Unit 4 Digital life.Understanding ideals（语法讲解+词汇突破+分层精练）-2025-2026学年外研版（2024）英语八年级上册

Unit 4 Digital life. Understanding ideals （语法讲解+词汇突破+分层精练） 目 录 一、语法讲解：动词不定式作宾语补足语 1 （一）核心概念 1 （二） 带 to 的不定式 (to do) 作宾语补足语 1 （三）不带 to 的不定式（动词原形 do）作宾语补足语 2 （四） 特殊用法与注意事项 3 二、词汇突破 5 （一）词汇讲解 5 （二）词汇练习 7 三、分层精练 8 （一）单项选择 8 （二）单词拼写 11 （三）选词填空 13 （四）拓展延伸 15 一、语法讲解：动词不定式作宾语补足语 （一）核心概念  在“主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”结构中，动词不定式用于补充说明宾语做什么或处于什么状态。 （二） 带 to 的不定式 (to do) 作宾语补足语 1.适用动词： 这类动词通常表示意愿、命令、请求、建议、允许、禁止、情感、教导、期望等含义。 2.常用动词列表（必须掌握）： ask (请求), tell (告诉), want (想要), wish (希望), would like (想要)allow (允许), permit (允许), forbid (禁止), order (命令), warn (警告) advise (建议), encourage (鼓励), invite (邀请), teach (教), remind (提醒) expect (期望), require (要求), force (强迫), get (使/让 通常指说服或安排), prefer (宁愿) 3.结构： 肯定： 主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + to do sth. My parents want me to go to college. (我父母想让我上大学。) The teacher told us to be quiet. (老师告诉我们要安静。) I advise you to see a doctor. (我建议你去看医生。) 否定： 主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + not to do sth. The doctor warned him not to smoke. (医生警告他不要吸烟。) She asked me not to be late. (她要求我不要迟到。) （三）不带 to 的不定式（动词原形 do）作宾语补足语 1.适用动词： 这类动词主要是感官动词和使役动词。 2.常用动词列表（必须掌握）： 感官动词： see (看见), watch (观看), notice (注意到), observe (观察), hear (听见), listen to (听), feel (感觉到) 使役动词： make (使/让), let (让), have (让/使) 3.结构： 肯定： 主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + do sth. (直接用动词原形) I saw him cross the street. (我看见他过了马路。 强调“过”这个动作发生了/全过程) The music made me feel happy. (这音乐让我感到快乐。) Please let me help you. (请让我帮助你。) The boss had the workers work overtime. (老板让工人们加班。) 否定：使役动词（let,make,have) 及 感官动词（see,hear,watch,feel等）后，不定式需省略to。结构为：主语+动词+宾语+do… Let 的否定：Don't let him go. / Let him not go. (别让他走。) Make 的否定通常用其他结构：The teacher made sure we didn't talk. 或 The teacher didn't allow us to talk. 感官动词的否定通常指“没看见/听见...做某事”，结构不变：I didn't see him come in. (我没看见他进来。) （四） 特殊用法与注意事项 当使用 make 和 感官动词 (see, hear等) 作谓语，并且句子变为被动语态时，后面作主补（主语补足语）的不定式必须带 to。 (主动) They made him work long hours. (被动) He was made to work long hours (by them). (他被强迫长时间工作。) (主动) I saw him enter the building. (被动) He was seen to enter the building (by me). (他被看见进入了那栋楼。) let 和 have： Let 很少用于被动语态表示“让”。 Have (表示“使让”) 一般不用于被动语态。被动语态中表达类似意思常用 be made to do 或 be allowed to do 等。 help 的灵活性： help 后面的不定式作宾补时，to 可带可不带。不带 to 更常见于美式英语。 Can you help me (to) carry this box? (你能帮我搬这个箱子吗？) 当 help 本身是被动形式时，后面不定式必须带 to。 I was helped to finish the work. (有人帮助我完成了工作。) have 的特殊含义： 注意区分 have 的两种用法： have sb do sth：表示 “让/叫/使某人做某事” (主动安排/命令)，宾补用动词原形。 The manager had his assistant book the tickets. (经理让他的助手订票。) have sth done：表示 “让别人做某事” (不是你亲自做) 或 “遭遇某事” (不好的事情)。 I had my hair cut yesterday. (我昨天理了发。 别人给我理的) He had his car stolen last week. (他上周车被偷了。 遭遇) 中考常考区分 have sb do sth (sb 做动作) 和 have sth done (sth 被做)。 （五）中考高频考点真题训练 单项选择：从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择最佳答案。 1.The doctor advised the patient ______ more vegetables and fruits. A. eat B. eating C. to eat D. ate 【答案】C 【详解】advise sb to do sth 是固定搭配，表示“建议某人做某事”，后面必须接带 to 的不定式作宾补。 2.Did you notice anyone ______ the room just now? A. enter B. to enter C. entering D. entered 【答案】A 【详解】 感官动词 notice 在主动语态中接不定式作宾补时，省略 to，直接用动词原形 enter，强调“进入”这个动作发生了。C选项 entering (现在分词) 强调动作正在进行，根据 just now (刚才) 强调动作发生，原形更符合考点。 3.The strict father made his son ______ the piano for two hours every day. A. practice B. to practice C. practicing D. practiced 【答案】A 【详解】 使役动词 make 在主动语态中接不定式作宾补时，省略 to，直接用动词原形 practice。 4.We were made ______ all the windows before leaving the classroom. A. close B. to close C. closing D. closed 【答案】B 【详解】 使役动词 make 在被动语态中，后面作主补的不定式必须带 to。主语 We 是被要求关窗的。 5.The teacher often has us ______ English aloud in the morning. A. read B. to read C. reading D. reads 【答案】A 【详解】 使役动词 have (表示“让/使”) 在主动语态中接不定式作宾补时，省略 to，直接用动词原形 read。句意为“老师经常让我们早上大声读英语”。 6.I heard him ______ in the shower when I passed the bathroom. A. sing B. to sing C. singing D. sang 【答案】C 【详解】 感官动词 hear 后面可以接动词原形或现在分词作宾补。接原形 (sing) 强调听到唱歌这个事件发生（全过程）。接现在分词 (singing) 强调听到时动作正在进行（听到时他正在唱）。根据从句 when I passed (当我经过时)，强调那个时间点动作正在进行，所以选C。本题考的是分词和原形的区别。 7.Let me ______ you with your luggage. A. help B. to help C. helping D. helped 【答案】A 【详解】 使役动词 let 在主动语态中接不定式作宾补时，省略 to，直接用动词原形 help。 8.The kind lady helped the old man ______ the heavy bag. A. carry B. to carry C. carrying D. A or B 【答案】D 【详解】 动词 help 后面接不定式作宾补时，to 可带可不带。help sb (to) do sth 都是正确的。所以 A (carry) 和 B (to carry) 都对。 9.The poor man had his wallet ______ on the bus yesterday. A. steal B. to steal C. stealing D. stolen 【答案】D 【详解】have sth done 是固定结构，表示“遭遇某事（不好的事情）”，这里指“钱包被偷”。stolen 是过去分词，作宾补，表示被动完成。A、B、C 选项均不符合 have sth done 的结构和含义。 10.The children are looking forward to ______ the science museum. A. visit B. to visit C. visiting D. visited 【答案】C 【详解】 本题为干扰项，考的是动名词作介词宾语，不是不定式作宾补！look forward to 中的 to 是介词，后面必须接名词或动名词 visiting。句意为“孩子们盼望着参观科学博物馆”。 二、词汇突破 （一）词汇讲解 1. delicious 含义：美味的，可口的 用法：形容词（修饰食物） 例句： The pizza smells delicious. She cooked a delicious meal for us. 2. pound 含义：英镑（货币）；磅（重量单位） 用法：名词（可数） 例句： This book costs ten pounds. （货币） The baby weighs six pounds. （重量） 3. wallet 含义：钱包 ，皮夹子 用法：名词（可数） 例句： He lost his wallet on the bus. 4. anywhere 含义：任何地方 ，无论何处 用法：副词（常用于否定句句） 例句： I can’t find my keys anywhere. Did you go anywhere interesting last weekend? 5. via 含义：经由；通过（某种方式） 用法：介词（+地点/方式） 例句： We flew to Paris via London. I sent the document via email. 6. progress 含义：进步；进展 用法：不可数名词（常用搭配：make progress） 例句： She has made great progress in English. 7. except for… 含义：除了……之外 用法：介词短语（后接名词/代词） 例句： The room is clean except for a few books on the floor. 8. stay in touch with 含义：与…保持联系 用法：动词短语（=keep in touch with） 例句： We stay in touch with each other by WeChat. （二）词汇练习 A.单项选择 1. —How is the apple pie? —It tastes ______! I want more. A. anywhere B. delicious C. via D. pound 【答案】B 【详解】delicious 修饰食物，表“美味的”，符合对话语境。 2. I paid twenty ______ for this dictionary. A. wallets B. pounds C. progresses D. via 【答案】B 【详解】pound 作货币单位，twenty pounds 表示“20英镑”。 3. We haven’t met ______ since graduation, but we ______ by phone. A. anywhere；stay in touch B. delicious；except for C. via；progress D. wallet；pound 【答案】A 【详解】第一空 anywhere 用于否定句“再也没见过”；第二空 stay in touch 表“保持联系”。 4. ______ a small mistake, your report is perfect. A. Except for B. Via C. Anywhere D. Progress 【答案】A 【详解】except for 表示“除了一点小错误外”，对整体评价进行局部修正。 5. He shared the photos ______ social media. A. delicious B. progress C. via D. except for 【答案】C 【详解】via 表“通过”，后接方式“社交媒体”。 B.完形填空 Lucy moved to London last year. She misses her friends but (6) ______ with them online. She studies hard and has made great (7) ______ in French. Yesterday, she bought a (8) ______ for her dad’s birthday. 6. A. stays in touch B. except for C. anywhere D. via 7. A. wallet B. progress C. pound D. delicious 8. A. delicious B. progress C. wallet D. anywhere 【答案】6.A 7.B 8.C 【详解】 第6题：stay in touch with 表“保持联系”； 第7题：make progress 固定搭配“取得进步”； 第8题：wallet 作礼物“钱包”。 C.翻译句子 9. 除了下雨天，这个公园任何时候都很美。（except for） 【答案】The park is beautiful at any time except for rainy days. 【详解】except for 后接名词短语 rainy days，表局部排除。 10.为了取得进步，他每天练习钢琴两小时。（progress） 【答案】He practices the piano for two hours daily in order to make progress. 【详解】make progress 为固定搭配，in order to 表目的。 三、分层精练 （一）单项选择 1．My friend Tony invited me ________the latest movie and I agreed. A．watch B．watched C．to watch D．watching 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我的朋友托尼邀请我看最新电影，我同意了。 考查动词形式。watch看。invite sb. to do sth. 意为“邀请某人做某事”，to watch符合题意，故选C。 2．The teacher encourages us ________ English every day. A．speak B．to speak C．speaking D．spoke 【答案】B 【详解】句意：老师鼓励我们每天说英语。 考查非谓语动词。encourage sb to do sth“鼓励某人做某事”，此处使用动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选B。 3．Let’s ________ a map of our dream zoo. A．draw B．to draw C．drawing D．draws 【答案】A 【详解】句意：让我们画一张我们梦想中的动物园的地图。 考查动词不定式作宾语补足语。let’s do sth“让某人做某事”，动词不定式作宾语补足语，此处省略to，故选A。 4．She often helps her mother ________ the housework. A．do B．does C．doing D．to doing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：她经常帮她妈妈做家务。 考查非谓语动词。help sb. (to) do sth.“帮某人做某事”，固定短语，所以此处应为动词原形do。故选A。 5．The teacher asks us ________ English loudly in the morning. A．read B．reading C．to read D．reads 【答案】C 【详解】句意：老师要求我们早上大声朗读英语。 考查非谓语动词。根据“The teacher asks us”可知，考查ask sb to do sth“要求某人做某事”，因此填不定式。故选C。 6．—Can we have snacks in the computer room? — No. I think our teacher won’t allow us ________ them. A．eating B．ate C．to eat 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我们能在电脑室吃零食吗？——不能。我觉得我们老师不会允许我们吃零食。 考查非谓语动词。根据“allow us”可知，此处考查“allow sb. to do sth.”结构，意为“允许某人做某事”。故选C。 7．We should help animals ________ warm in the winter. A．keeps B．keeping C．keep D．kept 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们应该帮助动物在冬天保持温暖。 考查非谓语动词。help sb do sth“帮助某人做某事”，固定短语，所以空处用动词原形。故选C。 8．My parents often tell me ________ in the street for safety. A．to run B．to not run C．to running D．not to run 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我父母经常告诉我，为了安全起见，不要在街上跑。 考查非谓语动词。tell sb not to do sth“告诉某人不要做某事”。故选D。 9．My brother often helps me ________ my math problems. A．solve B．solves C．solving D．to solving 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我哥哥经常帮我解决数学问题。 考查非谓语动词。根据“My brother often helps me …my math problems.”可知，此处为固定短语help sb do sth“帮助某人做某事”，应用不带to的不定式作宾补。故选A。 10．My friends encourage me ________ skating lessons. A．take B．takes C．taking D．to take 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我的朋友们鼓励我去上滑冰课。 考查非谓语动词。encourage sb. to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”，固定词组。故选D。 （二）单词拼写 11．N , people like to watch short videos when they travel on buses or subways. 【答案】(N)owadays 【详解】句意：现在，人们喜欢在乘坐公共汽车或地铁时看短视频。根据“N..., people like to watch short videos when they travel on buses or subways.”和首字母提示可知，此处表达“现在，人们喜欢在乘坐公共汽车或地铁时看短视频”。“现在”为Nowadays，副词。故填(N)owadays。 12．You need to relax, because too much pressure is not good for your (develop). 【答案】development 【详解】句意：你需要放松，因为太多的压力对你的发展不利。根据“your”可知，横线处需填名词，develop“发展”，动词，其名词形式为development。故填development。 13．The new subway makes it more c for us to go to school. 【答案】(c)onvenient 【详解】句意：新地铁使我们上学更加方便。根据首字母提示和句意可知，新地铁使我们上学更加方便。因此设空处填convenient符合题意。故填(c)onvenient。 14．It’s hard to go (任何地方) without maps in a new place 【答案】anywhere 【详解】句意：在一个新的地方没有地图很难去任何地方。根据“It’s hard to go...without maps in a new place”可知，此处应用anywhere表示“任何地方”，在句中作地点状语。故填anywhere。 15．I left my w at home. Could you please lend me some money? 【答案】(w)allet 【详解】句意：我把钱包落在家里了。你能借我一些钱吗？根据“I left my ...at home”以及“lend me some money”和首字母提示可知，此处指把钱包落在了家里，wallet“钱包”，可数名词；由“my”可知，此处用单数形式即可。故填(w)allet。 16．On a night like this, I want to stay (永远). 【答案】forever 【详解】句意：在一个像这样的夜晚，我想要永远待在这里。根据题意和汉语提示可知，“forever“永远”，副词修饰动词stay。故填forever。 17．Everyone was in the classroom e Jack because he had a fever and didn’t go to school. 【答案】(e)xcept 【详解】句意：每个人都在教室里，除了杰克，因为他发烧了，没有去上学。根据“because he had a fever and didn’t go to school.”可知，除了杰克，其他人都在教室里，except“除了”符合题意。故填(e)xcept。 18．His speech about China’s ['prəʊgres] was fantastic and I felt greatly encouraged! 【答案】progress 【详解】句意：他关于中国发展的演讲非常精彩，我感到非常鼓舞。根据音标提示“['prəʊgres]”可知，此处填progress“进步，发展”。该词是名词形式，表示“进步”，符合句子的语境和意思。故填progress。 19．When you finish shopping, go to the cashier to make a ['peɪmənt]. 【答案】payment 【详解】句意：当你结束购物时，去收银台进行付款。根据音标提示可知其英文表达为payment，意为“支付”，名词作宾语，由“a”可知此处应用其原形，故填payment。 20．We went to Suzhou Museum (除……之外) Daniel last Friday, because he was badly ill. 【答案】except 【详解】句意：上周五除了丹尼尔，我们都去了苏州博物馆，因为他病得很重。“except”表示 “除……之外（不包括在内）”，在句中作状语，说明去苏州博物馆的人不包括Daniel。根据“because he was badly ill”可知Daniel因病没去，所以用except表示排除他。故填except。 21．You can’t use your (可移动的) phone in class. 【答案】mobile 【详解】句意：你不能在课堂上使用手机。mobile“可移动的”，形容词，在句中作定语，修饰名词phone。故填mobile。 22．She forgot her keys again. (simple) 【答案】simply 【详解】句意：她只是又忘记带钥匙了。根据“She … forgot her keys”结合提示词可知，此处应用simply“仅仅，只是”，副词修饰动词“forgot”。故填simply。 23．My daughter makes (进步) in math by practicing every day. 【答案】progress 【详解】句意：我女儿通过每天练习在数学上取得了进步。根据“make”和汉语提示可知，此处使用名词作宾语，progress“进步”，不可数名词。故填progress。 24．Nowadays, our whole life is recorded online through all kinds of d devices. 【答案】(d)igital 【详解】句意：如今，我们的整个生活都通过各种数字设备记录在网上。根据“our whole life is recorded online”可知，我们的整个生活可以在网上记录，应是通过数字设备，digital“数字的”，是形容词，修饰名词devices，用形容词，故填(d)igital。 25．Jack is my close friend. I hope our friendship can last f . 【答案】(f)orever 【详解】句意：杰克是我的好朋友。我希望我们的友谊能天长地久。根据“I hope our friendship can last...”和首字母f可知，是指友谊能持续到永远，forever“永远”，故填(f)orever。 （三）选词填空 根据短文内容，用方框中所给单词的正确形式填空，使短文完整正确（每词限用一次） see     app     easy     wait     habit     with     develop     number     improve     into Have you noticed a phenomenon (现象)? After we listen to certain songs on a music 26 , we may pleasantly find that the recommended (被推荐的) songs are just what we want. When we look through a shopping website, the products we plan to buy are 27 for us on the homepage. All of these are based on big data. Big data is no longer only about 28 , but information from almost every part of our lives: our locations, shopping 29 and interests. In the past few years, people have 30 big data being used more often in China. For example, it plays an important role in tourism. The data online is providing people 31 a lot of information about some countries’ places of interest. The information not only shows travellers’ reviews, but also tells which place needs to be 32 . Nowadays, China is speeding up its big data construction in order to better serve social and economic 33 . Big data will be put 34 greater use in other areas like education, social safety and transport. We believe that big data will make our lives 35 and better. Do you expect it? 【答案】 26．app 27．waiting 28．numbers 29．habits 30．seen 31．with 32．improved 33．development 34．into 35．easier 【导语】本文主要介绍了大数据这一现象。讲述了大数据在音乐、购物等平台的应用，它不再仅仅关乎数字，还涵盖生活各方面信息。接着举例说明大数据在旅游领域的作用，包括提供旅游信息和指出景点需改进之处。最后提到中国加速大数据建设，其将在更多领域发挥更大作用，会让生活更便利美好。 26．句意：在我们通过一个音乐应用程序听了某些歌曲后，我们可能会惊喜地发现，被推荐的歌曲正是我们想要的。根据“listen to certain songs”以及“recommended (被推荐的) songs”可知，这里说的是在某个平台上听歌曲，“app应用程序”符合语境，“a music app”意为“一个音乐应用程序”。故填app。 27．句意：当我们浏览一个购物网站时，我们打算购买的产品正在首页等待我们。根据语境可知，这里说购物网站根据大数据把用户可能想买的产品展示在首页，用现在进行时“be+现在分词”结构；“wait for”意为“等待，为……做好准备”，“wait”的现在分词是“waiting”。故填waiting。 28．句意：大数据不再仅仅与数字有关，而是来自我们生活几乎每个方面的信息：我们的位置、购物习惯和兴趣。根据语境以及常识，大数据最初与数字相关，“number数字”符合语境，这里要用复数形式“numbers”表示泛指。故填numbers。 29．句意：大数据不再仅仅与数字有关，而是来自我们生活几乎每个方面的信息：我们的位置、购物习惯和兴趣。根据“our locations, shopping...and interests”可知，这里说大数据包含购物方面的习惯信息，“habit习惯”符合语境，是可数名词，此处要用复数形式“habits”表示泛指。故填habits。 30．句意：在过去的几年里，人们看到大数据在中国被更频繁地使用。根据“In the past few years”可知，句子时态是现在完成时“have/has+过去分词”，“see看见”符合语境，其过去分词是“seen”，表示人们看到大数据的使用情况。故填seen。 31．句意：在线数据为人们提供了很多关于一些国家名胜古迹的信息。“provide sb. with sth.”是固定用法，表示“为某人提供某物”。故填with。 32．句意：这些信息不仅展示了游客的评价，还指出了哪些地方需要改进。根据“travellers’ reviews”可知，这里说信息能根据游客观点指出景点需要提升改进的地方，“improve改进，提高”符合语境，“place”与“improve”之间是被动关系，“need to be+过去分词”表示“需要被……”，“improve”的过去分词是“improved”。故填improved。 33．句意：如今，中国正在加快大数据建设，以便更好地服务于社会和经济发展。根据“social and economic”可知，这里说大数据建设服务于社会和经济的发展，“develop发展”符合语境，其名词形式是“development”，“social and economic development”意为“社会和经济发展”。故填development。 34．句意：大数据将在教育、社会安全和交通等其他领域得到更大的应用。“put...into use”是固定短语，意思是“将……投入使用”。故填into。 35．句意：我们相信大数据将使我们的生活更轻松、更美好。根据“and better”可知，这里需要一个和“better”并列的比较级，“easy容易的，轻松的”符合语境，其比较级是“easier”。故填easier。 （四）拓展延伸 In a survey online, “China’s Better Life Survey” found that the top three kinds of mobile entertainment (娱乐)are watching short videos, playing games and watching TV dramas. Short videos become the first choice for people to “kill time”, and the proportion (比例)of women brushing short videos is higher than that of men. The survey also found that more than thirty percent of people love online shopping in their free time (31.47%). Those who like online shopping most are young people born after 2000, and people over 60 years old don’t seem to be weak, being the second. Looking at the choice of different kinds of cities, people in first-tier cities like to shop on mobile apps most, while third-tier cities have a higher proportion of live commerce and social ecommerce than first-tier cities. 36．The first choice for people to “kill time” is ________. A．playing games B．watching TV dramas C．shopping online D．watching short videos 37．30.58% of people aged ________ love online shopping in their free time. A．18—25 B．26—35 C．36—45 D．46—60 38．People from first-tier cities like to shop ________ most. A．on mobile apps B．in local shops C．through live commerce D．through social e-commerce 39．What can we know from this passage? A．Few men watch short videos. B．People over 60 don’t like shopping online. C．Young people born after 2000 like online shopping most. D．Shopping through live commerce is the most popular in second-tier cities. 【答案】36．D 37．C 38．A 39．C 【导语】本文介绍了“中国美好生活调查”进行的关于人们看短视频、玩游戏和看电视剧的调查结果。 36．细节理解题。根据“Short videos become the first choice for people to ‘kill time’”可知，人们“打发时间”的首选是观看短视频。故选D。 37．细节理解题。根据“People who love online shopping in their free time”的图表，30.58% 对应的年龄段是36-45。可知36-5岁年龄段中有30.58%的人喜欢在空闲时间网购 。故选C。 38．细节理解题。根据“people in first-tier cities like to shop on mobile apps most”可知，一线城市的人最喜欢通过手机应用购物。故选A。 39．细节理解题。根据“Those who like online shopping most are young people born after 2000”可知，2000年后出生的年轻人最喜欢网购。故选C。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Digital life. Understanding ideals （语法讲解+词汇突破+分层精练） 目 录 一、语法讲解：动词不定式作宾语补足语 1 （一）核心概念 1 （二） 带 to 的不定式 (to do) 作宾语补足语 1 （三）不带 to 的不定式（动词原形 do）作宾语补足语 2 （四） 特殊用法与注意事项 3 二、词汇突破 4 （一）词汇讲解 4 （二）词汇练习 6 三、分层精练 7 （一）单项选择 7 （二）单词拼写 7 （三）选词填空 8 （四）拓展延伸 9 一、语法讲解：动词不定式作宾语补足语 （一）核心概念  在“主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”结构中，动词不定式用于补充说明宾语做什么或处于什么状态。 （二） 带 to 的不定式 (to do) 作宾语补足语 1.适用动词： 这类动词通常表示意愿、命令、请求、建议、允许、禁止、情感、教导、期望等含义。 2.常用动词列表（必须掌握）： ask (请求), tell (告诉), want (想要), wish (希望), would like (想要)allow (允许), permit (允许), forbid (禁止), order (命令), warn (警告) advise (建议), encourage (鼓励), invite (邀请), teach (教), remind (提醒) expect (期望), require (要求), force (强迫), get (使/让 通常指说服或安排), prefer (宁愿) 3.结构： 肯定： 主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + to do sth. My parents want me to go to college. (我父母想让我上大学。) The teacher told us to be quiet. (老师告诉我们要安静。) I advise you to see a doctor. (我建议你去看医生。) 否定： 主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + not to do sth. The doctor warned him not to smoke. (医生警告他不要吸烟。) She asked me not to be late. (她要求我不要迟到。) （三）不带 to 的不定式（动词原形 do）作宾语补足语 1.适用动词： 这类动词主要是感官动词和使役动词。 2.常用动词列表（必须掌握）： 感官动词： see (看见), watch (观看), notice (注意到), observe (观察), hear (听见), listen to (听), feel (感觉到) 使役动词： make (使/让), let (让), have (让/使) 3.结构： 肯定： 主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + do sth. (直接用动词原形) I saw him cross the street. (我看见他过了马路。 强调“过”这个动作发生了/全过程) The music made me feel happy. (这音乐让我感到快乐。) Please let me help you. (请让我帮助你。) The boss had the workers work overtime. (老板让工人们加班。) 否定：使役动词（let,make,have) 及 感官动词（see,hear,watch,feel等）后，不定式需省略to。结构为：主语+动词+宾语+do… Let 的否定：Don't let him go. / Let him not go. (别让他走。) Make 的否定通常用其他结构：The teacher made sure we didn't talk. 或 The teacher didn't allow us to talk. 感官动词的否定通常指“没看见/听见...做某事”，结构不变：I didn't see him come in. (我没看见他进来。) （四） 特殊用法与注意事项 当使用 make 和 感官动词 (see, hear等) 作谓语，并且句子变为被动语态时，后面作主补（主语补足语）的不定式必须带 to。 (主动) They made him work long hours. (被动) He was made to work long hours (by them). (他被强迫长时间工作。) (主动) I saw him enter the building. (被动) He was seen to enter the building (by me). (他被看见进入了那栋楼。) let 和 have： Let 很少用于被动语态表示“让”。 Have (表示“使让”) 一般不用于被动语态。被动语态中表达类似意思常用 be made to do 或 be allowed to do 等。 help 的灵活性： help 后面的不定式作宾补时，to 可带可不带。不带 to 更常见于美式英语。 Can you help me (to) carry this box? (你能帮我搬这个箱子吗？) 当 help 本身是被动形式时，后面不定式必须带 to。 I was helped to finish the work. (有人帮助我完成了工作。) have 的特殊含义： 注意区分 have 的两种用法： have sb do sth：表示 “让/叫/使某人做某事” (主动安排/命令)，宾补用动词原形。 The manager had his assistant book the tickets. (经理让他的助手订票。) have sth done：表示 “让别人做某事” (不是你亲自做) 或 “遭遇某事” (不好的事情)。 I had my hair cut yesterday. (我昨天理了发。 别人给我理的) He had his car stolen last week. (他上周车被偷了。 遭遇) 中考常考区分 have sb do sth (sb 做动作) 和 have sth done (sth 被做)。 （五）中考高频考点真题训练 单项选择：从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择最佳答案。 1.The doctor advised the patient ______ more vegetables and fruits. A. eat B. eating C. to eat D. ate 2.Did you notice anyone ______ the room just now? A. enter B. to enter C. entering D. entered 3.The strict father made his son ______ the piano for two hours every day. A. practice B. to practice C. practicing D. practiced 4.We were made ______ all the windows before leaving the classroom. A. close B. to close C. closing D. closed 5.The teacher often has us ______ English aloud in the morning. A. read B. to read C. reading D. reads 6.I heard him ______ in the shower when I passed the bathroom. A. sing B. to sing C. singing D. sang 7.Let me ______ you with your luggage. A. help B. to help C. helping D. helped 8.The kind lady helped the old man ______ the heavy bag. A. carry B. to carry C. carrying D. A or B 9.The poor man had his wallet ______ on the bus yesterday. A. steal B. to steal C. stealing D. stolen 10.The children are looking forward to ______ the science museum. A. visit B. to visit C. visiting D. visited 二、词汇突破 （一）词汇讲解 1. delicious 含义：美味的，可口的 用法：形容词（修饰食物） 例句： The pizza smells delicious. She cooked a delicious meal for us. 2. pound 含义：英镑（货币）；磅（重量单位） 用法：名词（可数） 例句： This book costs ten pounds. （货币） The baby weighs six pounds. （重量） 3. wallet 含义：钱包 ，皮夹子 用法：名词（可数） 例句： He lost his wallet on the bus. 4. anywhere 含义：任何地方 ，无论何处 用法：副词（常用于否定句句） 例句： I can’t find my keys anywhere. Did you go anywhere interesting last weekend? 5. via 含义：经由；通过（某种方式） 用法：介词（+地点/方式） 例句： We flew to Paris via London. I sent the document via email. 6. progress 含义：进步；进展 用法：不可数名词（常用搭配：make progress） 例句： She has made great progress in English. 7. except for… 含义：除了……之外 用法：介词短语（后接名词/代词） 例句： The room is clean except for a few books on the floor. 8. stay in touch with 含义：与…保持联系 用法：动词短语（=keep in touch with） 例句： We stay in touch with each other by WeChat. （二）词汇练习 A.单项选择 1. —How is the apple pie? —It tastes ______! I want more. A. anywhere B. delicious C. via D. pound 2. I paid twenty ______ for this dictionary. A. wallets B. pounds C. progresses D. via 3. We haven’t met ______ since graduation, but we ______ by phone. A. anywhere；stay in touch B. delicious；except for C. via；progress D. wallet；pound 4. ______ a small mistake, your report is perfect. A. Except for B. Via C. Anywhere D. Progress 5. He shared the photos ______ social media. A. delicious B. progress C. via D. except for B.完形填空 Lucy moved to London last year. She misses her friends but (6) ______ with them online. She studies hard and has made great (7) ______ in French. Yesterday, she bought a (8) ______ for her dad’s birthday. 6. A. stays in touch B. except for C. anywhere D. via 7. A. wallet B. progress C. pound D. delicious 8. A. delicious B. progress C. wallet D. anywhere C.翻译句子 9. 除了下雨天，这个公园任何时候都很美。（except for） 10.为了取得进步，他每天练习钢琴两小时。（progress） 三、分层精练 （一）单项选择 1．My friend Tony invited me ________the latest movie and I agreed. A．watch B．watched C．to watch D．watching 2．The teacher encourages us ________ English every day. A．speak B．to speak C．speaking D．spoke 3．Let’s ________ a map of our dream zoo. A．draw B．to draw C．drawing D．draws 4．She often helps her mother ________ the housework. A．do B．does C．doing D．to doing 5．The teacher asks us ________ English loudly in the morning. A．read B．reading C．to read D．reads 6．—Can we have snacks in the computer room? — No. I think our teacher won’t allow us ________ them. A．eating B．ate C．to eat 7．We should help animals ________ warm in the winter. A．keeps B．keeping C．keep D．kept 8．My parents often tell me ________ in the street for safety. A．to run B．to not run C．to running D．not to run 9．My brother often helps me ________ my math problems. A．solve B．solves C．solving D．to solving 10．My friends encourage me ________ skating lessons. A．take B．takes C．taking D．to take （二）单词拼写 11．N , people like to watch short videos when they travel on buses or subways. 12．You need to relax, because too much pressure is not good for your (develop). 13．The new subway makes it more c for us to go to school. 14．It’s hard to go (任何地方) without maps in a new place 15．I left my w at home. Could you please lend me some money? 16．On a night like this, I want to stay (永远). 17．Everyone was in the classroom e Jack because he had a fever and didn’t go to school. 18．His speech about China’s ['prəʊgres] was fantastic and I felt greatly encouraged! 19．When you finish shopping, go to the cashier to make a ['peɪmənt]. 20．We went to Suzhou Museum (除……之外) Daniel last Friday, because he was badly ill. 21．You can’t use your (可移动的) phone in class. 22．She forgot her keys again. (simple) 23．My daughter makes (进步) in math by practicing every day. 24．Nowadays, our whole life is recorded online through all kinds of d devices. 25．Jack is my close friend. I hope our friendship can last f . （三）选词填空 根据短文内容，用方框中所给单词的正确形式填空，使短文完整正确（每词限用一次） see     app     easy     wait     habit     with     develop     number     improve     into Have you noticed a phenomenon (现象)? After we listen to certain songs on a music 26 , we may pleasantly find that the recommended (被推荐的) songs are just what we want. When we look through a shopping website, the products we plan to buy are 27 for us on the homepage. All of these are based on big data. Big data is no longer only about 28 , but information from almost every part of our lives: our locations, shopping 29 and interests. In the past few years, people have 30 big data being used more often in China. For example, it plays an important role in tourism. The data online is providing people 31 a lot of information about some countries’ places of interest. The information not only shows travellers’ reviews, but also tells which place needs to be 32 . Nowadays, China is speeding up its big data construction in order to better serve social and economic 33 . Big data will be put 34 greater use in other areas like education, social safety and transport. We believe that big data will make our lives 35 and better. Do you expect it? （四）拓展延伸 In a survey online, “China’s Better Life Survey” found that the top three kinds of mobile entertainment (娱乐)are watching short videos, playing games and watching TV dramas. Short videos become the first choice for people to “kill time”, and the proportion (比例)of women brushing short videos is higher than that of men. The survey also found that more than thirty percent of people love online shopping in their free time (31.47%). Those who like online shopping most are young people born after 2000, and people over 60 years old don’t seem to be weak, being the second. Looking at the choice of different kinds of cities, people in first-tier cities like to shop on mobile apps most, while third-tier cities have a higher proportion of live commerce and social ecommerce than first-tier cities. 36．The first choice for people to “kill time” is ________. A．playing games B．watching TV dramas C．shopping online D．watching short videos 37．30.58% of people aged ________ love online shopping in their free time. A．18—25 B．26—35 C．36—45 D．46—60 38．People from first-tier cities like to shop ________ most. A．on mobile apps B．in local shops C．through live commerce D．through social e-commerce 39．What can we know from this passage? A．Few men watch short videos. B．People over 60 don’t like shopping online. C．Young people born after 2000 like online shopping most. D．Shopping through live commerce is the most popular in second-tier cities. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $