Unit 4 Hands on fun.Reading·Grammar·Word power（语法讲解+词汇突破+分层精练）-2025-2026学年人教版（2024）英语八年级上册

Unit 4 Hands on fun. （Reading·Grammar·Word power） （语法讲解+词汇突破+分层精练） 目 录 一、语法讲解Ⅰ：祈使句 1 （一）概念 1 （二）构成方式 (Structure): 2 （三）中考题型祈使句专项练习 3 二 、语法讲解Ⅱ：should和had better的用法 5 （一）含义与用法对比 5 （二）中考题型练习题 6 三、词汇拓展：前缀un-,in-,im- 7 （一） un- 7 （二）in- 7 （三）im- 7 （四）中考经典题型练习 8 四、分层精练 8 （一）单项选择 8 （二）单词拼写 9 （三）完成句子 10 （四）选词填空 11 （五）短文填空 11 一、语法讲解Ⅰ：祈使句 （一）概念 祈使句主要用于表达 命令 (Commands)、请求 (Requests)、建议 (Suggestions)、劝告 (Advice)、叮嘱 (Instructions)、号召 (Appeals)、禁止 (Prohibitions)、邀请 (Invitations)、祝愿 (Wishes) 等。 核心特点：说话对象通常是第二人称 (you), 但主语 you 通常省略。 句末一般用句号 (.), 表达强烈语气（如命令、警告）时可用感叹号 (!)。 （二）构成方式 (Structure): A. 肯定祈使句 (Affirmative Imperatives): 动词原形 (+ 宾语/状语/其他成分) + . 例： Close the door. (关上门。 命令/请求) Be careful! (小心！ 警告/劝告) Have a nice day. (祝你今天愉快。 祝愿) Listen to me carefully. (认真听我说。 叮嘱) B. 否定祈使句 (Negative Imperatives): Don't + 动词原形 (+ 宾语/状语/其他成分) + . (最常用) Never + 动词原形 (+ 宾语/状语/其他成分) + . (语气非常强烈，表示“绝对不要”) 例： Don't run in the hallway. (不要在走廊里跑。 禁止/规定) Don't be shy. (别害羞。 劝告/鼓励) Never tell lies. (永远不要说谎。 强烈劝告) C. 表达建议一起做某事 (Suggesting Joint Action Including the Speaker): 这是祈使句的一个重要功能，用于提出包括说话者本人在内的建议。 核心结构：Let's + 动词原形 (+ 宾语/其他成分) + . Let's = Let us (让我们...) 否定形式：Let's not + 动词原形 (+ 宾语/其他成分) + . (建议不要一起做某事) 例： Let's go to the cinema tonight. (我们今晚去看电影吧。) Let's help each other. (让我们互相帮助吧。) Let's not argue about it. (我们别为这个争吵了。) Let's not waste time. (我们别浪费时间了。) 其他表示建议的句式 (常作为祈使句的补充或更委婉形式)： Shall we + 动词原形...? (我们...好吗？)  更侧重征求意见 Shall we start now? (我们现在开始好吗？) Why not + 动词原形...? (为什么不...呢？) / Why don't we + 动词原形...? (我们为什么不...呢？)  更侧重提出建议 Why not have a picnic? (为什么不去野餐呢？) Why don't we ask the teacher? (我们为什么不问问老师呢？) How/What about + 名词/代词/动名词(Ving)...? (...怎么样？) How about playing basketball? (打篮球怎么样？) What about a cup of tea? (喝杯茶怎么样？) D. 使表达更礼貌 (Making it More Polite): 祈使句有时显得直接或生硬，特别是在请求时。可以通过以下方式使其更礼貌： 加 "please": 放在句首 (语气稍正式) 或 句末 (更常用，用逗号隔开)。 Please open your books. / Open your books, please. Please don't smoke. / Don't smoke, please. 使用疑问句形式 (更委婉): 借助情态动词 can, could, will, would。 Can/Could you (please) pass me the salt? (您能把盐递给我吗？)  Could 比 Can 更礼貌 Will/Would you (please) close the window? (请您关上窗户好吗？)  Would 比 Will 更礼貌 使用 "Would you mind...?" 结构 (非常礼貌): Would you mind + 动名词 (Ving) ...? (您介意...吗？)  表示请求对方做某事 Would you mind opening the door? (您介意开下门吗？) Would you mind not + 动名词 (Ving) ...? (您介意不要...吗？)  表示请求对方不要做某事 Would you mind not smoking here? (您介意不要在这里吸烟吗？) 注意：回答时，如果同意请求，常说 "Not at all." 或 "Of course not."；如果不同意，需要委婉拒绝。 （三）中考题型祈使句专项练习 A. 单项选择 (Choose the best answer) 1.______ so much noise. The baby is sleeping. A. Not make B. Don't make C. Making not D. Doesn't make 2.— I'm afraid I can't solve this math problem. — ______! I'll explain it to you. A. Don't worry B. Not worry C. Worry not D. Doesn't worry 3.______ the instructions before you use the new machine. A. Reading B. Read C. To read D. Reads 4.It's a beautiful day. ______ for a bike ride in the park? A. Let's going B. Let us go C. Let's go D. Let we go 5.The sign says "______" to warn people not to enter. A. No entry B. Not entry C. Don't entry D. Doesn't entry 6.— I feel tired after the long walk. — ______ a rest under that tree. A. Why not have B. Why don't have C. Why not having D. Why not to have 7.This place is quiet. ______ talk loudly, everyone. A. Let's B. Let us not C. Let's not D. Don't let's 8.(选择最礼貌的表达) ______ me your dictionary for a moment? A. Lend B. You lend C. Lending D. Could you lend B.句型转换 (Rewrite the sentences as required) 9.Be polite to the elders. (改为否定句) ______ ______ polite to the elders. 10.Let's watch a movie tonight. (改为以 Shall we 开头的征求意见句) ______ ______ ______ a movie tonight? 二 、语法讲解Ⅱ：should和had better的用法 （一）含义与用法对比 项目 should had better 含义 表示“应该”，一般性建议或义务（语气较弱） 表示“最好”，强烈建议或警告（语气较强，隐含负面后果） 否定形式 should not / shouldn't + 动词原形 （例：You shouldn't be late. had better not + 动词原形 （例：You’d better not be late.） 语法结构 + 动词原形 （例：You should go.） + 动词原形 （不可加 to，例：You had better go. ❌ You had better to go.） 适用场景 通用建议（长辈/晚辈均可） 上级对下级、长辈对晚辈（对长辈避免使用，可用 It might be better... 替代） 省略形式 无 口语中可省略 had（例：Better leave now.） （二）中考题型练习题 A.单项选择 1. —It's raining heavily. You ______ take an umbrella. —Thanks, I will. A. should B. had better C. would 2. You look tired. You ______ go to bed early tonight. A. should B. had better C. must 3. —I have a sore throat. —You ______ drink cold water. A. shouldn’t B. had better not C. don’t 4. Students ______ use mobile phones in class. It’s against the rules. A. shouldn’t B. had better not C. mustn’t 5. Hurry up! We ______ miss the last bus. A. shouldn’t B. had better not C. don’t B.完形填空 6. —My computer keeps crashing. —You ______ check for viruses. Or you ______ lose all your files! A. should; might B. had better; could C. must; should C.改写句子 7. It’s a good idea to wear a helmet when cycling. (改为同义句) → You ______ wear a helmet when cycling. D.改错题 8. You had better to finish your homework before playing games. 错误：______ → 改正：______ E.语境应用 9. 根据对话填空： A: I feel dizzy after running. B: You ______ (drink) some water. You ______ (not push) yourself too hard next time! F.综合选择 10. —Can I watch TV now? —No! You ______ finish your report first. Your teacher said it’s due tomorrow! A. should B. had better C. would 三、词汇拓展：前缀un-,in-,im- （一） un- 含义：表“否定”或“相反”，加在形容词前构成反义词，是形容词常见前缀，意为“不”（最常用） 用法： 形容词/分词：unhappy, unknown, unexpected 动词：unlock, untie, uncover 口诀：不开心(unhappy)、未上锁(unlock)，un前缀最灵活 （二） in- 含义：表“不”或“非”，用于构成反义词 用法： 拉丁词源的形容词：inactive, incorrect, invisible 变形规则： l开头 → il：illegal, illogical r开头 → ir：irregular, irresponsible 口诀：拉丁词根加in，遇到l/r要变身 （三） im- 含义：表“不”或“反”，同样用于构成反义词 用法： b/m/p开头的形容词： im + possible → impossible im + polite → impolite im + balance → imbalance 口诀：b/m/p 三兄弟，im前缀来帮忙 （四）中考经典题型练习 选择正确前缀补全句子： 1. It’s ______polite to talk with your mouth full. (im/in) 2. The scientist discovered an ______known species. (un/im) 3. Your answer is ______correct; try again. (in/un) 4. Please ______lock the door when you leave. (un/in) 5. It’s ______possible to fly without wings. (im/un) 6. The ______visible ink can only be seen under UV light. (in/un) 7. She felt ______certain about her decision. (un/im) 8. His ______patient behavior annoyed the teacher. (im/in) 9. It’s ______legal to park here. (il/im) （注意变形） 10. We were ______pleased with the poor service. (dis/un) （易混淆预警） 四、分层精练 （一）单项选择 1．Instructions are important. You ________ begin your work without reading them. A．must B．may C．should not D．needn’t 2．Do you know roses ________ love? A．stand for B．belong to C．hear D．keep on 3．There aren’t many tickets left for the concert, you’d better ________ that you get one today. A．make friends B．make mistakes C．make sure D．make plans 4．—Don’t forget to keep a safe social distance in public places, Tony! —________. A．OK, I won’t B．Never mind C．Not at all D．I hope not 5．—Tom, can you guess what is inside these blind boxes? —Well, anything is possible! But I still think we had better not ________ blind boxes, or we won’t be able to stop buying them. A．be crazy about B．be afraid of C．be patient with D．be sure of 6．—People can’t stop AI from being used in education. —I can’t agree more. ________, we should think about how to use it safely and properly. A．Instead B．Anyway C．Moreover D．However 7．—May I smoke here? —I’m afraid you 　　　　. This is a non-smoking area (无烟区). A．can B．can’t C．need D．need’t 8．Not only my children but also my husband ________ crazy about the movie The Wandering Earth II. A．is B．are C．am D．be 9．The school rule says, “_______ late for class. It’s important to be on time.” A．Don’t be B．Not be C．Be not D．Isn’t 10．—I’ve got a toothache, Mom. —Oh, you ________ eat too much candy. A．shouldn’t B．needn’t C．should D．need 11．You’d better ________ Simon about it. It’s secret. A．tell B．to tell C．not tell D．not to tell 12．—Where is your father, Helen? —He is trying to ________ a new shower in the bathroom. A．put out B．put in C．put through D．put down 13．Tony, ________ the bottle with water and keep it in the cool corner! A．filling B．fills C．fill D．to fill 14．You’d better ________ because you have to drive back to your company. A．not drinking B．not drink C．don’t drink D．not to drink 15．Sometimes we should point out others’________ directly and tell them what they should do. A．reasons B．accidents C．mistakes D．truths （二）单词拼写 16．Jenny went to bed at her u (通常的) time last night. 17．You should read these (instruct) carefully first before you open the box. 18．Look! There is some (胶带) on the table. 19．Tom was taking a (课程) in DIY in order to learn more about it. 20．When Nancy’s mother entered the room, she found the room in a terrible m . 21．You’d b do your homework alone. 22．I went to Sandy’s home (make) the card for my mother. 23．Some teenagers seem much (crazy) than usual when they see their favorite idols. 24．My father always m my height on the wall. Now I am much taller than before. 25．It is snowing heavily outside. It’s (possible) for him to get there on time. 26．It’s so (danger) to run in the hallways. 27．We can’t throw used batteries away. I , they should be collected for special treatment. 28．How many (brush) are there on the floor? 29．My watch is broken and I can (修理) it by myself. 30．Before the invention of the bulb, people had to use oil (灯) . （三）完成句子 31．You must hurry up. We have little time left. (改为同义句) ! We have little time left. 32．Students should work hard at all their lessons. (改为一般疑问句) students hard at all their lessons? 33．It’s best for you to leave at once. (同义句转换) You leave at once. 34．You mustn’t do that again. (改为祈使句) that again. 35．我表哥的房间一团糟。 我建议他整理一下。 My cousin’s room was . I advised him to tidy it up. 36．吉姆从来不犯同样的错误。 Jim . 37．You had better ask your teacher for help. (改为否定句)       ask your teacher for help. 38．爸爸劝我不要痴迷于玩电脑游戏。 Dad advised me playing computer games. 39．你最好不要痴迷于看短视频。 short videos. 40．书柜里装满了书。 一半的书是新的。 The bookcase books. Half of the books are new. （四）选词填空 请根据句意，从方框中选择合适的单词，并用其适当形式填空，使句子通顺（每个单词限用一次）。 healthy  possible  wise  tidy  correct  patient 41．Sitting in front of the screen for too long is . It’s bad for your eyes. 42．Nothing is if you put your heart in it. 43．It would be to comment on the situation without knowing all the facts. 44．Your room is . Your toys are all on the floor. 45．Don’t be with your son. After all he is only seven years old. 46．The answer to the question is . Please think it over and try again. （五）短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 DIY is becoming more and more popular. It stands 47 “Do It Yourself.” Many people like it. There are many 48 (reason) for this, and here are some of them. First, DIY is 49 (cheap) than buying something in the shop. It helps you save money. Second, people enjoy 50 (know) how to do something new. They feel better 51 they learn a new skill. Third, some people work better by 52 (they). They can look at something that they have made and say 53 (happy), “I did this all by myself.” One of my friends 54 (buy) an old house a few months ago. He and his wife painted all the walls in every room, and now his house looks 55 (beautiful) than before. Another example is my neighbour, John. He went to night school to learn how 56 (fix) cars. Now he has learned to do most of the repair work. He enjoys the work very much. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Hands on fun. （Reading·Grammar·Word power） （语法讲解+词汇突破+分层精练） 目 录 一、语法讲解Ⅰ：祈使句 1 （一）概念 1 （二）构成方式 (Structure): 2 （三）中考题型祈使句专项练习 3 二 、语法讲解Ⅱ：should和had better的用法 6 （一）含义与用法对比 6 （二）中考题型练习题 7 三、词汇拓展：前缀un-,in-,im- 8 （一） un- 8 （二）in- 9 （三）im- 9 （四）中考经典题型练习 9 四、分层精练 10 （一）单项选择 10 （二）单词拼写 14 （三）完成句子 16 （四）选词填空 18 （五）短文填空 19 一、语法讲解Ⅰ：祈使句 （一）概念 祈使句主要用于表达 命令 (Commands)、请求 (Requests)、建议 (Suggestions)、劝告 (Advice)、叮嘱 (Instructions)、号召 (Appeals)、禁止 (Prohibitions)、邀请 (Invitations)、祝愿 (Wishes) 等。 核心特点：说话对象通常是第二人称 (you), 但主语 you 通常省略。 句末一般用句号 (.), 表达强烈语气（如命令、警告）时可用感叹号 (!)。 （二）构成方式 (Structure): A. 肯定祈使句 (Affirmative Imperatives): 动词原形 (+ 宾语/状语/其他成分) + . 例： Close the door. (关上门。 命令/请求) Be careful! (小心！ 警告/劝告) Have a nice day. (祝你今天愉快。 祝愿) Listen to me carefully. (认真听我说。 叮嘱) B. 否定祈使句 (Negative Imperatives): Don't + 动词原形 (+ 宾语/状语/其他成分) + . (最常用) Never + 动词原形 (+ 宾语/状语/其他成分) + . (语气非常强烈，表示“绝对不要”) 例： Don't run in the hallway. (不要在走廊里跑。 禁止/规定) Don't be shy. (别害羞。 劝告/鼓励) Never tell lies. (永远不要说谎。 强烈劝告) C. 表达建议一起做某事 (Suggesting Joint Action Including the Speaker): 这是祈使句的一个重要功能，用于提出包括说话者本人在内的建议。 核心结构：Let's + 动词原形 (+ 宾语/其他成分) + . Let's = Let us (让我们...) 否定形式：Let's not + 动词原形 (+ 宾语/其他成分) + . (建议不要一起做某事) 例： Let's go to the cinema tonight. (我们今晚去看电影吧。) Let's help each other. (让我们互相帮助吧。) Let's not argue about it. (我们别为这个争吵了。) Let's not waste time. (我们别浪费时间了。) 其他表示建议的句式 (常作为祈使句的补充或更委婉形式)： Shall we + 动词原形...? (我们...好吗？)  更侧重征求意见 Shall we start now? (我们现在开始好吗？) Why not + 动词原形...? (为什么不...呢？) / Why don't we + 动词原形...? (我们为什么不...呢？)  更侧重提出建议 Why not have a picnic? (为什么不去野餐呢？) Why don't we ask the teacher? (我们为什么不问问老师呢？) How/What about + 名词/代词/动名词(Ving)...? (...怎么样？) How about playing basketball? (打篮球怎么样？) What about a cup of tea? (喝杯茶怎么样？) D. 使表达更礼貌 (Making it More Polite): 祈使句有时显得直接或生硬，特别是在请求时。可以通过以下方式使其更礼貌： 加 "please": 放在句首 (语气稍正式) 或 句末 (更常用，用逗号隔开)。 Please open your books. / Open your books, please. Please don't smoke. / Don't smoke, please. 使用疑问句形式 (更委婉): 借助情态动词 can, could, will, would。 Can/Could you (please) pass me the salt? (您能把盐递给我吗？)  Could 比 Can 更礼貌 Will/Would you (please) close the window? (请您关上窗户好吗？)  Would 比 Will 更礼貌 使用 "Would you mind...?" 结构 (非常礼貌): Would you mind + 动名词 (Ving) ...? (您介意...吗？)  表示请求对方做某事 Would you mind opening the door? (您介意开下门吗？) Would you mind not + 动名词 (Ving) ...? (您介意不要...吗？)  表示请求对方不要做某事 Would you mind not smoking here? (您介意不要在这里吸烟吗？) 注意：回答时，如果同意请求，常说 "Not at all." 或 "Of course not."；如果不同意，需要委婉拒绝。 （三）中考题型祈使句专项练习 A. 单项选择 (Choose the best answer) 1.______ so much noise. The baby is sleeping. A. Not make B. Don't make C. Making not D. Doesn't make 2.— I'm afraid I can't solve this math problem. — ______! I'll explain it to you. A. Don't worry B. Not worry C. Worry not D. Doesn't worry 3.______ the instructions before you use the new machine. A. Reading B. Read C. To read D. Reads 4.It's a beautiful day. ______ for a bike ride in the park? A. Let's going B. Let us go C. Let's go D. Let we go 5.The sign says "______" to warn people not to enter. A. No entry B. Not entry C. Don't entry D. Doesn't entry 6.— I feel tired after the long walk. — ______ a rest under that tree. A. Why not have B. Why don't have C. Why not having D. Why not to have 7.This place is quiet. ______ talk loudly, everyone. A. Let's B. Let us not C. Let's not D. Don't let's 8.(选择最礼貌的表达) ______ me your dictionary for a moment? A. Lend B. You lend C. Lending D. Could you lend B.句型转换 (Rewrite the sentences as required) 9.Be polite to the elders. (改为否定句) ______ ______ polite to the elders. 10.Let's watch a movie tonight. (改为以 Shall we 开头的征求意见句) ______ ______ ______ a movie tonight? 【答案】1.B. Don't make；2.A. Don't worry；3.B. Read；4.C. Let's go；5.A. No entry；6.A. Why not have；7.C. Let's not；8.D. Could you lend；9.Don't be；10.Shall we watch； 【详解】1. 根据句意“宝宝在睡觉”可知需要否定祈使句，要求“不要制造噪音”。否定祈使句结构为 Don't + 动词原形。A缺少助动词Don't，C语序错误，D是陈述句的否定形式且主语未省略。 2.上下文是安慰对方“别担心，我来讲解”。否定祈使句结构 Don't + 动词原形 (worry)。B、C结构错误，D是陈述句否定形式。 3. 这是肯定祈使句，直接以动词原形开头。A (Reading) 是动名词/现在分词，C (To read) 是不定式，D (Reads) 是第三人称单数形式，都不能用于祈使句开头。 4. 表示建议“我们一起去...”，用 Let's + 动词原形。A (Let's going) 动词形式错误，Let's后必须接动词原形。B (Let us go) 语法正确，但在表示建议一起做某事时，Let's (Let us 的缩写) 更常用、更自然。D (Let we go) 代词错误，应用宾格us。 5. 公共警示牌常用 No + 名词/动名词 结构表示禁止（相当于Don't + 动词原形）。"No entry" 意为“禁止入内”。B (Not entry) 结构错误。C (Don't entry) 中entry是名词，不能直接用Don't修饰。D (Doesn't entry) 结构完全错误。 6. “Why not + 动词原形...?” 是表示建议的常用句型，意为“为什么不...呢？”。B (Why don't have) 缺少主语（应为Why don't you/we have）。C (Why not having) 动词形式错误，Why not后接动词原形。D (Why not to have) 动词形式错误。 7. 根据句意“这里很安静”，建议“大家不要大声说话”。表示“建议不要一起做某事”用 Let's not + 动词原形。A (Let's) 是肯定建议，与句意矛盾。B (Let us not) 语法正确但不够常用，不如Let's not自然。D (Don't let's) 是非标准表达。 8. 题目要求“最礼貌的表达”借词典的请求。A (Lend) 是直接祈使句，不够礼貌。B (You lend) 是陈述句，不是请求。C (Lending) 是分词，不能独立成句。D (Could you lend) 使用情态动词could构成疑问句，是最礼貌的请求方式之一。 9. 原句肯定祈使句 Be polite...。改为否定句，结构为 Don't + be (动词原形)。注意be动词在祈使句中的否定形式是 Don't be，不是 Be not。 10.原句是建议 Let's watch...。要改为用 Shall we 开头的征求意见句，结构为 Shall we + 动词原形 + ...?。所以是 Shall we watch a movie tonight?。 二 、语法讲解Ⅱ：should和had better的用法 （一）含义与用法对比 项目 should had better 含义 表示“应该”，一般性建议或义务（语气较弱） 表示“最好”，强烈建议或警告（语气较强，隐含负面后果） 否定形式 should not / shouldn't + 动词原形 （例：You shouldn't be late. had better not + 动词原形 （例：You’d better not be late.） 语法结构 + 动词原形 （例：You should go.） + 动词原形 （不可加 to，例：You had better go. ❌ You had better to go.） 适用场景 通用建议（长辈/晚辈均可） 上级对下级、长辈对晚辈（对长辈避免使用，可用 It might be better... 替代） 省略形式 无 口语中可省略 had（例：Better leave now.） （二）中考题型练习题 A.单项选择 1. —It's raining heavily. You ______ take an umbrella. —Thanks, I will. A. should B. had better C. would 【答案】A 【详解】表示一般建议（“应该带伞”），无警告意味，用 should 。 2. You look tired. You ______ go to bed early tonight. A. should B. had better C. must 【答案】B 【详解】隐含“否则会更累”的后果，语气较强，用 had better 。 3. —I have a sore throat. —You ______ drink cold water. A. shouldn’t B. had better not C. don’t 【答案】A 【详解】一般性劝告（“不应该喝”），用 shouldn’t；had better not 多用于具体情境的警告。 4. Students ______ use mobile phones in class. It’s against the rules. A. shouldn’t B. had better not C. mustn’t 【答案】C 【详解】校规禁止，需用 mustn’t（禁止）。shouldn’t 表建议，语气不足。 5. Hurry up! We ______ miss the last bus. A. shouldn’t B. had better not C. don’t 【答案】B 【详解】隐含“错过公交”的后果，强调紧迫性，用 had better not 。 B.完形填空 6. —My computer keeps crashing. —You ______ check for viruses. Or you ______ lose all your files! A. should; might B. had better; could C. must; should 【答案】B 【详解】第一空为一般建议（should）；第二空强调“可能丢失文件”的后果，用 had better 更贴合警告语气。 C.改写句子 7. It’s a good idea to wear a helmet when cycling. (改为同义句) → You ______ wear a helmet when cycling. 【答案】should / had better 【详解】should 和 had better 均可表建议，但 had better 隐含安全警告（如摔倒受伤）。 D.改错题 8. You had better to finish your homework before playing games. 错误：______ → 改正：______ 【答案】to finish → finish 【详解】had better 后接动词原形，不加 to 。 E.语境应用 9. 根据对话填空： A: I feel dizzy after running. B: You ______ (drink) some water. You ______ (not push) yourself too hard next time! 【答案】should drink; had better not push 【详解】第一空为一般建议（补充水分）；第二空警告“避免过度运动”，用 had better not 。 F.综合选择 10. —Can I watch TV now? —No! You ______ finish your report first. Your teacher said it’s due tomorrow! A. should B. had better C. would 【答案】B 【详解】强调“不完成报告会有后果”（如被批评），用 had better 表达紧迫性。 三、词汇拓展：前缀un-,in-,im- （一） un- 含义：表“否定”或“相反”，加在形容词前构成反义词，是形容词常见前缀，意为“不”（最常用） 用法： 形容词/分词：unhappy, unknown, unexpected 动词：unlock, untie, uncover 口诀：不开心(unhappy)、未上锁(unlock)，un前缀最灵活 （二） in- 含义：表“不”或“非”，用于构成反义词 用法： 拉丁词源的形容词：inactive, incorrect, invisible 变形规则： l开头 → il：illegal, illogical r开头 → ir：irregular, irresponsible 口诀：拉丁词根加in，遇到l/r要变身 （三） im- 含义：表“不”或“反”，同样用于构成反义词 用法： b/m/p开头的形容词： im + possible → impossible im + polite → impolite im + balance → imbalance 口诀：b/m/p 三兄弟，im前缀来帮忙 （四）中考经典题型练习 选择正确前缀补全句子： 1. It’s ______polite to talk with your mouth full. (im/in) 2. The scientist discovered an ______known species. (un/im) 3. Your answer is ______correct; try again. (in/un) 4. Please ______lock the door when you leave. (un/in) 5. It’s ______possible to fly without wings. (im/un) 6. The ______visible ink can only be seen under UV light. (in/un) 7. She felt ______certain about her decision. (un/im) 8. His ______patient behavior annoyed the teacher. (im/in) 9. It’s ______legal to park here. (il/im) （注意变形） 10. We were ______pleased with the poor service. (dis/un) （易混淆预警） 【答案与解析】 1. impolite 解析：polite以p开头 → 用im 2. unknown 解析：known为分词 → 固定用un 3. incorrect 解析：correct为拉丁词源 → 用in 4. unlock 解析：动词变反义动作 → 用un 5. impossible 解析：possible以p开头 → im 6. invisible 解析：visible拉丁词源 → in（非b/m/p） 7. uncertain 解析：形容词certain → 常用un 8. impatient 解析：patient以p开头 → im 9. illegal 解析：legal以l开头 → in变形为il 10. displeased 解析：易错点！ pleased反义词是displeased（非unpleased） 四、分层精练 （一）单项选择 1．Instructions are important. You ________ begin your work without reading them. A．must B．may C．should not D．needn’t 【答案】C 【详解】句意：操作指南很重要。你不应该在不阅读它们的情况下开始工作。 考查情态动词辨析。must必须；may可能，可以；should not不应该；needn’t不必。根据句意“Instructions are important. You ... begin your work without reading them.”可知此处表达“你不应该在不阅读它们的情况下开始工作”。故选C。 2．Do you know roses ________ love? A．stand for B．belong to C．hear D．keep on 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你知道玫瑰花象征着爱情吗？ 考查动词短语和动词辨析。stand for象征，代表；belong to属于；hear听到；keep on继续做。结合“roses...love”可知，这里是指玫瑰花象征着爱情。故选A。 3．There aren’t many tickets left for the concert, you’d better ________ that you get one today. A．make friends B．make mistakes C．make sure D．make plans 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这场音乐会剩下的票不多了，你最好确保今天买到一张票。 考查动词短语。make friends交朋友；make mistakes犯错；make sure确保；make plans制订计划。根据上文“There aren’t many tickets left”可知，票所剩无几，所以此处是指要采取行动，确保今天买到票。故选C。 4．—Don’t forget to keep a safe social distance in public places, Tony! —________. A．OK, I won’t B．Never mind C．Not at all D．I hope not 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——不要忘记在公共场所保持安全的社交距离，Tony！——好的，我不会的。 考查情景交际。OK, I won’t好的，我不会的；Never mind别介意；Not at all不客气；I hope not我希望不。根据“Don’t forget to keep a safe social distance in public places, Tony!”可知，是提醒Tony在公共场所保持安全社交距离，“OK, I won’t”是正确选择，因为它表示接受提醒并承诺不会忘记，故选A。 5．—Tom, can you guess what is inside these blind boxes? —Well, anything is possible! But I still think we had better not ________ blind boxes, or we won’t be able to stop buying them. A．be crazy about B．be afraid of C．be patient with D．be sure of 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——汤姆，你能猜出这些盲盒里是什么吗？——好吧，一切皆有可能！但我仍然认为我们最好不要对盲盒着迷，否则我们将无法停止购买它们。 考查短语辨析。be crazy about迷上；be afraid of害怕；be patient with对……有耐心；be sure of确信。根据“or we won’t be able to stop buying them”并结合选项可知，此处指不要对盲盒着迷，否则将无法停止购买它们。故选A。 6．—People can’t stop AI from being used in education. —I can’t agree more. ________, we should think about how to use it safely and properly. A．Instead B．Anyway C．Moreover D．However 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——人们无法阻止人工智能在教育中的应用。——我完全同意。而且，我们应该思考如何安全恰当地使用它。 考查副词辨析。Instead：反而，代替（表取而代之的选择）；Anyway无论如何无论如何，总之（表总结或让步）；Moreover此外，而且（表递进补充）；However然而，但是（表转折对比）。据“I can’t agree more”可知，后者认同“AI 在教育中应用不可阻挡”的观点，因此取而代之的是应该考虑如何使用。故选A。 7．—May I smoke here? —I’m afraid you 　　　　. This is a non-smoking area (无烟区). A．can B．can’t C．need D．need’t 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我可以在这里抽烟吗？——恐怕你不能。这里是无烟区。 考查动词辨析。can能；can’t不能；need需要；need’t不需要。根据“This is a non-smoking area (无烟区).”可知，应该说不能在这里抽烟。故选B。 8．Not only my children but also my husband ________ crazy about the movie The Wandering Earth II. A．is B．are C．am D．be 【答案】A 【详解】句意：不仅孩子们而且我的丈夫都狂热于电影《流浪地球2》。 考查be动词。not only...but also...连接句子的主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”，题目中靠近谓语动词的是my husband，为第三人称单数名词，所以谓语动词应该用is。故选A。 9．The school rule says, “_______ late for class. It’s important to be on time.” A．Don’t be B．Not be C．Be not D．Isn’t 【答案】A 【详解】句意：校规上说：“上课不要迟到。准时很重要。” 考查祈使句的否定形式。祈使句通常用来表示命令、请求、建议等，以动词原形开头。其否定形式是在动词原形前加“Don’t”。“be late for”是固定短语，意为“迟到”，所以“不要迟到”的正确表达是“Don’t be late for...”。故选A。 10．—I’ve got a toothache, Mom. —Oh, you ________ eat too much candy. A．shouldn’t B．needn’t C．should D．need 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——妈妈，我牙痛。 ——哦，你不应该吃太多的糖果。 考查情态动词。shouldn’t不应该；needn’t不需要；should应该；need需要。根据题意和常识可知，“牙疼”本质上是“吃糖过多”的不良后果，所以这里应用shouldn’t表示“禁止性建议”。故选A。 11．You’d better ________ Simon about it. It’s secret. A．tell B．to tell C．not tell D．not to tell 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你最好不要把这件事告诉西蒙。这是秘密。 考查固定用法。had better (not) do sth.“最好(不)做某事”。根据“secret”可知，这是一个秘密，最好不要告诉。故选C。 12．—Where is your father, Helen? —He is trying to ________ a new shower in the bathroom. A．put out B．put in C．put through D．put down 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你爸爸在哪里，海伦？——他正设法在浴室安装一个新的淋浴器。 考查动词辨析。put out扑灭；put in安装；put through完成，接通；put down放下。根据“...a new shower in the bathroom”可知，应是在浴室安装淋浴器。故选B。 13．Tony, ________ the bottle with water and keep it in the cool corner! A．filling B．fills C．fill D．to fill 【答案】C 【详解】句意：托尼，把瓶子装满水，放在凉爽的角落里！ 考查祈使句。分析句子可知，本句是祈使句，应以动词原形开头，故选C。 14．You’d better ________ because you have to drive back to your company. A．not drinking B．not drink C．don’t drink D．not to drink 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你最好别喝酒，因为你得开车回公司。 考查情态动词后接动词原形。had better do sth“最好做某事”，否定形式是：had better not do sth。故选B。 15．Sometimes we should point out others’________ directly and tell them what they should do. A．reasons B．accidents C．mistakes D．truths 【答案】C 【详解】句意：有时候我们应该直接指出别人的错误，并告诉他们应该做什么。 考查名词辨析。reasons原因；accidents事故；mistakes错误；truths真相。根据“we should point out others’…directly and tell them what they should do”可知此处指“直接指出别人的错误”。 故选C。 （二）单词拼写 16．Jenny went to bed at her u (通常的) time last night. 【答案】(u)sual 【详解】句意：昨晚Jenny像平常时间一样按时上床睡觉了。usual“通常的”，形容词作定语。故填(u)sual。 17．You should read these (instruct) carefully first before you open the box. 【答案】instructions 【详解】句意：在你打开箱子之前应该先仔细阅读这些说明。根据“these”及提示词可知，these后接可数名词复数。instruct“指示”，动词，名词复数形式为instructions。故填instructions。 18．Look! There is some (胶带) on the table. 【答案】tape 【详解】句意：看！桌子上有一些胶带。根据“some”可知，其后接可数名词复数或者不可数名词。tape意为“胶带”时是不可数名词，故填tape。 19．Tom was taking a (课程) in DIY in order to learn more about it. 【答案】course/lesson/class 【详解】句意：Tom正在上DIY课程，为了了解更多这方面的知识。根据汉语提示可知此处应用名词“course/lesson/class”，take a course/lesson/class“上课”。故填course/lesson/class。 20．When Nancy’s mother entered the room, she found the room in a terrible m . 【答案】(m)ess 【详解】句意：南希的母亲走进房间时，发现房间乱成一团。根据首字母提示可知，房间很乱，in a mess“一团糟”，故填(m)ess。 21．You’d b do your homework alone. 【答案】(b)etter 【详解】句意：你最好独自写作业。根据首字母提示及“You’d...do your homework alone.”可知，此处考查固定搭配：had better do sth.“最好做某事”，指的是最好独自写作业。故填(b)etter。 22．I went to Sandy’s home (make) the card for my mother. 【答案】to make 【详解】句意：我去桑迪家为给我妈妈制作卡片。根据“I went to Sandy’s home...my mother.”及提示词可知，去桑迪家的目的是制作卡片，用动词不定式表目的。故填to make。 23．Some teenagers seem much (crazy) than usual when they see their favorite idols. 【答案】crazier 【详解】句意：当一些青少年看到他们最喜欢的偶像时，他们似乎比平时更疯狂。根据“than usual”可知，此处用形容词比较级，crazy的比较级为crazier。故填crazier。 24．My father always m my height on the wall. Now I am much taller than before. 【答案】(m)arks 【详解】句意：我父亲总是在墙上标出我的身高。现在我比以前高多了。根据“My father always…my height on the wall.”以及首字母可知，此处说的是在墙上标记身高，mark意为“做标记”，句子时态是一般现在时，主语是My father，谓语动词用单数第三人称marks。故填(m)arks。 25．It is snowing heavily outside. It’s (possible) for him to get there on time. 【答案】impossible 【详解】句意：外面雪下的很大。他不可能准时到达。根据“It is snowing heavily outside. It’s ... for him to get there on time.”可知，因为正在下大雪，所以准时到达是不可能的。此处应用possible的反义词impossible“不可能的”。故填impossible。 26．It’s so (danger) to run in the hallways. 【答案】dangerous 【详解】句意：在走廊里跑太危险了。根据空格前“It’s”，结合所给词可知，danger“危险”，名词，此处应该填入其形容词形式dangerous，作表语，意为“危险的”符合句意。故填dangerous。 27．We can’t throw used batteries away. I , they should be collected for special treatment. 【答案】(I)nstead 【详解】句意：我们不能扔掉用过的电池。相反，它们应该被收集起来进行特殊处理。根据“We can’t throw used batteries away...they should be collected for special treatment.”可知不能扔掉用过的电池，相反，它们应该被收集起来进行特殊处理，instead“相反”。故填(I)nstead。 28．How many (brush) are there on the floor? 【答案】brushes 【详解】句意：地板上有多少把刷子？How many后接可数名词复数，用于对数量进行提问。故填brushes。 29．My watch is broken and I can (修理) it by myself. 【答案】repair/fix 【详解】句意：我的手表坏了，我可以自己修理。根据“My watch is broken”，结合中文提示可知，此处指的是“我”可以自己修理手表，repair/fix“修理”，动词原形，结合空格前“can”是情态动词，后跟动词原形，所以此处动词用原形。故填repair/fix。 30．Before the invention of the bulb, people had to use oil (灯) . 【答案】lamps 【详解】句意：在电灯泡发明之前，人们不得不使用油灯。根据汉语提示以及空前单词oil可知，此处是指“油灯”，表达“油灯”用短语oil lamp，名词复数表示一类事物。lamp的复数形式为lamps。故填lamps。 （三）完成句子 31．You must hurry up. We have little time left. (改为同义句) ! We have little time left. 【答案】 Hurry up 【详解】句意：你得赶紧了。我们的时间所剩无几了。根据题干要求，“You must hurry up.”的同义表达为hurry up。注意句首需大写。故填Hurry；up。 32．Students should work hard at all their lessons. (改为一般疑问句) students hard at all their lessons? 【答案】 Should work 【详解】句意：学生们应当努力学习每一门课程。句中含有情态动词should，变一般疑问句时要把情态动词should提到句首，动词work需用原形。注意句首需大写。故填Should；work。 33．It’s best for you to leave at once. (同义句转换) You leave at once. 【答案】 had better 【详解】句意：你最好马上离开。根据“It’s best for you to leave at once.”可知，“It’s best for sb. to do sth.”（某人最好做某事）可以转换为 “sb. had better do sth.”（某人最好做某事）。故填had；better。 34．You mustn’t do that again. (改为祈使句) that again. 【答案】 Don’t do 【详解】句意：你不能再那么做了。根据原句“You mustn’t do that again.”和题干要求可知，此处应用祈使句的否定形式，do“做”为实义动词，表示否定，应在实义动词do前加助动词do的否定式don’t，且位于句首首字母应大写。故填Don’t；do。 35．我表哥的房间一团糟。 我建议他整理一下。 My cousin’s room was . I advised him to tidy it up. 【答案】in a mess 【详解】be in a mess“一团糟”，介词短语作表语，故填in a mess。 36．吉姆从来不犯同样的错误。 Jim . 【答案】never makes the same mistake 【详解】时态为一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数Jim，动词用三单形式；never“从不”；makes the same mistake“犯同样的错误”。故填never makes the same mistake。 37．You had better ask your teacher for help. (改为否定句)       ask your teacher for help. 【答案】 You’d better not 【详解】句意：你最好向你的老师寻求帮助。根据题干要求需改为否定句，句中含“had better”，其否定形式为had better not do sth.。故填You’d；better；not。 38．爸爸劝我不要痴迷于玩电脑游戏。 Dad advised me playing computer games. 【答案】not to be addicted to 【详解】“advise sb. not to do sth.”是固定用法，意为“建议某人不要做某事” ，“痴迷于”常用“be addicted to”表达，这里需要用动词不定式的否定形式“not to be addicted to” ，翻译为“不要痴迷于” 。故填not to be addicted to。 39．你最好不要痴迷于看短视频。 short videos. 【答案】You had better not be crazy about watching 【详解】对比中英文可知，空处缺少“你最好不要痴迷于看”。you“你”，位于句首首字母大写；had better not do sth“最好不要做某事”；be crazy about doing sth“痴迷于做某事”；watch“看”。故填You had better not be crazy about watching。 40．书柜里装满了书。 一半的书是新的。 The bookcase books. Half of the books are new. 【答案】is filled with/is full of 【详解】根据中英文提示可知，此处需要表达“装满了”的含义，对应的英文短语有be filled with和be full of；句子的主语是The bookcase，为单数形式，因此be动词应使用is。故填is filled with/full of。 （四）选词填空 请根据句意，从方框中选择合适的单词，并用其适当形式填空，使句子通顺（每个单词限用一次）。 healthy  possible  wise  tidy  correct  patient 41．Sitting in front of the screen for too long is . It’s bad for your eyes. 42．Nothing is if you put your heart in it. 43．It would be to comment on the situation without knowing all the facts. 44．Your room is . Your toys are all on the floor. 45．Don’t be with your son. After all he is only seven years old. 46．The answer to the question is . Please think it over and try again. 【答案】41．unhealthy 42．impossible 43．unwise 44．untidy 45．impatient 46．incorrect 【详解】41．句意：长时间坐在屏幕前是不健康的。这对你的眼睛有害。根据“It’s bad for your eyes.”及备选词可知，此处填形容词作表语，且表示“不健康的”，healthy的反义词unhealthy。故填unhealthy。 42．句意：只要你用心，没有什 么是不可能的。根据句意及备选词可知，此处表示没有什么是不可能的，故此处填 possible的反义词impossible“不可能的”。故填impossible。 43．句意：在不了解全部事实的情况下就对这种情况发表评论是不明智的。根据“without knowing all the facts”及备选词可知，此处指在不了解所有事实的情况下评论局势是不明智的，故此处填wise的反义词unwise“不明智的”。故填unwise。 44．句意：你的房间很乱。你的玩具都散落在地板上了。根据“Your toys are all on the floor.”可推知，此处指你的房间是不整洁的，故填tidy的反义词untidy，表示“不整洁的”。故填untidy。 45．句意：不要对你的儿子没耐心。毕竟他才七岁。根据“After  all  he  is only seven years old.”及备选词可知，此处表 示不要没耐心，故填patient的反义词impatient，表示“没有耐心的”。故填impatient。 46．句意：这个问题的答案是错误的。请仔细思考后再做回答。根据“Please think it over and try again.”及备选词可知，此处指“答案不正确”，应填correct的反义词incorrect，表示“不正确的”。故填incorrect。 （五）短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 DIY is becoming more and more popular. It stands 47 “Do It Yourself.” Many people like it. There are many 48 (reason) for this, and here are some of them. First, DIY is 49 (cheap) than buying something in the shop. It helps you save money. Second, people enjoy 50 (know) how to do something new. They feel better 51 they learn a new skill. Third, some people work better by 52 (they). They can look at something that they have made and say 53 (happy), “I did this all by myself.” One of my friends 54 (buy) an old house a few months ago. He and his wife painted all the walls in every room, and now his house looks 55 (beautiful) than before. Another example is my neighbour, John. He went to night school to learn how 56 (fix) cars. Now he has learned to do most of the repair work. He enjoys the work very much. 【答案】 47．for 48．reasons 49．cheaper 50．knowing 51．when 52．themselves 53．happily 54．bought 55．more beautiful 56．to fix 【详解】本文主要介绍了DIY的几点好处，并通过举例来说明。 47．句意：它代表“自己动手”。根据“DIY is becoming more and more popular. It stands…‘Do It Yourself.’”可知，此处为固定短语stand for“代表”。故填for。 48．句意：造成这种情况的原因有很多，以下是其中的一些原因。根据“many”可知，此处应用名词reason的复数形式。故填reasons。 49．句意：首先，DIY比在商店买东西便宜。根据“than”可知，此处应用形容词cheap的比较级cheaper，表示“更便宜的”。故填cheaper。 50．句意：其次，人们喜欢知道如何做新事物。根据“people enjoy…(know) how to do something new.”可知，此处为固定短语enjoy doing sth“喜欢做某事”，应用动名词形式。故填knowing。 51．句意：当他们学习新技能时，他们感觉更好。根据“They feel better…they learn a new skill.”可知，此处应用when引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”。故填when。 52．句意：第三，有些人自己工作得更好。根据“some people work better by…(they).”可知，此处为固定短语by oneself“自己”，they的反身代词为themselves“他们自己”。故填themselves。 53．句意：他们可以看着自己制作的东西并高兴地说：“这都是我自己做的”。根据“and say…(happy),”可知，此处修饰动词say应用happy的副词形式happily，表示“高兴地”。故填happily。 54．句意：我的一个朋友几个月前买了一套旧房子。根据“a few months ago.”可知，时态为一般过去时，应用动词buy的过去式bought“买”。故填bought。 55．句意：他和妻子把每个房间的墙壁都粉刷了，现在他的房子看起来比以前更漂亮了。根据“than”可知，此处应用形容词beautiful的比较级more beautiful，表示“更漂亮的”。故填more beautiful。 56．句意：他去夜校学习如何修理汽车。根据“He went to night school to learn how…(fix) cars.”可知，此处为固定结构疑问词+动词不定式，因此此处应用动词fix的不定式。故填to fix。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $