What does your mother do to keep healthy, Tim?
—She usually ______ (swim).
2. Some teenagers often argue with their parents, they don’t ___ (understand) their parents.
3. —Is your mother a teacher?
—Yes, she is. She _____ (teach)at a junior high school.
4. Many city people____ (ride)their bikes to work every day.
5. My grandfather usually ______ (get)up early to take a walk in the park.
夯实基础(测试时间:10分钟)
单项选择
1.—Who is __________English teacher?
—Miss Gao. She teaches ______English now.
A. our, us B. we, us C. we, our D. our, we
2.﹣Do you know who taught _____Russian?
﹣Nobody.He learned it by ______.
A.his; himself B.him; him C.him; himself D.his; him
3. Thanks for helping _________ , Mary. I have improved my English a lot.
A. me B. you C. him D. her
4.—What else do you need, sir?
—________ else. I’ve got enough. Thanks.
A. Nothing B. Anything C. Something D. Everything
5.一Did you enjoy in Chengdu last week?
一Yes,I had great fun there.
A.myself B.yourself C.ourselves D.Themselves
6. Daming has collected 5,000 _____.
A. bus tickets B. buses ticket C. bus ticket D. buses tickets
7.-- When is _____ Day?
-- It’s on June 1st, Dave.
A. Child B. Children C. Child’s D. Children’s
8.The letter from my uncle was short. There wasn't news.
A. many B. a few C. much D. few
9. He ______ newspapers at 8:00 every evening.
A.reads B. is reading C. was reading D. has read
10.My father ______ the underground to work on weekdays. He is a green consumer.
A. take B. takes C. took D. has taken
提升训练(测试时间:15分钟)
一、单项选择。
1 (2025年甘肃天水中考真题) The purple scarf is not the girl’s. ________ is blue.
A. Its B. Hers C. Mine D. His
2. Helen is good at math, so she ______ her brother with his math every day.
A. is helping B. helped C. helps D. has helped
3.. (2025·四川达州·中考真题) —Who left a notebook in the English club?
—It's not ______. Maybe it's ______.
A. me, Jack's B. mine, Jack's C. mine, Jack
4. (2025·天津·中考真题) ______ sister is in the school tennis team. I'm proud of ______.
A. I; she B. I; her C. My; she D. My; her
5.. (2025·黑龙江·中考真题) There ______ no yogurt and no tomatoes on the shopping list. We need to add ______ to the salad.
A. is; them B. are; them C. are; it
二、用所给单词的正确形式填空。
6. (2025年安徽省中考真题改编). I often rest under the trees and my pet dog s________ (sleep) beside me.
7.(2023年东营动词填空节选)“Yeah, and the tree is old and beautiful. It helps keep our air clean. It also ________ (give) us shade (树荫) from the sun,” Alex said.
8. Every year, our city ________(provide) books and school things for the children in mountain villages.
9.(2023年济南阅读填空节选)I left it on the bus on the way back to ________ (we) school.
10.(2025年济南市济阳一模阅读填空节选)His mom now gives (he) ideas.
11.(2025年济南市历城区一模阅读填空节选) . ______ (them) shouted and scared the bear outside.
12.(2025年济南市高新区二模节选)young children can give _________ (they) a helping hand.
13.(2023年娄底语法填空节选)My parents did all the ___ __(chore).
14. (2022年潍坊语法填空节选)The ___ __(name)in red ink are people who live in London.
15. Our school bought two__________(piano)for music lessons although they were very expensive.
拓展提高(测试时间:20分钟)
一、语法填空
Hi Flora,
Thanks for your email. To answer 1._______(you) question, my new school is great! It’s very beautiful. There 2.________(be) many modern buildings.
There’s a large sports field next to the 3.__________(teacher) building. All the 4._______(student) go there and do exercises together in the morning. It’s amazing! Every Monday our school 5.________(raise) the flag there. It’s 6._______special way to start the week.
The classroom building is behind the sports field. We spend most of the time in 7.______(we) classroom. It’s big and clean. Every week, we 8.______ seats. This week I sit next to my best friend, Han Lin.
