2026年译林版中考英语基础知识梳理：特殊句型讲义

2026中考英语基础知识梳理：特殊句型

一、There be 句型

（一）概念

用以表示 “某地（或某时）存在某人（或某物）”。

（二）结构

1. 肯定式：There be + 主语 + 其他

例：There is a new bookstore near our school. / There aren't any books in the desk.

2. 一般疑问句：Is/Are there + 主语 + 其他？

例：—Is there an apple in the basket? —Yes, there is. / No, there isn't. / —Are there any apples in the basket? —Yes, there are. / No, there aren't.

3. 特殊疑问句：How many... are there...? 等

例：How many athletes are there at the stadium?

（三）时态

1. 一般现在时：There is/are...

例：There is a lake between the two villages.

2. 一般将来时：There is going to be... / There will be...

例：There is going to be a sports meet in April. / There will be more trees in the park in 10 years.

3. 现在完成时：There have/has been...

例：There have been some stories about the monster recently.

（四）注意点

1. There be + 名词 + 介词短语（表 “某地有某物”）

例：There should be some chairs in the room for us to take a rest.

2. There be + 名词 + doing/to do（表动作或状态）

例：There is a man sleeping on the bench. / There are a lot of things to do this weekend.

3. There be 句型的主谓一致（遵循 “就近原则”）

例：There is a book and two pens on the floor. / There are two pens and a book on the floor.

4. 否定句

◦ 含 some 的肯定句变否定句时，some 变 any

例：There are some empty bottles in the fridge. → There aren't any empty bottles in the fridge.

◦ 含 many/much 的肯定句变否定句时，常用 few/little 替换

例：—Are there many books over there? —There are few.

二、There be 句型相关拓展

1. Don't lose heart, Tom. There is always a way out.

2. In my hometown, children there like to fly kites in the morning. (2024 江苏苏州 完形填空)

三、感叹句

（一）概念

用于表达强烈情感（喜、怒、哀、乐等），由what或how引导，句末用感叹号。

（二）结构

1. what 引导：