2026年中考英语基础知识梳理：过去完成时

2026中考英语基础知识梳理：过去完成时 2026中考英语基础知识梳理：过去完成时 一、概念 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即 “过去的过去”。 二、结构 • 肯定式：主语 + had + 过去分词 • 否定式：主语 + had + not + 过去分词 • 一般疑问式：Had + 主语 + 过去分词？ 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + had. 否定回答：No, 主语 + hadn't. 三、时间标志词 by the time, by the end of, before, after, when, since, until, already, just, ever, yet 等（常与 “过去的时间点 / 动作” 搭配，体现 “过去的过去”）。 四、用法示例 （一）表示 “过去的过去” 的动作 1. He had finished his homework before his mother came back. （妈妈回来是 “过去动作”，“完成作业” 在其之前，即 “过去的过去”） 2. By the time we got to the cinema, the movie had already begun. （“到达影院” 是过去动作，“电影开始” 在其之前） （二）与 “宾语从句” 结合（主句为过去时，从句表 “过去的过去”） He said he had read the book twice. （“said” 是过去时，“读书” 在 “说” 之前） （三）特殊句式（hardly...when..., no sooner...than... 等） 1. Hardly had he entered the room when the meeting began. （“hardly...when...” 结构中，hardly 后用过去完成时，且常倒装） 2. No sooner had they left than it started to rain. 3. 五、练习题（结合常见考法） （一）用所给词的适当形式填空 1. When I arrived at the station, the train ______ (leave). 2. By the end of last month, she ______ (learn) 2,000 English words. 3. He told me he ______ (never visit) Beijing before. （二）单项选择 1. By the time Tom got up, his sister ______ to school. A. went B. has gone C. had gone D. will go 2. — Did you see Mr. Smith when you were in France? — No, when I ______ France, he had gone to China. A. reach B. reached C. have reached D. had reached 3. The meeting ______ for ten minutes when I arrived. A. has been on B. had been on C. was on D. is on （三）句型转换 1. He had finished his work before 5 p.m.（改为否定句） 2. They had sold out all the tickets by the end of the day.（改为一般疑问句） （四）翻译 1. 到去年年底，我们已经在这个城市住了十年。 3. 她来的时候，我已经把房间打扫干净了。 答案与解析 （一）用所给词的适当形式填空 1. had left 解析：“到达车站” 是过去动作，“火车离开” 在其之前（过去的过去），用过去完成时。 2. had learned 解析：“by the end of last month” 是 “过去的时间点”，“学单词” 在其之前完成，用过去完成时。 3. had never visited 解析：主句 “told” 是过去时，从句 “从未去过北京” 是 “过去的过去”，用过去完成时。 （二）单项选择 1. C 解析：“By the time Tom got up”（过去动作），“姐姐去学校” 在其之前，用过去完成时 “had gone”。 2. B 解析：“when” 引导的时间状语从句，“到达法国” 是过去动作，用一般过去时 “reached”；“他去中国” 在 “我到达” 之前（过去的过去），用过去完成时 “had gone”（题干已体现）。 3. B 解析：“when I arrived”（过去动作），“会议开始” 在其之前且持续了十分钟，用过去完成时 “had been on”（延续性动词短语）。 （三）句型转换 1. He hadn't finished his work before 5 p.m. 解析：过去完成时的否定式，在 “had” 后加 “not”，缩写为 “hadn't”。 2. Had they sold out all the tickets by the end of the day? 解析：过去完成时的一般疑问句，将 “Had” 提前。 （四）翻译 1. By the end of last year, we had lived in this city for ten years. 2. When she came, I had already cleaned the room. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $