2026年译林版中考英语基础知识梳理：特殊句型讲义

2026中考英语基础知识梳理：特殊句型 一、There be 句型 （一）概念 用以表示 “某地（或某时）存在某人（或某物）”。 （二）结构 1. 肯定式：There be + 主语 + 其他 例：There is a new bookstore near our school. / There aren't any books in the desk. 2. 一般疑问句：Is/Are there + 主语 + 其他？ 例：—Is there an apple in the basket? —Yes, there is. / No, there isn't. / —Are there any apples in the basket? —Yes, there are. / No, there aren't. 3. 特殊疑问句：How many... are there...? 等 例：How many athletes are there at the stadium? （三）时态 1. 一般现在时：There is/are... 例：There is a lake between the two villages. 2. 一般将来时：There is going to be... / There will be... 例：There is going to be a sports meet in April. / There will be more trees in the park in 10 years. 3. 现在完成时：There have/has been... 例：There have been some stories about the monster recently. （四）注意点 1. There be + 名词 + 介词短语（表 “某地有某物”） 例：There should be some chairs in the room for us to take a rest. 2. There be + 名词 + doing/to do（表动作或状态） 例：There is a man sleeping on the bench. / There are a lot of things to do this weekend. 3. There be 句型的主谓一致（遵循 “就近原则”） 例：There is a book and two pens on the floor. / There are two pens and a book on the floor. 4. 否定句 ◦ 含 some 的肯定句变否定句时，some 变 any 例：There are some empty bottles in the fridge. → There aren't any empty bottles in the fridge. ◦ 含 many/much 的肯定句变否定句时，常用 few/little 替换 例：—Are there many books over there? —There are few. 二、There be 句型相关拓展 1. Don't lose heart, Tom. There is always a way out. 2. In my hometown, children there like to fly kites in the morning. (2024 江苏苏州 完形填空) 三、感叹句 （一）概念 用于表达强烈情感（喜、怒、哀、乐等），由what或how引导，句末用感叹号。 （二）结构 1. what 引导： ◦ What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + (主语 + 谓语)! 例：What a beautiful girl she is! ◦ What + 形容词 + 可数名词复数 + (主语 + 谓语)! 例：What wonderful ideas they are! ◦ What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + (主语 + 谓语)! 例：What bad weather it is! 2. how 引导： ◦ How + 形容词 / 副词 + (主语 + 谓语)! 例：How clever the boy is! / How fast he runs! ◦ How + 主语 + 谓语！（强调主语本身） 例：How time flies! 四、祈使句 （一）概念 表示请求、命令、建议等，主语常省略（多为 you），谓语用动词原形。 （二）结构 1. 肯定式： ◦ 动词原形开头 例：Please pass me the book over there. / Look out! ◦ Be + 形容词 / 名词 例：Be careful! / Be a good student! ◦ Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 例：Let's go to the park. / Let me help you. 2. 否定式： ◦ Don't + 动词原形 例：Don't smoke inside the restaurant! ◦ No + 动名词 / 名词 例：No smoking! / No photos! ◦ Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 例：Let him not go there alone. 五、强调句 （一）概念 用于强调句子的某个部分（主语、宾语、状语等）。 （二）结构 It is/was + 被强调部分 + that + 其他部分 例：It is in the library that I met Joey for the first time. （三）注意 若被强调部分是人，that 可换 who；若表 “正是……”，用 It is/was... that... 例：It was Susan who made the final decision to stop the project. 六、倒装句 （一）概念 将谓语的一部分或全部置于主语之前，分全部倒装和部分倒装。 （二）常见结构 1. Here/There + 谓语 + 主语（表 “这里 / 那里有……”） 例：Here comes our train! / There goes the bell. 2. Only + 状语（介词短语 / 副词 / 从句） + 部分倒装 例：Only in this way can you solve the problem. 3. So + 形容词 / 副词 + that...（“如此…… 以至于……”，so 部分倒装） 例：So clever is he that he can answer the question quickly. 七、练习题 （一）单项选择 1. —Tommy, is there ____ in the classroom? —No, all the students are having a PE lesson on the playground. A. everybody B. somebody C. anybody D. nobody 2. —Oh no. Your brother left his umbrella at home. There ____ heavy rain this afternoon. —Don't worry. Mine is here. I can lend it to him. A. was B. is C. are D. will be 3. Look! There ____ some information about traffic rules in this book. A. have B. has C. is D. are 4. —Tom will have a birthday party next week. —If Tom has a party, ____. A. so I will B. so will I C. neither will I D. nor will I 5. —____ wonderful experience our family had in the Monkey Forest! —Yes. I'll never forget it. A. What B. How a C. How D. What a 答案： 1. C 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. D 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $