2025年小升初英语之构词法课件

英语构词法 Words Building I dislike apples. We need to take action now. She is helpful to others. He is unhappy. My mother is a runner. 合成词(Compounding) homework=home+work bookstore=book=store football=foot+ball supermarket=super+market 加前缀： happy --- unhappy 加后缀： enjoy --- enjoyable 既加前缀又加后缀： health ---unhealthy 派生词（derivation） 常见词缀 前缀改变意思 re-（重新） rewrite, return, reuse dis-（不） disagree , dislike , disappear un-（不） unhappy, unlucky, unhealthy 常见的后缀改变词性 名词后缀 ： -er（人） -or（人） -ist（人） -ion（动作） -ness（状态） teacher, worker visitor, actor pianist, artist action, solution kindness, sadness 形容词后缀： -ous -ful -less -y -al dangerous, humorous helpful, careful careless, useless sunny windy natural national 副词词缀： -ly quickly, carefully, slowly 转化法（Conversion） taste n. 味道 v.尝起来 { It has a good taste. It tastes very good. record n.记录 v. 记录 { He broke the record. He likes to record something while reading a book. 构词法分类 合成：有两个或更多的词合成一个词 词缀：在词根上加上前、后缀 转化 ：将一种词性转化成另一种词性 class, room, invite, lock, every, day, river, side, lonely, up, stairs, hope, care, place, clean, walk What are the meanings of these Words? Classify:classroom, invitation, unlock, everyday, riverside, loneliness, upstairs, hopeful, careless, clean, walk, place 合成词(有两个或更多的词合成一个词): 派生词(在词根上加上前、后缀构成另外一个词): 转化词(将一种词性转化成另一种词性): classroom everyday riverside upstairs invitation unlock loneliness hopeful careless place clean walk 考点突破·考法探究 缩写和简写 缩写和简写(亦称为截断法、缩短法)可采用“截头”“去尾”“截头又去尾”“混成法”“拼缀法”和“首字母缩略法”等方法。 13 类型 方法 例子 截头 截去原词的开头部分词 airplane＝plane飞机　telephone＝phone电话 去尾 去掉原词的末尾部分词 taxicab→taxi出租车　examination→exam测试 截头又去尾 截去原词的开头和末尾的部分词 refrigerator→fridge 冰箱 混成法 保留原来两词各自的一部分 photo＋graphy→photography 摄影，摄影技术 拼缀法 由两个或两个以上的词混合或紧缩而成，只保留了原来几个词的部分 breakfast and lunch→brunch 早午餐 motorist's hotel→motel 汽车旅馆 news broadcast→newscast 新闻广播 首字母缩略法 由所含单词的首字母或多个字母组成 cm＝centimeter厘米　kg＝kilogram千克 km＝kilometer千米 2022版新课标 新增部分 CPC(Communist Party of China) 中国共产党 PLA(People's Liberation Army) 中国人民解放军 PRC(People's Republic of China) 中华人民共和国 UN(United Nations) 联合国 UNESCO(United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) 联合国教科文组织 WHO(World Health Organization) 世界卫生组织 WTO(World Trade Organization) 世界贸易组织 WWW(World Wide Web)万维网 WWF(World Wide Fund for Nature or World Wildlife Fund)世界自然基金会 BBC(British Broadcasting Corporation)英国广播公司 国家、重要组织机构名称缩写 直击中考 题型： 1. 用词的正确形式填空 2. 短文填空 用词的正确形式填空 94．Guangxi organized some ________ teams to leave for Wenchuan to help the people there （medicine） 87．—Are you Canadian? —No．I am ________．（ Australia） 93．—Who lives ________ from the school． Sam，Amy or Linda? —Linda．（far ） Australian farthest medicial 短文填空 Dolphins are 71.___________ (interest) animals and researchers find them smart to watch. They 72._________ (have) no hands，but can use tools to solve problems，just like us. There is no evidence that dolphins have a language of their own，but they can understand many sign 73._________(language). They can respond(反应) quite74._________ (correct) and quickly. Dolphins live in a very different world， but they are good at 75._________ (do) our “intelligent (智能的) tests”. interesting have languages correctly doing 分层训练·巩固提升 一、基础巩固 1．Which word is formed in the same way as “weekend”? A．unable B．invention C．helpless D．Noticeboard 2．Which of the following is NOT a compound word? A．helpless B．wartime C．hard-working D．Blackboard 3．Which of the following words has the same word formation as the word “snowstorm”? A．helpless B．incorrect C．government D．blackboard 4．Which of the following words is formed like “impossible”? A．reporter B．blackboard C．dishonest D．harmless 5．The word “________” is formed the same way as “impatient”. A．incorrect B．patiently C．humorous D．pancake 6．Which of the following suffixes can be used to make an adjective? A．-ment B．-tion C．-ness D．-less 19 分层训练·巩固提升 7．Which of the following suffixes（后缀）is the opposite of“-ful”? A．-able B．-ness C．-ous D．-less 8．“How much do you　　　?”means“What’s your　　　?” A．weigh;weigh B．weigh;weight C．weight;weight D．weight;weigh 9．—Is the library _______  now? —No, it usually _______ at 9 a.m. A．opens; opens B．open; open C．open; opens D．opens; open 10．“中华人民共和国” is “________” in English. A．PLA B．CCTV C．PRC D．UN 11．下列字母缩写与汉语相符的一组是 ________。 A．VR 世界卫生组织 B．PLA 中华人民共和国 C．UN 联合国 D．PRC 中国人民解放军 12．ATM的意思是________。 A．中国人民解放军 B．中华人民共和国 C．世界卫生组织 D．自动取款机 20 分层训练·巩固提升 二、能力提升 将下列缩略词与其对应的汉语意思连线。 1 PRC 2 VR 3 PLA 4 WHO 5 UN A．中国人民解放军 B．世界卫生组织 C． 联合国 D．中华人民共和国 E. 虚拟现实 1．D 2．E 3．A 4．B 5．C 【解析】 1． PRC是“the People’s Republic of China”的缩写，意思是“中华人民共和国”。故选D。 2．VR是“Virtual Reality”的缩写，意思是“虚拟现实”。故选E。 3．PLA是“People’s Liberation Army of China”的缩写，意思是“中国人民解放军”。故选A。 4． WHO是“World Health Organization”的缩写，意思是“世界卫生组织”。故选B。 5．UN是“the United Nations”的缩写，意思是“联合国”。故选C。 21  三、综合运用 阅读读句子，用所给单词的适当形式填空。 分层训练·巩固提升 1．I think it’s (possible) to finish the work in such a short time. 2．I (like) the movie. It’s so boring. 3．It is still a wonderful film and I recommend it. (strong) 4．There are lots of (travel) coming to our city. 5．Films are shown in the cinema, but you can also watch them at home on your TV or computer. (main) 6．Unluckily, he was told that the doors had been installed . (correct) 7．I sat on the grassland and watched the flying birds (close). 8．Smoking is (harm) not only to yourself but also to your family. impossible dislike strongly travelers/travellers mainly incorrectly closely harmful 22 9．Lu Xun is a great (write). 10．Students should do their homework . (careful) 11．Some people think pre-made food is (health). 12．My school life is so (colour). 13．Playing is an part of childhood(童年). It helps children stay active (活跃的). Most , it’s fun. (important) 14．Li Fei’ s mother is a nurse and his father is a (report). 15．High-speed trains are seen as one of the new Four Great (achieve) of China. 16．She talks (endless) about her problems and I am tired of it. 分层训练·巩固提升 writer carefully unhealthy colorful important importantly reporter achievements endlessly 23 $