2026年河北省中职英语二轮专题复习冠词课件
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PART
FIVE
冠 词
article
05
冠词(article,缩写为art.)是一种虚词,在句中不能单独作句子成分,只能放在名词之前,用于修饰、限定名词。冠词可分为不定冠词(a/ an)、定冠词(the)和零冠词三种。其中,不定冠词表示泛指,定冠词表示特指,零冠词表示
不用冠词的情况。
知 识 点
不定冠词有 a 和 an 两种形式。a 用于读音以辅音音素开头的单词之前,an 用于读音以元音音素开头的单词之前。
e.g【细节贴士】判断名词前的不定冠词用 a 还是 an,需要根据单词的读音是以辅音音素开头,还是以元音音素开头,而不能根据单词的首字母是辅音还是元音。
知识点 1 不定冠词
a book(一本书)
an opinion(一个观点)
a university(一所大学)
an umbrella(一把雨伞)
a European(一个欧洲人)
an hour(一小时)
a/an的特殊考点①:u h
u
a useful book a university
an umbrella an ugly ...
h
an hour an honest boy an honor
a happy face a high building
a usual... a uniform a usual
e
a European country一个欧洲国家
an exciting trip an e-mail
/ˌjʊərəˈpiːən/
an execllent student
o : one /wʌn/ a one-year-old baby
a/an的特殊考点②:辅音字母发元音
There is “f” in the word “fan”.
There is ______ “n” on the wall.
f h m s l n x r
爸爸和妈妈送来那杏仁
an
an
知识点 1 不定冠词
用 法 举 例
表示泛指,用于
可数名词单数形式前,意为“一,一个”, An apple every day is good for his health.
每天一个苹果对他的健康有益。
There is a cat in the park.
公园里有只猫。
后+ 名词单数 表示类指,指某一类人或事物,此时a/ an一般不用翻译出来 Even a child can answer this question.
甚至小孩子都能回答这个问题。
An elephant is stronger than a horse.
大象比马更强壮。
知识点 1 不定冠词
用 法 举 例
表示“又一,再一”,用于序数词前 Though he failed twice, he still wanted to try a third time.
尽管他失败了两次,但是他仍想再试一次。
用于某些抽象名词前,使抽象概念具体化 He was a success in business.
他是一个事业有成之人。
用于表频率的短语中,表示每一 每小时60km 60 kilometers an hour
一天三次 three times a day
知识点 1 不定冠词
用法 举例
固定搭配 a few(几个) a lot (of)(许多)
a little(有点儿) a number of(大量,许多)
an hour or two(一两个小时) as a matter of fact(事实上)
as a result(因此) as a whole(总体上说)
for a while(过了一会儿) once upon a time(从前)
in a way(在某种程度上) in a hurry(匆忙地)
in a word(总之) in a moment(立刻,马上)
all of a sudden(突然) many a time(许多次)
have/ take a rest/ break(休息) have/ take a walk(散步)
have/ catch a cold(感冒) have a try(试一下)
用法 举例
固定搭配 have a good time(过得开心) have a talk with(与…交谈)
have a look (at)(看一看) have a nice trip(旅途愉快)
have a fever(发烧) give a lesson(授课)
make a living(谋生) make a face(做鬼脸)
make a noise(发出噪声) do sb. a favor(帮某人的忙)
take a seat(就座) take a shower(洗澡)
make a difference(有影响) come to an end(结束)
make a choice(做出选择) make a decision(做决定)
(1)一般情况下,不定冠词要放在名词词组的最前面。
e.g. a young man(一个年轻的男人)
a pretty girl(一个漂亮的女孩)
(2)当名词词组里有 many、such、what 等词修饰时,不定冠词要放在这些词的后面。
e.g. such a bad thing(如此糟糕的一件事)
what a kind girl(多么善良的一个女孩)
不定冠词位置
(3)在名词词组中,当形容词前有 as 、so 、too 、how 等词修饰时,不定冠词要放在形容词之后,名词之前。
e.g. so bad a thing(如此糟糕的一件事)
how kind a girl(多么善良的一个女孩)
知识点 1 不定冠词
(4)副词quite和rather既可放在不定冠词之前,又可放在不定冠词之后。其中,放在不定冠词之前时语气较强,放在不定冠词之后时语气较弱。
e.g. He is quite a clever boy.
他确实是一个聪明的男孩。(语气较强)
He is a quite clever boy.
他是一个相当聪明的男孩。(语气较弱)
考题精练
1. Jim is ______ American businessman.
A. a B. the C. an D. /
【解析】C。本题考查不定冠词的用法。本题句义为:吉姆是一个美国商人。不定冠词表示泛指,用于可数名词单数形式前,意为“一,一个”,指某一人或事物。另外,American的读音以元音音素开头,故正确答案为C。
知识点 1 不定冠词
考题精练
2. She usually takes a walk for half ______ hour after supper.
A. an B. a C. the D. /
【解析】A。本题考查不定冠词的用法。本题句义为:她通常在晚饭后散步半小时。half an hour意为“半小时”。故正确答案为A。
知识点 1 不定冠词
典型例题
1.Sun Yang is _______ execllent player.I want to become _____ person like him.
