2026年译林版中考英语基础知识梳理:定语从句讲义
2026年中考英语基础知识梳理:定语从句
一、定义及结构
定语从句为修饰名词或代词的从句,起形容词作用(又名形容词性从句)。
结构:(先行词 + 关系词)+ 从句。
• 先行词:定语从句所修饰的名词 / 代词。
• 关系词:连接主句与从句,且在从句中充当成分;分为关系代词和关系副词。
二、例句
1. He is the boy who helped me yesterday.
2. Guangzhou is the city where I was born.
3. I want to find something that is really meaningful.
三、关系代词(指物 / 人,在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等)
(一)指物:which 与 that 的通用与特用
通常可互换,但以下情况多用 which,少用 that;部分情况只用 that:
• 先行词为 all, much, little, none, few, something, anything, everything, nothing 等不定代词时。
例:This is the house which we bought last month.(此句中 which 可换 that;若先行词为不定代词,如 all that... 则用 that)。
• 先行词被 all, every, no, some, any, little, much 等修饰时。
• 先行词被序数词 / 最高级修饰时(强调 “第几 / 最…… 的”)。
(二)指人:who/whom
• who:指人,在从句中作主语 / 宾语。
• whom:指人,在从句中作宾语,口语中常用 who 代 whom。
例:
◦ Do you know the man who is talking with your teacher?(who 作主语)
◦ Do you know the boy (whom/who/that) your mother is talking with?(whom 作宾语,可换 who/that)。
(三)whose:指人 / 物,在从句中作定语(表 “…… 的”)
例:The book whose cover is blue is wonderful.
(四)as 引导的定语从句
常用于 such...as, the same...as 等结构,as 在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语等。
例:She is not such a careless student as she used to be.
(五)“介词 + 关系代词” 结构
“介词 + which/whom” 中,介词后指物用 which,指人用 whom。
例:
• One of the students with whom I went to the zoo is from Yichun.
• I live in a room whose window faces north.(也可换为 of which the window 或 the window of which)。
四、关系副词(在从句中作时间、地点、原因状语)
(一)when:表 “…… 的时候”,在从句中作时间状语。
例:This is the day when we first came to Guangzhou.
(二)where:表 “…… 的地方”,在从句中作地点状语。
例:Guangzhou is the city where I was born.
(三)why:表 “…… 的原因”,在从句中作原因状语。
例:That is the reason why they went there.
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