The dining hall is across 9.________the sports field. It’s my favourite place 10.______ there are many kinds of food. I love the Chinese food there. They make delicious jiaozi.
How about your school?
Yours,
Peter
二、情景运用
11.
A:Where is the basketball?
B:_____________________________.
12.
A: Whose English book is this?
B:__________________________.
13.
A: What’s this in English?
B:___________________________.
14.
A:_______________________________
B: Yes, she does. She plays the piano every day.
15.
A:___________________________________
B: Yes, there is. It’s next to the Student Center.
3 / 3
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语法专题 现在进行时、一般过去时(期中复习讲义)
单元
语法点
常考题型
命题趋势
Bridge Unit 1-3
一般现在时、代词
单项选择
语法选择
语法填空
情景运用
英汉翻译
写句子等
1.注重素养:更加注重对学生英语核心素养的考查。
2.情境化突出:语境化推理要求提高:语法考查逐渐摆脱单纯的语法条文背诵,而是更多通过对话、故事情节、图片场景等形式,让考生在具体语境氛围中推敲判断合适的时态,名词的单复数,代词的变换。要求学生依据人物关系、场景氛围、情绪状态等来确定动词时间状态和人称单复数变化等。
3.文化传承与价值导向明显:注重选取具有文化内涵和思想价值的语篇。
5. 复合语法点综合考查:在日常测试和正式考试中,时态、代词、名词、数词、连词等放在一起考查的情况增多,需要学生构建起完备的语法知识体系 。
Unit1-3
名词、代词、一般现在时
知识点01 代词
一、指示代词
指示代词是用来指定或确认某人或某事物的代词。详见下表:
单数
复数
近指
this
these
远指
that
those
指示代词的用法。
1.this/these一般指在空间和时间上较近的事物, that/those一般指在空间和时间上较远的事物。如,
This is a map of China and that is a map of the world. 这是一张中国地图, 那是一张世界地图。
In those years they led a hard life. 在那些岁月里, 他们生活得很艰难。
2.在表示比较的句子中, that指代可数名词单数或不可数名词, those指代复数的人或物。
The weather in Harbin is much colder than that in Guangzhou.
哈尔滨的天气比广州冷得多。
I like these books better than those.
我喜欢这些书胜过那些书。
3.问句中出现指示代词,答语中要用it代替this/that, they 代替these/those. 如,
---What’s this? ---It’s a bike.
---What are those? ---They’re oranges.
二、人称代词
人称代词主要有主格和宾格之别。主格在句中作主语,宾格在句中作宾语。请看下表。
单、复数
单数
复数
人称
一
二
三
一
二
三
意义
我
你
他
她
它
我们
你们
他们
主格
I
you
he
she
it
we
you
they
宾格
me
you
him
her
it
us
you
them
三、物主代词
物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。形容词性物主代词作定语修饰名词,名词性物主代词相当于名词后不加名词。请看下表
单、复数
单数
复数
人称
一
二
三
一
二
三
人称
我的
你的
他的
她的
它的
我们的
你们的
他们的
形容词性
my
your
his
her
its
ours
your
their
名词性
mine
yours
his
hers
its
ours
yours
theirs
形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的区别
1.形容词性物主代词位于名词前, 用作定语, 限定该名词的意义。相当于一个形容词其后加名词。
2.名词性物主代词在句子中充当主语、宾语或表语, 相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”相当于一个名词, 后面不能再跟名词。
易|错|点|拨
1、指示代词答语指代错误。
❌--- what’s this? ---This is an orange. → ✅ --- what’s this? ---It is an orange.
2、人称代词物主代词混用。
❌ ---Is this your pen? ---No, it’s she. → ✅ ---Is this your pen? ---No, it’s hers.
3、人称代词主格宾格混淆。
❌ Mr Wang is our English teacher, we all like he. → ✅ Mr Wang is our English teacher, we all like him.
4、形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词混淆。
❌ I pen is black. → ✅ My pen is black.