A.a;a B.an,the C.an;a D.an;an
2.Mrs.Wu always tells us to be ________ honest student today and _______ useful man tomorrow.
A. a;an B. a;a C. an;an D. an;a
C
D
定冠词 the 表示特指,指特定的人或事物,
修饰可数名词的单数形式或复数形式,又可修饰不可数名词。
知识点 2 定冠词
21
用 法 举 例
特指某人或某事物,表示谈话双方都知道的,或上文提过的人或事物 The book on the desk is mine.
桌子上的书是我的。
The bike which I bought yesterday was lost.
我昨天买的自行车丢了。
用于有限定性定语或限制性定语从句修饰的名词前 This is the gift that my father bought for me.
这是我爸爸给我买的礼物。
知识点 2 定冠词
用 法 举 例
用于世界上独一无二的事物前 the sky(天空) the sun(太阳)
用于西洋乐器前 play the piano(弹钢琴)
play the violin(拉小提琴)
play the guitar(弹吉他)
【注意】中国乐器前不加the,如
play erhu(拉二胡)
23
用于序数词、形容词的最高级、only和same前 the first day(第一天)
the best answer(最好的答案)
the only way(唯一的路)
the same place(同一个地方)
用于某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、建筑、机关、团体等专有名词前 the People’s Republic of China(中华人民共和国)
the Great Wall(长城)
the United States(美国)
用于江河、海洋、山脉等名称前 the West Lake(西湖)
the Yellow River(黄河)
the Himalaya Mountains(喜马拉雅山脉)
用于朝代、世纪、整十年代的复数形式前 the Tang Dynasty(唐代)
the Song Dynasty(宋代)
in the 21st century(21世纪)
in the 1980s(20世纪80年代)
用于表示方位的名词前 on the left/ right(在左边/右边)
in the east/ west/ south/ north(在东方/西方/南方/北方)
用于中国传统节日前 the Spring Festival(春节)
the Dragon Boat Festival(端午节)
the Lantern Festival(元宵节)
the Mid-Autumn Festival(中秋节)
用于表示身体部位的名词前 She caught me by the arm.
她抓住了我的手臂。
“the+姓氏的复数形式”,表示“……一家人”或“……夫妇二人” The Browns went to China two years ago.
布朗一家人两年前去了中国。
知识点 2 定冠词
用 法 举 例
“the+某些形容词”,表示一类人,作主语时谓语动词用复数形式 the rich(富人)
the poor(穷人)
The young are more active than the old. 年轻人比老年人更活泼。
“the+可数名词单数形式”,表示一类人或事物,作主语时谓语动词用单数形式 The panda is well protected now. 熊猫现在被保护得很好。
The rose is my favorite flower. 玫瑰是我最喜欢的花儿。
27
用于“the+比较级……,the+比较级……”结构中,表示“越……,越……” The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.
你越努力,取得的进步就越大。
有时用于比较级前,特指两个比较对象中的一个 Of the two brothers, the younger is more interesting.
在这两兄弟中,比较年轻的这个更有趣。
用于固定搭配中 all the best(一切顺利)
all the time(总是)
all the same(同样地)
the same as(同……一样)
at the age of(在……岁时)
at the beginning of(在……开始)
at the end of(在……结尾)
at the moment(现在)
at the same time(同时)
by the way(顺便问一句)
29
by the hour(按小时计算) go to the cinema(看电影)
in the day(在白天) in the distance(在远方)
in the past(在过去) in the habit of(有……的习惯)
on the whole(总的来说) with the help of(在……的帮助下)
all over the world/ all around the world(全世界)
in the morning/ afternoon/ evening/ midnight(在上午/下午/晚上/半夜)
考题精练
______ movie I saw yesterday is ______ interesting one.
A. The; a B. The; an C. A; the D. An; the
【答案】B。
知识点 2 定冠词
31
典型例题
1.Bill bought ______ useful book._______ book is very interesting.
A.a;The B.a;A C.an;The D.an;A
2.There is_______house in the picture. There is_____ old woman near____house.
A. an; a; the B. a; an ; the C. the ; a; an D. a; the; an
A
B
知识点 3 零冠词
用 法 举 例
泛指的不可数名词、复数名词以及大多数专有名词和前不用冠词。
We live in China. 我们生活在中国。
Blood is thicker than water. 血浓于水。
当名词前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格等修饰时不用冠词 my cup(我的杯子)
Tom’s telephone(汤姆的电话)
Our school is over there. 我们的学校在那边。
可数名词复数形式表示人或事物的类别时,不用冠词 Dogs are our good friends.
狗是我们的好朋友。
称呼语、表示头衔或职务等的名词前一般不用冠词 I don’t feel well, Mom. 妈妈,我感觉不舒服。
He met Mr. Black, headmaster of the school.
他遇到了学校校长布莱克先生。
表示球类、棋类、学科、语言、游戏、三餐等的名词前不用冠词 play football/ basketball/ chess(踢足球/打篮球/下棋)
have breakfast/ lunch/ dinner/ supper
(吃早饭/午饭/晚饭/晚餐)
He prefers art to English. 比起英语,他更喜欢美术。
年月、季节、星期前一般不用冠词 in 2022(在2022年) in winter(在冬天)
in May(在5月) on Monday(在周一)
【注意】若季节后有of结构限定,则要加the,如in the summer of 2020(在2020年的夏天)
国外或国际节假日前不用冠词 Children’s Day(儿童节) Mother’s Day(母亲节)
by后接表示交通工具或通信方式等的名词时,不用冠词 by ship(坐船) by train(坐火车)
by bus(坐公交) by car(坐汽车)
在一些固定搭配中不用冠词 at noon/ night(在中午/晚上) at home/ work(在家里/工作)
at first/ last(起初/最终) at present(目前,现在)
in case(万一) in class(在上课)
in fact(事实上,实际上) in public(公开地,当众)
in time(及时) on time(准时)
on holiday(度假) on duty(值日,值班)
on foot(步行) on purpose(故意)
on business(出差) for example(例如)
ask for advice(征求建议) go home(回家)
take part in(参加) go to school/ work(去上学/上班)
take care of(照顾) take place(发生)
lose heart(失去信心) lose weight(减肥)
in danger/ trouble(处于危险/麻烦之中)
after school/ work(放学/下班后)
do good/ harm to(对……有利/有害)
易错辨析
有些短语有无定冠词 the,意思差别较大,需要用心辨别。
e.g. at table(在吃饭,进餐) at the table(在桌子旁)
in hospital(生病住院) in the hospital(在医院里)
by sea(乘船) by the sea(在海边)
on earth(究竟) on the earth(在地球上)
in front of(在……外部的前面) in the front of(在……内部的前面)
out of question(毫无疑问) out of the question(不可能)
in future(较长时间的今后) in the future(较短时间的将来)
in class(在上课) in the class(在班里)
知识点 3 零冠词
1. — Does your father go to work by ______ car every day?
— No, he sometimes takes a bus.
A. a B. the C. / D. an
【解析】C。本题考查零冠词的用法。本题句义为:——你父亲每天开车上班吗?——不是的,他有时候也坐公交。by后接表示交通工具等的名词时,不用冠词,故正确答案为C。
考题精练
知识点 3 零冠词
2. Mary left ______ message for me, saying she was in ______ trouble.
A. a; the B. a; / C. /; / D. the; a
【解析】B。本题考查不定冠词和零冠词的用法。本题句义为:玛丽给我留了一条短信,说她有麻烦。不定冠词表示泛指,用于可数名词单数形式前,意为“一,一个”,指某一人或事物,且message的读音以辅音音素开头,故第一空填a。in trouble意为“处于麻烦中”。故正确答案为B。
考题精练
知识点 3 零冠词
1.Tom can play _______ football,but he can’t play ___ violin.
A./;the B. the;the C./;/ D.the;/
2.We should have ______breakfast every day to keep healthy.
A.a B. an C. / D. the
3.We usually go swimming in _______ summer.But in ______ summer of 2021,we didn’t
A./;/ B.a;a C./;the D.a;/
A
C
C
An earthquake(地震) happened in Xinjiang. The earthquake is so strong that people felt the earth is shaking. Luckily, many of them run out of their house but the house fell down in just a few minutes. Even the highest building in the city fell down. Many people don’t have food to eat. They just take a bag and an umbrella when they ran out of their house. Children were sitting in the playground playing the guitar because their school was gone(消失). They knew the happy days would never come back. But on the second day, the sun came out and many people from other cities came to help them.
辨析a,an和the 的用法
Exercise:Fill in blanks with a, an,the or / .
1. We can go swimming on __Sunday in __summer.
2. This is _usual morning but he takes ___umbrella
with him.
3. He was waiting there for _____ hour ?
4. ____old man with thick glasses is their teacher.
5. March 8th is ____ Women’s Day.
a an
an
The
/
/
/
6. Dad bought some bread yesterday, but today ___bread smells bad.
7. He was playing __basketball and I was playing____piano.
8. He is _____ tallest and _____second strongest boy in Class Eight.
9. ____earth goes around _____ sun.
10.My uncle lives in _____America now .
the
/
the
the
the
The the
/
课堂小结
知识点1 不定冠词
知识点2 定冠词
知识点3 零冠词
$