内容正文:
人教精通版(2024) 四上 Unit 2 Hobbies.同步词汇笔记
序号
单词
词形变化
派生词
核心考点
例句
单词速记
1
*dance /dɑːns/ v. 跳舞(p. 16)
动词,三单:dances;过去式:danced;现在分词:dancing;n.(舞蹈)复数:dances
dancer n. 舞者
1. dance to music 跟着音乐跳舞2. learn to dance 学习跳舞
1. She dances beautifully at the party.(她在派对上跳舞跳得很美。)2. We often dance in the gym after class.(我们课后经常在体育馆跳舞。)派生词例句:The young girl wants to be a great dancer.(这个小女孩想成为一名优秀的舞者。)
谐音法:“dance”谐音“当斯”,联想“当斯跟着节奏跳舞”
2
*play /pleɪ/ v. 演奏(乐器)(p. 16)
动词,三单:plays;过去式:played;现在分词:playing
player n. 演奏者
1. play the guitar 弹吉他(乐器前加the)2. play the piano 弹钢琴
1. He can play the violin very well.(他小提琴拉得非常好。)2. My sister practices playing the drums every evening.(我妹妹每天晚上练习打鼓。)派生词例句:He is a famous piano player in our city.(他是我们城市著名的钢琴演奏家。)
用法对比记忆:“play”后接乐器加the,接球类不加the,记“乐器the,球类无”
3
guitar /ɡɪˈtɑː(r)/ n. 吉他(p. 16)
可数名词,复数:guitars
无
1. play the guitar 弹吉他2. a new guitar 一把新吉他
1. My father buys me a guitar for my birthday.(爸爸给我买了一把吉他作为生日礼物。)2. She learns to play the guitar from her teacher.(她跟着老师学习弹吉他。)
音译法:“guitar”音译“吉他”,直接对应乐器名称,易记
4
paint /peɪnt/ v. (用颜料)画(p. 16)
动词,三单:paints;过去式:painted;现在分词:painting;n.(颜料)不可数
painter n. 画家
1. paint a picture 画画2. paint with watercolors 用水彩画画
1. The children paint flowers on the paper.(孩子们在纸上画花。)2. She likes to paint animals in her free time.(她空闲时喜欢画动物。)派生词例句:His uncle is a painter who draws beautiful landscapes.(他叔叔是一位画美丽风景画的画家。)
联想记忆:“paint”和“picture(画)”相关,用颜料创作“画”,记“paint=用颜料画”
5
*listen /ˈlɪsn/ v. 听(p. 16)
动词,三单:listens;过去式:listened;现在分词:listening
listener n. 听众
1. listen to music 听音乐2. listen carefully 认真听
1. We listen to the teacher carefully in class.(我们上课认真听老师讲课。)2. She likes to listen to stories before going to bed.(她睡前喜欢听故事。)派生词例句:The singer has many loyal listeners.(这位歌手有很多忠实的听众。)
搭配记忆:“listen”是不及物动词,后接“to”再加宾语,记“listen to+宾语”
6
*music /ˈmjuːzɪk/ n. 音乐;乐曲(p. 16)
不可数名词,无复数形式
musical adj. 音乐的;musician n. 音乐家
1. listen to music 听音乐2. classical music 古典音乐
1. Listening to music can make us relaxed.(听音乐能让我们放松。)2. My mom likes to play soft music at home.(妈妈喜欢在家放轻音乐。)派生词例句:This is a musical film full of beautiful songs.(这是一部充满动听歌曲的音乐电影。)
谐音法:“music”谐音“谬贼可”,联想“谬贼可喜欢听各种音乐”
7
collect /kəˈlekt/ v. 收集(p. 16)
动词,三单:collects;过去式:collected;现在分词:collecting
collector n. 收藏家
1. collect stamps 集邮2. collect shells 收集贝壳
1. My grandfather likes to collect old coins.(爷爷喜欢收集旧硬币。)2. They collect leaves of different shapes in autumn.(他们秋天收集不同形状的树叶。)派生词例句:Her aunt is a stamp collector with thousands of stamps.(她姑姑是一位有上千枚邮票的集邮爱好者。)
谐音法:“collect”谐音“可来可特”,联想“可来可特喜欢收集各种小物件”
8
stamp /stæmp/ n. 邮票(p. 16)
可数名词,复数:stamps
无
1. collect stamps 集邮2. a new stamp 一枚新邮票
1. There are many beautiful stamps in his album.(他的集邮册里有很多漂亮的邮票。)2. My friend sends me a stamp from America.(朋友从美国寄给我一枚邮票。)
联想记忆:“stamp”还可表示“盖章”,邮票需要“盖章”才能使用,记“stamp=邮票”
9
weiqi /ˈweɪtʃi/ n. 围棋(p. 18)
不可数名词,无复数形式(源自中文“围棋”音译)
无
1. play weiqi 下围棋2. learn to play weiqi 学习下围棋
1. My father often plays weiqi with his friends on weekends.(爸爸周末经常和朋友下围棋。)2. It takes time to learn to play weiqi well.(学好围棋需要时间。)
音译记忆:“weiqi”直接对应中文“围棋”,是中国传统棋类,易记
10
*read /riːd/ v. 读;阅读(p. 18)
动词,三单:reads;过去式:read(发音/red/);现在分词:reading
reader n. 读者
1. read a book 读书2. read stories 读故事
1. I read a fairy tale every night.(我每晚读一篇童话故事。)2. She likes to read newspapers after breakfast.(她早餐后喜欢看报纸。)派生词例句:This book has many young readers.(这本书有很多年轻读者。)
谐音法:“read”谐音“瑞的”,联想“瑞的每天坚持阅读”
11
*story /ˈstɔːri/ n. 故事(p. 18)
可数名词,复数:stories
storybook n. 故事书
1. tell a story 讲故事2. listen to a story 听故事
1. My mom tells me a story before I go to sleep.(妈妈睡前给我讲一个故事。)2. There are many interesting stories in this book.(这本书里有很多有趣的故事。)派生词例句:I buy a new storybook from the bookstore.(我从书店买了一本新故事书。)
拆分法:“story”拆成“sto(石头)+ ry”,联想“石头里藏着有趣的故事”
12
practise /ˈpræktɪs/ v. 练习(p. 18)
动词,三单:practises;过去式:practised;现在分词:practising(美式拼写:practice)
practice n. 练习
1. practise doing sth. 练习做某事2. practise the piano 练习钢琴
1. He practises speaking English every morning.(他每天早上练习说英语。)2. We need to practise playing basketball more.(我们需要多练习打篮球。)派生词例句:Doing more practice can help us improve.(多做练习能帮助我们进步。)
谐音法:“practise”谐音“普来可踢斯”,联想“普来可踢斯每天练习踢足球”
13
kung fu /ˌkʌŋ ˈfuː/ n. 功夫(p. 18)
不可数名词,无复数形式(源自中文“功夫”音译)
无
1. play kung fu 练功夫(=do kung fu)2. Chinese kung fu 中国功夫
1. His brother learns to play kung fu from a master.(他哥哥跟着师傅练功夫。)2. Chinese kung fu is famous all over the world.(中国功夫闻名世界。)
音译记忆:“kung fu”直接对应中文“功夫”,是中国传统武术,易记
14
drum /drʌm/ n. 鼓(p. 18)
可数名词,复数:drums
drummer n. 鼓手
1. play the drums 打鼓(常用复数)2. a set of drums 一套鼓
1. The boy plays the drums in the school band.(这个男孩在学校乐队里打鼓。)2. We buy a new drum for the music class.(我们为音乐课买了一面新鼓。)派生词例句:The drummer plays very well in the concert.(这位鼓手在音乐会上打得非常好。)
象形法:“drum”形状像鼓的侧面,“d”和“m”像鼓的边缘,“u”像鼓面,联想“鼓”的外形
15
hobby /ˈhɒbi/ n. 业余爱好(p. 14)
可数名词,复数:hobbies
无
1. one's hobby 某人的爱好2. different hobbies 不同的爱好
1. My hobby is collecting stamps.(我的爱好是集邮。)2. We talk about our hobbies in the English class.(我们在英语课上谈论自己的爱好。)
谐音法:“hobby”谐音“好比”,联想“好比每个人都有自己的业余爱好”
16
*these /ðiːz/ pron. & det. 这些(p. 16)
对应单数:this(这个);对应复数宾格/所有格:those(那些)的对应词
无
1. these books 这些书2. These are... 这些是……
1. These are my new stamps from China.(这些是我来自中国的新邮票。)2. Are these your storybooks?(这些是你的故事书吗?)
对比记忆:“these”(近指“这些”)和“those”(远指“那些”)是一对对应词,结合距离场景记忆
17
*any /ˈeni/ det. 任何的;任一的(p. 16)
无词形变化(用于否定句、疑问句;肯定句表“任一”)
无
1. any books 任何书(否定/疑问句)2. any student 任一学生(肯定句)
1. Do you have any hobbies?(你有什么爱好吗?)2. You can choose any book from the shelf.(你可以从书架上选任何一本书。)
用法记忆:记“否定疑问用any,肯定‘任一’也用它”,区分“some”(肯定句)
18
fishing /ˈfɪʃɪŋ/ n. 钓鱼(p. 20)
不可数名词(动词“fish”的动名词形式)
无
1. go fishing 去钓鱼2. like fishing 喜欢钓鱼
1. My father goes fishing by the river every Sunday.(爸爸每周日去河边钓鱼。)2. He likes fishing because it makes him calm.(他喜欢钓鱼,因为这能让他平静。)
词根记忆:“fish(鱼)+ ing”,“钓鱼”是和“鱼”相关的活动,记“fishing=钓鱼”,常和“go”搭配
19
*eat /iːt/ v. 吃;吃饭(p. 20)
动词,三单:eats;过去式:ate;现在分词:eating
eater n. 食客(小学阶段不常见,填“无”)
1. eat breakfast 吃早餐2. eat fruit 吃水果
1. We eat lunch at school at 12 o'clock.(我们12点在学校吃午餐。)2. She likes to eat apples after dinner.(她晚饭后喜欢吃苹果。)
谐音法:“eat”谐音“伊特”,联想“伊特每天按时吃饭,保持健康”
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