解|题|技|巧
1.根据语境和意义判断人称代词和物主代词:翻译成汉语有“的”合适就是物主代词,反之,则为人称代词。
人称代词在句中作主语(主格)和宾语(宾格),物主代词表示所属关系,形容性物主代词在句中作定语,其后紧跟名词,名词性物主代词后面则无名词。
Mr Wang teaches us English. His class is very interesting.
【即时检测】用所给代词的适当形式填空
1. Since Peter isn’t here, may I take a message for __________(he)?
答案:him
解析:介词“for”后需接人称代词宾格,“he”的宾格形式为“him”。
2. Everyone likes my father because__________(him)is friendly.
答案:he
解析:此处为句子主语,需用人称代词主格,“him”的主格形式为“he”。
3. This apple is for you and this is for__________(I).
答案:me
解析:介词“for”后接宾格,“I”的宾格形式为“me”。
4. Miss White is very kind. We all like__________(she).
答案:her
解析:动词“like”后接宾语,需用宾格,“she”的宾格形式为“her”。
5. —Excuse me, is this your iPad?
—No, it isn’t. __________(I)is at home.
答案:Mine
解析:此处需用名词性物主代词指代“我的iPad”,“I”的名词性物主代词为“Mine”。
6. —Whose dictionary is this? Is it Mary’s?
—No, it isn’t. __________(she)is in her schoolbag.
答案:Hers
解析:此处需用名词性物主代词指代“Mary的字典”,“she”的名词性物主代词为“Hers”。
7. My brother likes painting. It’s one of__________ (he) hobbies.
答案:his
解析:名词“hobbies”前需形容词性物主代词修饰,“he”的形容词性物主代词为“his”。
8. —Whose French books are these?
—Only Grace and Dick have learnt French. It must belong to__________(they).
答案:them
解析:介词“to”后接宾格,“they”的宾格形式为“them”。
知识点02 名词
一、名词的概念与分类。
1.表示人或事物名称的词叫名词。
2.名词的种类 一般把名词分为两大类:专有名词与普通名词。普通名词又包括个体名词,集体名词,物质名词和抽象名词。
专有名词是指:个人、事物、机构等所专有的名称,如,the Great Wall, America…它们是不能随意变动的。首字母要大写。
二、名词的可数性。
名词按其可数性可分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词都有单数和复数之分; 不可数名词没有复数形式。
1. 可数名词:可数名词是可以用数量加以计算的名词,所以它具有单数形式和复数形式两种。
规则复数变化
1)多数在词尾加-s
2)以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词加-es e.g. match—matches
3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,改y为i,再加-es e.g. story—stories
4)以f,fe结尾的名词,一般把f,fe改为v,再加-es e.g. leaf—leaves
但也有只加-s e.g. roof—roofs
5) 以o结尾的名词,多数加-es e.g. hero—heroes 但也有只加-s e.g. piano—pianos
注:以 o 结尾的名词,我们可按下面一条规律来记住它们的复数形式: 指人和农作物的加 -es、其他的加 -s. (或者是有生命的加 -es,无生命的加 -s)
初中阶段常见的:heroes, potatoes, tomatoes
初中阶段常见的不规则变化有:
①名词单复数同形: sheep, deer, fish, Chinese, Japanese
②man—men woman-women ,tooth—teeth, foot-feet
③child—children ,mouse-mice
2.不可数名词:不可数名词不能用数字计算,所以它通常只有单数形式。不可数名词不能与a/an和数词连用。它包含有专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词等,如:English,air,water,cotton,work…。需表示数量时,常用表示量的词或短语:
a piece of 一片,一块,a cup of一杯, a bottle of一瓶,a bag of一袋 , a glass of一玻璃杯
三、名词所有格
名词所有格表示所属关系,其构成形式如下:
1.在单数名词和不以s结尾的复数名词后面加’s e.g. my mother’s room the children’s book
2.以s结尾的单数名词后面加’或’s均可 e.g.my boss’/boss’s office
3.以s结尾的复数名词后只需加’ e.g. the ladies’ room
4.如果一样东西为几个人所共有,则在最后一个名词后加’s;如果不是共有,则在每个名词后都加’s
e.g. These are Tom and Jack’s books.(两个人共有)/These are Tom’s and Jack’s books.
易|错|点|拨
1、名词单数变复数规则不熟悉。
❌ These tomatos are very beautiful. → ✅ These tomatoes are very beautiful.
2、忽略名词单数变复数
❌ I like banana for breakfast.→ ✅ I like bananas for breakfast.
3、分不清可数名词与不可数名词。
❌ I need some papers . → ✅ I need some paper .
解|题|技|巧
根据语境,意义和语法规则判断是可数名词还是不可数名词。可数名词一般不能单独出现在句子中,要么a/an 加单数,要么用复数形式。名词所有格表示所属关系,翻译成汉语为“某人的”。
1.Mr Wang is an English teacher.
2.My hat is in my grandparents’ room.
【即时检测】用所给代词的适当形式填空
用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. Would you like some__________(tomato)for dinner?
答案:tomatoes
解析:“some”后接可数名词复数或不可数名词,“tomato”是可数名词,其复数形式为“tomatoes”(以“o”结尾且表示有生命的事物,复数加“es”)。
2. We should do something to stop people from killing animals for fur, __________(tooth)and meat.
答案:teeth
解析:“tooth”是可数名词,此处与“fur”“meat”并列,指动物的牙齿(泛指),需用复数形式“teeth”(不规则变化)。
3. —How many teachers are there in your school?
—Ninety-eight, and fifty among them are__________(woman)teachers.
答案:women
解析:由“man”“woman”修饰的复合名词变复数时,前后两个名词都需变复数,“woman”的复数形式为“women”,故此处填“women”。
4. I bought some pencils and__________(knife)for the pupils this morning.
答案:knives
解析:“some”后接可数名词复数,“knife”是以“fe”结尾的可数名词,其复数形式需变“fe”为“v”再加“es”,即“knives”。
5. My brother had some bread and two__________(bag)of__________(milk)for breakfast this morning.
答案:bags;milk
解析:第一空,“two”后接可数名词复数,“bag”的复数形式为“bags”;第二空,“milk”是不可数名词,无复数形式,故直接填“milk”。
知识点03 一般现在时
一、一般现在时的用法:
1.用来表示现在的状态,特征。如:He works in a big company.
The book is very interesting.
2.表示习惯性和经常发生的动作。 如:I often go to bed at 9∶30
3. 表示普遍事实或客观真理。 如,The earth moves around the sun.
4.在时间、条件状语从句中, 表示将要发生的动作,即“主将从现”原则。
如,If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will leave.
二、一般现在时常见标志词
常与下列时间状语连用:
1)always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly, never等频度副词。
如,They usually go to school by bike.
2)once a year, twice a week, every year/day/week等。
如,He writes to his father twice a month.
三、谓语动词的构成形式:
主语+动词原形/第三人称单数形式(三单)+----.
【注意】是动词原形还是三单取决于主语,当主语是第三人称单数(he,she,it)时,谓语动词为三单,反之,则为动词原形。
如,He plays basketball everyday. I have noodles for breakfast.
动词原形变单三记住六个字母:s,es, ies.具体说,
1)一般情况直接在动词后加s,如,work- works, stay – stays
2)以s,x,ch,sh o,结尾的加es,如,watch- watches,finish- finishes
3)以辅音字母加y结尾加,如 study - studies
四、句型转换
句型
结构
例句
肯定句
主语 + 动词原形/三单形式
He reads books.
否定句
主语 + don't/doesn't + 动词原形
She doesn't like coffee.
一般疑问句
Do/Does + 主语 + 动词原形?
Do you speak English?
特殊疑问句
疑问词 + do/does + 主语 + 动词原形?
What does she eat for breakfast?
注意:
否定句/疑问句中,doesn't/don't 后的动词恢复原形(如:He doesn't play games.)
be动词的疑问句直接提前(如:Is she a teacher?)
易|错|点|拨
1、三单动词忘记加 -s
❌ She go to school. → ✅ She goes to school.
2、否定句/疑问句中动词未还原
❌ Does she likes music? → ✅ Does she like music?
3、be动词与实义动词混用
❌ She is likes apples. → ✅ She likes apples.
4、时间状语位置错误
❌ She goes to school every day on foot. → ✅ She goes to school on foot every day.
解|题|技|巧
根据用法和标志词判断时态。
Tom usually goes to school by bike. (usually→一般现在时主语Tom 三单→goes.)
【即时检测】用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. —What does your mother do to keep healthy, Tim?
—She usually ______ (swim).
答案:swims
解析:句子主语“she”是第三人称单数,且由“usually”可知时态为一般现在时,谓语动词需用第三人称单数
形式,“swim”的第三人称单数是“swims”。
2. Some teenagers often argue with their parents, they don’t ___ (understand) their parents.
答案:understand
解析:助动词“don’t”后接动词原形,无论主语是第几人称,此处直接填“understand”。
3. —Is your mother a teacher?
—Yes, she is. She _____ (teach)at a junior high school.
答案:teaches
解析:主语“she”是第三人称单数,句子描述客观事实,时态为一般现在时,“teach”的第三人称单数形式为
“teaches”(以“ch”结尾,加“es”)。
4. Many city people____ (ride)their bikes to work every day.
答案:ride
解析:主语“many city people”是复数,且由“every day”可知时态为一般现在时,复数主语后接动词原形,故
填“ride”。
5. My grandfather usually ______ (get)up early to take a walk in the park.
答案:gets
解析:主语“my grandfather”是第三人称单数,“usually”表明时态为一般现在时,“get”的第三人称单数形式为
“gets”(以“t”结尾,直接加“s”)。
夯实基础(测试时间:10分钟)
单项选择
1.—Who is __________English teacher?
—Miss Gao. She teaches ______English now.
A. our, us B. we, us C. we, our D. our, we
答案:A。
解析:第一空“our”(我们的 ),是形容词性物主代词,修饰“English teacher”,句意为“谁是我们的英语老师” ;第二空“us”(我们 ),是宾格,作“teaches”的宾语,“teach sb. sth.”(教某人某事 ),句意为“她现在教我们英语” 。
2.﹣Do you know who taught _____Russian?
﹣Nobody.He learned it by ______.
A.his; himself B.him; him C.him; himself D.his; him
答案:C。
解析:第一空“him”(他 ),宾格,作“taught”的宾语,句意为“你知道谁教他俄语吗” ;第二空“himself”(他自己 ),“by oneself”(独自 ),句意为“没人教。他自学的” 。
3. Thanks for helping _________ , Mary. I have improved my English a lot.
A. me B. you C. him D. her
答案:A。
解析:“me”(我 ),宾格,作“helping”的宾语,句意为“玛丽,感谢你帮助我。我的英语提高了很多” 。
4.—What else do you need, sir?
—________ else. I’ve got enough. Thanks.
A. Nothing B. Anything C. Something D. Everything
答案:A。
解析:“Nothing”(没有什么 ),句意为“先生,你还需要什么?没什么别的了。我已经够了。谢谢” ,根据后文“enough”可知不需要其他东西。
5.一Did you enjoy in Chengdu last week?
一Yes,I had great fun there.
A.myself B.yourself C.ourselves D.Themselves
答案:B。
解析:“yourself”(你自己 ),“enjoy oneself”(玩得开心 ),句意为“你上周在成都玩得开心吗?是的,我在那儿玩得很开心” 。
6. Daming has collected 5,000 _____.
A. bus tickets B. buses ticket C. bus ticket D. buses tickets
答案:A
解析:“bus ticket”意为“公共汽车票”,是可数名词,其复数形式是“bus tickets”。“5,000”修饰可数名词复数,所以选A。
7.-- When is _____ Day?
-- It’s on June 1st, Dave.
A. Child B. Children C. Child’s D. Children’s
答案:D
解析:“Children's Day”表示“儿童节”,是固定用法,故选D。
8.The letter from my uncle was short. There wasn't news.
A. many B. a few C. much D. few
答案:C
解析:“news”是不可数名词,“many”“a few”“few”修饰可数名词复数,“much”修饰不可数名词,故选C。
9. He ______ newspapers at 8:00 every evening.
A.reads B. is reading C. was reading D. has read
答案:A
解析:由“every evening”(每天晚上)可知句子时态为一般现在时,主语“he”是第三人称单数,谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式,“read”的第三人称单数为“reads”,故选A。
10.My father ______ the underground to work on weekdays. He is a green consumer.
A. take B. takes C. took D. has taken
答案:B
解析:由“on weekdays”(在工作日)可知句子描述习惯性动作,时态为一般现在时;主语“my father”是第三人称单数,谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式,“take”的第三人称单数为“takes”,故选B。
提升训练(测试时间:15分钟)
一、单项选择。
1 (2025年甘肃天水中考真题) The purple scarf is not the girl’s. ________ is blue.
A. Its B. Hers C. Mine D. His
答案: B
解析:句意:这条紫色围巾不是那个女孩。她的(围巾)是蓝色的。
考查代词辨析。Its它的;Hers她的;Mine我的;His他的。根据“girl’s”可知,是指她的围巾。故选B。
2. Helen is good at math, so she ______ her brother with his math every day.
A. is helping B. helped C. helps D. has helped
答案:C
解析:由“every day”可知句子描述习惯性动作,时态为一般现在时;主语“she”是第三人称单数,谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式“helps”,故选C。
3. (2025·四川达州·中考真题) —Who left a notebook in the English club?
—It's not ______. Maybe it's ______.
A. me, Jack's B. mine, Jack's C. mine, Jack
答案:B
解析:第一空后无名词,需用名词性物主代词“mine”(相当于“my notebook”),排除A;第二空表示“杰克的(笔记本)”,需用名词所有格“Jack's”,故选B。
4. (2025·天津·中考真题) ______ sister is in the school tennis team. I'm proud of ______.
A. I; she B. I; her C. My; she D. My; her
答案:D
解析:第一空修饰名词“sister”,需用形容词性物主代词“my”,排除A、B;第二空作介词“of”的宾语,需用宾格“her”,排除C,故选D。
5. (2025·黑龙江·中考真题) There ______ no yogurt and no tomatoes on the shopping list. We need to add ______ to the salad.
A. is; them B. are; them C. are; it
答案:A
解析:第一空,“there be”句型遵循“就近原则”,“yogurt”(酸奶)是不可数名词,be动词用“is”,排除B、C;第二空指代前文“yogurt and tomatoes”,需用复数宾格“them”,故选A。
二、用所给单词的正确形式填空。
6.(2025年安徽省中考真题改编). I often rest under the trees and my pet dog s________ (sleep) beside me.
答案:sleeps
解析:句意:我经常在树下小憩,我的宠物狗在我旁边睡觉。sleep“睡觉”,根据“often rest”可知句子采用一般现在时,主语为my pet dog,谓语用动词的三单形式。故填sleeps。
7.(2023年东营动词填空节选)“Yeah, and the tree is old and beautiful. It helps keep our air clean. It also ________ (give) us shade (树荫) from the sun,” Alex said.
答案:gives
解析:句意:它也给我们遮阳。根据前一句的“helps”可知,此句用一般现在时,主语It是第三人称单数形式,动词用三单,故填gives。
8. Every year, our city ________(provide) books and school things for the children in mountain villages.
答案:provides
解析:句意:每年,我市都会为山村里的孩子们提供书籍和学习用品。provide sth. for sb.“为某人提供某物”,结合“Every year”可知用一般现在时,主语“our city”是单数,谓语用动词第三人称单数形式。故填provides。
9.(2023年济南阅读填空节选)I left it on the bus on the way back to ________ (we) school.
答案:our
解析:句意:我把它落在回学校的公交车上了。此处作定语修饰“school”,所以用形容词性物主代词,故填our。
10.(2025年济南市济阳一模阅读填空节选)His mom now gives (he) ideas.
答案:him
解析:句意他的妈妈给了他一个好主意,作宾语,故填him.
11.(2025年济南市历城区一模阅读填空节选) . ______ (them) shouted and scared the bear outside.
答案:They
解析:作句子主语,要用主格形式 They 。
12.(2025年济南市高新区二模节选)young children can give _________ (they) a helping hand.
答案:them
解析:动词“give”后接宾格,“they”的宾格形式为“them”。
13.(2023年娄底语法填空节选)My parents did all the ___ __(chore).
答案:chores
解析:句意:我父母做所有的家务。all后加名词复数chores“家务”。故填chores。
14. (2022年潍坊语法填空节选)The ___ __(name)in red ink are people who live in London.
答案:names
解析:句意:用红墨水写的是住在伦敦的人。根据are可知,此空应填名词复数形式,故填names。
15. Our school bought two__________(piano)for music lessons although they were very expensive.
答案:pianos
解析: 句子中“two”(两个)作为数量词,提示后面的名词需用复数形式,因此填写“pianos”。
拓展提高(测试时间:20分钟)
一、语法填空
Hi Flora,
Thanks for your email. To answer 1._______(you) question, my new school is great! It’s very beautiful. There 2.________(be) many modern buildings.
There’s a large sports field next to the 3.__________(teacher) building. All the 4._______(student) go there and do exercises together in the morning. It’s amazing! Every Monday our school 5.________(raise) the flag there. It’s 6._______special way to start the week.
The classroom building is behind the sports field. We spend most of the time in 7.______(we) classroom. It’s big and clean. Every week, we 8.______ seats. This week I sit next to my best friend, Han Lin.
The dining hall is across 9.________the sports field. It’s my favourite place 10.______ there are many kinds of food. I love the Chinese food there. They make delicious jiaozi.
How about your school?
Yours,
Peter
答案:1.your 2. are 3.teacher’s 4.students 5.raises 6.a 7.our 8.change 9.from 10.because
解析:1. 此处需用形容词性物主代词修饰名词“question”,表示“你的问题”,结合语法要求与句意,故填your。
2. there be句型遵循“就近原则”,句中“many modern buildings”为复数名词短语,作主语时be动词需用复数形式,结合语法与句意,故填are。
3. 此处表示“教师的办公楼”,需用名词所有格形式体现所属关系,“teacher”的所有格为“teacher’s”,结合语法与句意,故填teacher’s。
4. “all”(所有)后接可数名词复数形式,“student”的复数为“students”,结合语法与句意,故填students。
5. 主语“our school”是第三人称单数,且“每周一升旗”是习惯性动作,谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式,“raise”的第三人称单数为“raises”,结合语法与句意,故填raises。
6. “way”(方式)是可数名词单数,此处表示“一种特别的方式”,“special”以辅音音素开头,需用不定冠词“a”修饰,结合语法与句意,故填a。
7此处需用形容词性物主代词修饰名词“classroom”,表示“我们的教室”,结合语法要求与句意,故填our。
8. 主语“we”是第一人称复数,且“每周换座位”是常规动作,谓语动词用原形即可,结合语法与句意,故填change。
9. “across from”是固定搭配,意为“在……对面”,为固定语法搭配,结合句意,故填from。
10. 空格后“有很多种食物”是空格前“食堂是我最喜欢的地方”的原因,需用连词“because”引导原因状语从句,结合语法与句意,故填because。
二、情景运用
11.
A:Where is the basketball?
B:_____________________________.
12.
A: Whose English book is this?
B:__________________________.
13.
A: What’s this in English?
B:___________________________.
14.
A:_______________________________
B: Yes, she does. She plays the piano every day.
15.
A:___________________________________
B: Yes, there is. It’s next to the Student Center.
参考答案:
11.It's under the chair.
12.It’s Tom’s.
13. It’s an orange.
14.Does the girl / she play the piano?
15.Is there a library in your school?
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