精品解析：北京市门头区沟大峪中学2025-2026学年高三上学期开学英语试题

北京市大峪中学2025-2026学年度开学定位考 高三英语 2025.8 本试卷共11页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Making My Own Bicycle It was a Saturday morning. James and I were at the Bamboo Bicycle Club, ready for our bamboo bicycle building course. The first step was setting up the structure for holding the frame (骨架) in place. After that we were told to ___1___ the bamboo to be of use, which was a delicate job. There were several things to ___2___. Of course, finding pieces that were the color we wanted was just as important. The rest of the afternoon was spent ___3___ each piece of the frame into the structure. Bamboo is fairly flexible, and this particular ___4___ meant that some adjustments were really necessary. One problem lining up the two chains causes ___5___ made our frame useless. Luckily, however, after some careful ___6___, we confirmed that it was alright. There was just enough space to fit a wheel. On Sunday morning we returned to the workshop to complete the final ___7___. We began to tightly wrap each joint on the frame, to keep it ___8___ with natural fibers kept in special glue. All that was left now was for it to dry. In a few hours we would be official members of the Bamboo Bicycle Club. Finally we finished our job. I couldn’t wait to ___9___ our bicycle to find out what it was really like to ride a bamboo bicycle. It felt just as ____10____ as any bicycle, but softer and more relaxed. Now, every time I get on our bicycle, I can’t help smiling. It reminds me of when James and I built it and makes me proud of myself. 1. A. return B. cover C. deliver D. select 2. A. bring in B. watch for C. take over D. give away 3. A. fixing B. changing C. leaving D. mixing 4. A. angle B. position C. quality D. stage 5. A. only B. almost C. seldom D. still 6. A. checks B. requests C. preparations D. links 7. A. report B. command C. judgement D. process 8. A. smooth B. heavy C. firm D. slim 9. A. charge B. test C. seek D. equip 10. A. complicated B. accurate C. suitable D. capable 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A Once upon a time, in a small town lived a man who couldn’t see. Yet, he carried a lighted lamp with him whenever he went at night. One night, he came ____11____ a group of travelers. One of them asked him, “Hey, man! You can’t see anything! Why do you carry a lighted lamp then?” The blind man replied, “Yes, ____12____(unfortunate), I am blind but the lighted lamp I am carrying is for people like you who can see. You may not see me coming and end up knocking into me. That is ____13____ I carry a lighted lamp.” B In recent years, Chinese literature has gained more popularity worldwide. An increasing number of Chinese literary works ____14____ (translate) into multiple languages, including English, French, Japanese and Russian, and read by people from countries and regions ____15____ (involve) in the Belt and Road Initiative (倡议). Not only have the ____16____ (story) from China’s past made their way through time, but the beauty of the language has drawn the world’s attention. C Last July China’s manned submersible (载人潜艇) Fendouzhe ____17____ (dive) 10,909 meters deep in the Mariana Trench. This is the ____18____ (deep) diving record for a Chinese manned submersible. The pressure underwater is very strong, ____19____ is like an elephant standing on the tip of your finger. Fendouzhe can carry up to three people. The egg shape makes it easier for the scientists ____20____ (move) around and study the sea. 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 A You may have seen the term"bullet journal" floating around online, but what exactly is a bullet journal? This article will highlight the uses for a bullet journal and why they're great for people who wish to be more organized. What is a bullet journal? A bullet journal is a planner system which allows you to plan for the future, track the past and keep your life organized with lists separated by bullet points. It is a place for you to create clear, yet simple to-do lists and a place to keep a note of your life goals and aspirations. What does it help with? A bullet journal is perfect for people who like writing lists to keep themselves organized. They're great for doing as a hobby and you can get creative with the way you present your lists. They're also perfect for people who constantly write down to-do lists or make hand-written notes. Why is it important? A bullet journal is important because we all feel better when our life is organized. Organization can reduce stress and make you happier. Having your life in order, you will know exacdy what you have to do every day so that you can remember all of your life goals. How to create a bullet journal? The instructions will help you embark on your bullet journal. Step 1. Find or buy a blank notebook Any notebook with blank pages will do because if you are someone who is creative and artistic, you can decorate the notebook any way you like. Step 2 Find or buy pens It's best to start off simple and choose a pen that you find easy to use and that you would feel comfortable writing with every day. Step 3. Monthlies In this section, you can put a list of important dates for that particular month. Step 4. Dailies and Weeklies Put all of your daily or weekly tasks in this section so that you don't forget anything that you have to do during that day or week. Step 5. Life Goals Keep a life goals section. This can include different collections of goals, such as career, relationships, places you wish to visit and so on. Now start your bullet journal! 21 Bullet journals are intended for those who hope to _______. A. keep life in order B. lead a relaxing life C. highlight their progress D. reduce their workload 22. Keeping bullet journals helps people _______. A. develop artistic taste B. get rid of stress C. build a better mood D. give up a hobby 23. Which of the following is most likely to be included in a bullet journal? A. Weekly expenses. B. Appointments with a dentist. C. Weather forecasts. D. Passwords to your computer. B Recycling Electronic Waste When Alex Lin was 11 years old, he read an alarming article in the newspaper which said that people were burying old computers in backyards, throwing TVs into streams, and dumping (丢弃) cell phones in the garbage. This was dangerous because e-waste contains harmful chemicals that can leak into the environment, getting into crops, animals, water supplies—and people. Alex was really worried and decided to make it next project for WIN—the Westerly Innovations Network. Alex and six of his friends had formed this organization to help solve community problems two years before. But what could they do about this project with e-waste? The team spent several weeks gathering information about the harmful chemicals in e-waste and their effects on humans. They learned how to dispose (处置) of e-waste properly and how it could be recycled. Then, they sent out a survey and found only one in eight knew what e-waste was, let alone how to properly dispose of it. Alex and his friends went into action. They advertised in the local newspaper and distributed notices to students, asking residents to bring their unwanted electronics to the school parking lot. The drive lasted two days, and they collected over 9, 500 kilograms of e-waste. The next step was to set up a long-term e-waste drop-off center for the town. After some research, they’d learned that reusing is the best way to deal with electronic devices and it is seven times more efficient than recycling. So, they began learning to refurbish (翻新) computers themselves and distributed them to students who didn’t have their own. In this way, they could help students in the area and protect the environment at the same time. For a lasting solution to e-waste, the drop-off center wasn’t enough. Laws would have to be passed. In 2016, WIN helped push for an e-waste bill in their town, which required companies that manufactured or sold electronics to take back e-waste. The bill clearly forbids the dumping of e-waste. Because of the work of WIN, more and more people, like Alex and his team, are getting the message about safe disposal of e-waste. As Alex says, “Today’s technology should not become tomorrow’s harmful garbage.” 24. What was Alex’s worry after he read the article? A. The littering of e-waste. B. The recycling of plastic. C. The change of environment. D. The overuse of old computers. 25. What did Alex do to start the project? A Set up WIN. B. Collect information. C. Ask friends for help. D. Carry out a survey. 26. Which can best describe the way Alex and his team did their work? A. Traditional. B. Competitive. C. Scientific. D. Convenient. 27. What message does the story convey? A. There is no end to perfection. B. Success comes through failure. C Every positive attitude has a reward. D. Young people can make a big difference. C Creativity Improves Your Health Creativity helps us create works of beauty, solve problems, and refresh our bodies and our minds. It’s fun. When you are having fun, you are positively impacting your health. Studies show that engaging in creative behaviors improves brain function, mental health and physical health. You’ve probably heard of flow — it’s the state you get in when you’re completely absorbed in something. Have you ever been working on a project and completely lost all sense of self and time? That’s flow. It reduces anxiety, boosts your mood, and even slows your heart rate. It’s not just being in flow that makes you happy. Repetitive creative motions like knitting, drawing, or writing help activate flow, and are all tasks that create a result. When you succeed in creating a result, your brain is flooded with dopamine, a natural anti-depressant that actually helps motivate you, whether or not you’re aware of your increased happiness. Creativity is also an effective treatment for patients with dementia — a serious illness of the mind. Studies show that creative engagement not only reduces depression and isolation, but can also help people with dementia by sharpening their senses. The average person has about 60,000 thoughts in a day. A creative act such as crafting can help focus the mind, and has even been compared to meditation due to its calming effects on the brain and body. Even just gardening or sewing releases dopamine. Creativity reduces anxiety, depression and stress. Studies have found that writing helps people manage their negative emotions in a productive way, and painting or drawing helps people express their mental injury or hurtful experiences that they find too difficult to put into words. Studies show people who write about their experiences daily actually have stronger immune system function. Writing, a creative work, increases your CD4+ lymphocyte count, the key to your immune system. Playing music can also function well in your immune system. Studies show that our left brain is responsible for the motor functions, while our right brain focuses on melody. When the two parts work together, our cognitive function improves. It’s pretty amazing that doing the activities is good for us. Get a pen and start writing or coloring. Get your hands dirty with pottery or gardening or pick up an instrument. Whatever you decide to do, it’s time to start getting creative! 28. Which situation shows that you are in flow? A You are working with a difficult task. B. You are having a boring repetitive action. C. You get lost and don’t know where to go. D. You are absorbed in a work that interests you. 29. The underlined word “dopamine” in Paragraph 3 is probably ________. A. an awareness of how to be successful B. a thought having calming effects on the brain C. an activity to fight against your negative emotions D. a material for the functioning of the nervous system 30. What can we learn from the passage? A. Repetitive actions can cure patients with mental diseases. B. Creative activities help you build a stronger immune system. C. Meditation makes your anxiety, depression and stress disappear. D. Telling others your hurtful experiences helps improve your health. D Psychological science is full of interesting topics, many of which tell a coherent picture of human nature, but some of which create seemingly contradictory stories. A case in point is the tricky and misunderstood intersection between strength-based science and the research on narcissism (自恋). There is now convincing evidence to show that narcissism is on the rise, especially in our youth. Some researchers have gone so far as to say that it is occurring in epidemic proportions, with about 25% of young people showing symptoms of narcissism. The inflated ego of Generation Me is reflected in reality TV, celebrity worship, out-of-control consumerism, materialism...perhaps even a new type of president. We are correct to be concerned about this phenomenon but our fear that all kids are potential narcissists has caused an unhelpful counter-reaction to approaches that seek to make our children and teens feel good about themselves. In my own research on strength-based parenting it is common for people to wrongly label this approach as a recipe for self-entitlement. Their argument seems to be that a child who knows their strengths will automatically view themselves as better than everyone else. It is argued that the self-assurance that comes with identifying and using their positive qualities will make a child arrogant, selfish and uncaring. Genuine confidence about one’s strengths is categorized as over-confidence; desirable self-knowledge is branded as excessive self-admiration. Why does this occur? It’s partly because more is known about narcissism than strengths. While strengths psychology has largely stayed within the limit of academic journals or has been applied only within certain contexts such as the workplace, research on narcissism has made its way into the mass media and into our collective conscious. The New York Times noted that narcissism is a favored “go-to” topic and that people everywhere are diagnosing others with it. The fear that a strength-based approach will cause narcissism also occurs because we unwittingly fall prey to binary (非此即彼的) thinking. We mistakenly believe that one cannot be both confident and humble. We focus on Donald Trump and Kim Kardashian rather than Mahatma Gandhi and Mother Teresa. There’s no way that Gandhi and Mother Teresa could have achieved what they did without confidence in their strengths, and yet they are both pillars of humility and selflessness. When we assume that strength-focus is the same as a self-focus, we fail to entertain the idea that people who know their strengths are, actually, more likely to be pro-social and focus on helping others. It’s tempting to conclude that every young person is at risk of becoming a narcissist but I’d like to stand up for the thousands of young kids I have worked with who are caring, thoughtful and humble — even when they use their strengths. 31. What can we learn from the passage? A. Both strengths psychology and narcissism are difficult to understand. B. Approximately a quarter of kids are potential narcissists. C. Knowing the kids’ strengths has an opposite effect on making them feel good. D. An increasing number of youth are showing an inflated sense of self. 32. Why are teenagers’ strengths often mistaken for narcissism? A. Strengths psychology is less accessible to the general public. B. Academic journals and mass media report more on narcissism. C. There is a lack of strengths in our collective consciousness. D. A number of people are diagnosed with narcissism by doctors. 33. What’s the author’s attitude towards strength-based parenting? A. Skeptical. B. Neutral. C. Favorable. D. Cautious. 34. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A. A Recipe for Self-entitlement B. Teens’ Narcissism Diagnosis C. Binary Thinking of Psychological Science D. Teens’ Confidence Misunderstood 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。 People Who Can’t Count A recent study has discovered that dyscalculia, the mathematical inability in reading, affects about 5% of children in Britain. There is no simple way of finding out the reason and kids with this learning disability are usually labelled unintelligent. So what exactly is this learning disability in mathematics? Unlike most people, dyscalculics cannot recognise three or four objects. ____35____ For example, they need to count the books on the table before they can say how many there are. In other words, they have to count them one by one. This is where they are different from others. The majority of us, if shown three or four similar things, can immediately recognise them. ___36___ They cannot understand, for instance, why two and three makes five. Another problem is not being able to tell which group contains more objects than the other. Experiments have proved that dyscalculics have not developed the part of the brain responsible for processing numbers. There are also problems with the abstract concept of time for dyscalculics. ____37____ If your best friend is always late, he might be suffering from dyscalculia. Dyscalculics cannot keep track of time, and they never know how much time they have spent getting ready and how long it will take them to get to work. In addition, research has shown that dyscalculics behave oddly in social situations.____38____ This poor ability can explain why they never know how much change they are due or what kind of budget they need for their holiday. On the other hand, dyscalculics are very good at creative arts. People suffering from dyscalculia can become painters or poets. Dyscalculia does not seem to delay language acquisition. Dyscalculic children acquire language at the same time as, if not earlier than, most children and have no problem learning to read or write. ___39___ A. Dyscalculics have difficulties in using numbers at all. B. This disability scares children away from learning mathematics. C. They have to go through the routine of counting even a small number of objects. D. It is quite reasonable for dyscalculics to solve this kind of specific problem at any time. E. They never know how much they should tip the waiter or they’ve got left after a shopping trip. F. We can see that dyscalculia is only a learning disability, not a general indication of intelligence. G. This can account for their difficulty in reading schedules and remembering the order in which things have happened. 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节 阅读表达（共4小题；第40、41小题各2分，第42小题3分，第43小题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。 Judgement is a quality that is hard to define but important to possess. Sir Andrew Likierman of the London Business School suggests that judgment is “the combination of personal qualities with relevant knowledge and experience to form opinions and take decisions”. And he argues that, thus defined, judgment involves a process—taking in information, deciding whom and what to trust, summarizing one’s personal knowledge, checking any prior beliefs or feelings, summarizing the available choices and then making the decision. Expert knowledge can be useful in making judgments. But it is not the same thing. “Academics have expert knowledge,” Sir Andrew observes. “They don’t necessarily have judgment.” People with judgment know when they are out of their depth in making a decision and typically then seek the advice of someone who has the right background and knowledge. “While good judgment is important to success,” Sir Andrew cautions, “success is not a signal that there has been good judgment.” The degree of judgment required tends to increase as people take on more responsibility. Those with routine tasks generally have limited scope for judgment. Line supervisors have some discretion (自行决定权). For a chief executive, the proportion of decisions involving judgment is high. Deciding not to take action is also a judgment with potentially serious consequences (for example, “I won’t get vaccinated” or “I won’t pay my bills”). The world is full of people whose lack of judgment brought their careers or personal life crashing down. Many made the common mistake of assuming everything was fine. As artificial intelligence gets used for more and more routine tasks in the service sector, exercising judgment may be one area where humans retain an edge over machines. This is far from certain, however. With enough practice, machines may be able to recognize these implicit cues and thus display the equivalent of good judgment. But then, perhaps humans can be taught, too. In the long run, one of the trickiest aspects of human judgment may be knowing precisely when to let machines take decisions and when to leave it to people. 40. What’s Sir Andrew’s definition of judgement? 41. Why does Andrew say that expert knowledge is not the same as making judgements? 42. Please decide which part of the following statement is false, then underline it and explain why. Good judgement is important to success and a successful person definitely has good judgement. 43. Please list a factor except “judgement” that can lead to success and explain why. (about 40 words) 第二节（20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim听说外卖点餐(ordering meals online)在中国很流行，发来邮件询问相关信息。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括： 1. 你是否经常外卖点餐； 2. 你对外卖点餐的看法或感受。 注意： 1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 北京市大峪中学2025-2026学年度开学定位考 高三英语 2025.8 本试卷共11页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Making My Own Bicycle It was a Saturday morning. James and I were at the Bamboo Bicycle Club, ready for our bamboo bicycle building course. The first step was setting up the structure for holding the frame (骨架) in place. After that we were told to ___1___ the bamboo to be of use, which was a delicate job. There were several things to ___2___. Of course, finding pieces that were the color we wanted was just as important. The rest of the afternoon was spent ___3___ each piece of the frame into the structure. Bamboo is fairly flexible, and this particular ___4___ meant that some adjustments were really necessary. One problem lining up the two chains causes ___5___ made our frame useless. Luckily, however, after some careful ___6___, we confirmed that it was alright. There was just enough space to fit a wheel. On Sunday morning we returned to the workshop to complete the final ___7___. We began to tightly wrap each joint on the frame, to keep it ___8___ with natural fibers kept in special glue. All that was left now was for it to dry. In a few hours we would be official members of the Bamboo Bicycle Club. Finally we finished our job. I couldn’t wait to ___9___ our bicycle to find out what it was really like to ride a bamboo bicycle. It felt just as ____10____ as any bicycle, but softer and more relaxed. Now, every time I get on our bicycle, I can’t help smiling. It reminds me of when James and I built it and makes me proud of myself. 1. A. return B. cover C. deliver D. select 2. A. bring in B. watch for C. take over D. give away 3. A. fixing B. changing C. leaving D. mixing 4. A. angle B. position C. quality D. stage 5. A. only B. almost C. seldom D. still 6. A. checks B. requests C. preparations D. links 7. A. report B. command C. judgement D. process 8. A. smooth B. heavy C. firm D. slim 9. A. charge B. test C. seek D. equip 10. A. complicated B. accurate C. suitable D. capable 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. D 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。一个星期六的早晨，作者和詹姆斯在竹制自行车俱乐部，准备他们的竹制自行车建造课程。文章讲述了制作过程和感受。 【1题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那之后，我们被告知要挑选可用的竹子，这是一项精细的工作。A. return返回；B. cover覆盖；C. deliver递送；D. select挑选。根据“to be of use”可知，此处是指挑选出可用的竹子。故选D。 【2题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：有几件事需要注意。A. bring in引进；B. watch for注意；C. take over接管；D. give away赠送。根据“which was a delicate job”可知，因为这个工作很精细，所以有几件事需要注意。故选B。 【3题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：下午剩下的时间都用来固定框架的每一块到结构上。A. fixing固定；B. changing改变；C. leaving离开；D. mixing混合。根据“each piece of the frame”和“into the structure”可知，此处是指固定框架的每一块到结构上。故选A。 【4题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：竹子是相当灵活的，这种特殊的质量意味着一些调整是非常必要的。A. angle角度；B. position位置；C. quality质量；D. stage舞台。根据“Bamboo is fairly flexible”可知，this是指竹子的特质。故选C。 【5题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：连接这两条链子导致的一个问题几乎让我们的框架无用。A. only只有；B. almost几乎；C. seldom很少；D. still仍然。根据“Luckily”可知，最后问题解决了，所以是几乎让我们的框架无用。故选B。 【6题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：不过，幸运的是，经过一些仔细的检查，我们确认它没有问题。A. checks检查；B. requests要求；C. preparations准备；D. links连接。根据“confirmed”可知，此处是指通过仔细的检查确认没有问题。故选A。 【7题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：周日上午，我们回到车间完成最后的工序。A. report报告；B. command命令；C. judgement判断；D. process工艺流程。根据“we returned to the workshop”可知，此处是指完成最后的工序。故选D。 【8题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们开始把每个连接处都紧紧地包裹在框架上，用天然纤维和特殊胶水粘合牢固。A. smooth光滑的；B. heavy沉重的；C. firm牢固的；D. slim苗条的。根据“We began to tightly wrap each joint on the frame”可知，此处是指把它粘牢。故选C。 【9题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我迫不及待地想试试我们的自行车，看看骑一辆竹制自行车到底是什么感觉。A. charge充电；B. test测试；C. seek寻找；D. equip配备。根据“to find out what it was really like to ride a bamboo bicycle”可知，此处是指试试自行车。故选B。 【10题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它感觉和任何自行车一样好用，但更柔软、更放松。A. complicated复杂的；B. accurate精确的；C. suitable适合的；D. capable有能力的。根据“as any bicycle”可知，这辆自行车虽然是竹子做的，但是和其它自行车一样好用。故选D。 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A Once upon a time, in a small town lived a man who couldn’t see. Yet, he carried a lighted lamp with him whenever he went at night. One night, he came ____11____ a group of travelers. One of them asked him, “Hey, man! You can’t see anything! Why do you carry a lighted lamp then?” The blind man replied, “Yes, ____12____(unfortunate), I am blind but the lighted lamp I am carrying is for people like you who can see. You may not see me coming and end up knocking into me. That is ____13____ I carry a lighted lamp.” 【答案】11. across 12. unfortunately 13. why 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个盲人在晚上出行时总是带着一盏点亮的灯，当被问到原因时，他说这盏灯是为了让能看见的人不撞到他。 【11题详解】 考查介词。句意：一天晚上，他遇到了一群旅行者。come across是固定短语，意为“偶然遇到”。故填across。 【12题详解】 考查副词。句意：是的，不幸的是，我是盲人，但我拿着的这盏点燃的灯是为像你这样能看见的人准备的。提示词修饰整个句子，应用副词unfortunately作状语，意为“不幸的是”。故填unfortunately。 【13题详解】 考查表语从句。句意：这就是我为什么带一盏点亮的灯。“That is...”后接表语从句，从句中缺少原因状语，应用连接副词why引导从句。故填why。 B In recent years, Chinese literature has gained more popularity worldwide. An increasing number of Chinese literary works ____14____ (translate) into multiple languages, including English, French, Japanese and Russian, and read by people from countries and regions ____15____ (involve) in the Belt and Road Initiative (倡议). Not only have the ____16____ (story) from China’s past made their way through time, but the beauty of the language has drawn the world’s attention. 【答案】14. have been translated 15. involved 16. stories 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了近年来中国文学在世界范围内越来越受欢迎，中国文学作品被翻译成多种语言，中国过去的故事和语言的美丽吸引了世界的关注。 【14题详解】 考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：越来越多的中国文学作品被翻译成多种语言，包括英语、法语、日语和俄语，被“一带一路”倡议涉及的国家和地区的人们阅读。translate(翻译)是谓语动词，与主语“An increasing number of Chinese literary works”之间是被动关系，结合前文时间状语“In recent years”可知，描述过去持续到现在的情况，应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语是复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。故填have been translated。 【15题详解】 考查形容词。句意：越来越多的中国文学作品被翻译成多种语言，包括英语、法语、日语和俄语，被“一带一路”倡议涉及的国家和地区的人们阅读。“(involve) in the Belt and Road Initiative (倡议)”修饰名词“countries and regions”，用形容词involved作后置定语，其意为“参与……的；作为……一部分的”，常与介词in搭配。故填involved。 【16题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：不仅中国历史上的故事穿越时空流传至今，其语言之美也吸引了全世界的目光。可数名词story(故事)作主语，结合语境和常识以及助动词have可知，“中国历史上的故事”有很多，应用复数形式。故填stories。 C Last July China’s manned submersible (载人潜艇) Fendouzhe ____17____ (dive) 10,909 meters deep in the Mariana Trench. This is the ____18____ (deep) diving record for a Chinese manned submersible. The pressure underwater is very strong, ____19____ is like an elephant standing on the tip of your finger. Fendouzhe can carry up to three people. The egg shape makes it easier for the scientists ____20____ (move) around and study the sea. 【答案】17 dived 18. deepest 19. which 20. to move 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国载人潜水器“奋斗者”号在马里亚纳海沟创下的深潜纪录及其设计特点。 【17题详解】 考查时态。句意：去年7月，中国载人潜水器“奋斗者”号在马里亚纳海沟下潜10909米。dive(下潜，下潜)作谓语，与主语“Fendouzhe”之间是主动关系，根据时间状语“Last July”可知，事情发生在过去，用一般过去时态。故填dived。 【18题详解】 考查形容词最高级。句意：这是中国载人潜水器最深的潜水纪录。形容词deep作定语，结合句意和定冠词“the”可知，表示“最深的潜水纪录”，用deepest构成最高级the deepest。故填deepest。 【19题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：水下的压力非常大，就像一头大象站在你的指尖上。“ is like an elephant standing on the tip of your finger”非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“The pressure”，代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。 【20题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这种蛋形设计使科学家们更容易四处移动和研究海洋。“make it+形容词+for sb. to do sth.”是固定结构，其中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语，故用不定式to move作宾语。故填to move。 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 A You may have seen the term"bullet journal" floating around online, but what exactly is a bullet journal? This article will highlight the uses for a bullet journal and why they're great for people who wish to be more organized. What is a bullet journal? A bullet journal is a planner system which allows you to plan for the future, track the past and keep your life organized with lists separated by bullet points. It is a place for you to create clear, yet simple to-do lists and a place to keep a note of your life goals and aspirations. What does it help with? A bullet journal is perfect for people who like writing lists to keep themselves organized. They're great for doing as a hobby and you can get creative with the way you present your lists. They're also perfect for people who constantly write down to-do lists or make hand-written notes. Why is it important? A bullet journal is important because we all feel better when our life is organized. Organization can reduce stress and make you happier. Having your life in order, you will know exacdy what you have to do every day so that you can remember all of your life goals. How to create a bullet journal? The instructions will help you embark on your bullet journal. Step 1. Find or buy a blank notebook Any notebook with blank pages will do because if you are someone who is creative and artistic, you can decorate the notebook any way you like. Step 2. Find or buy pens It's best to start off simple and choose a pen that you find easy to use and that you would feel comfortable writing with every day. Step 3. Monthlies In this section, you can put a list of important dates for that particular month. Step 4. Dailies and Weeklies Put all of your daily or weekly tasks in this section so that you don't forget anything that you have to do during that day or week. Step 5. Life Goals Keep a life goals section. This can include different collections of goals such as career, relationships, places you wish to visit and so on. Now start your bullet journal! 21. Bullet journals are intended for those who hope to _______. A. keep life in order B. lead a relaxing life C. highlight their progress D. reduce their workload 22. Keeping bullet journals helps people _______. A. develop artistic taste B. get rid of stress C. build a better mood D. give up a hobby 23. Which of the following is most likely to be included in a bullet journal? A. Weekly expenses. B. Appointments with a dentist. C. Weather forecasts. D. Passwords to your computer. 【答案】21. A 22. C 23. B 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。这篇文章将强调子弹日记的用途，以及为什么它对那些希望更有条理的人很有用。 【21题详解】 推理判断题。根据What is a bullet journal?中A bullet journal is a planner system which allows you to plan for the future, track the past and keep your life organized with lists separated by bullet points. It is a place for you to create clear, yet simple to-do lists and a place to keep a note of your life goals and aspirations.“项目日志是一种计划系统，它可以让你计划未来，跟踪过去，让你的生活井然有序。这是一个让你创建清晰而简单的任务清单的地方，也是一个记录你的生活目标和愿望的地方。”由此可知，Bullet日记是为那些希望生活有秩序的人准备的。故选A。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据Why is it important?中的A bullet journal is important because we all feel better when our life is organized. Organization can reduce stress and make you happier.“一个Bullet日记很重要，因为当我们的生活井然有序时，我们都会感觉更好。井井有条可以减少压力，让你更快乐。”由此可知，坚持写Bullet日记可以帮助人们建立一个更好的心情。故选C。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。根据Step 5. Life Goals中Keep a life goals section. This can include different collections of goals, such as career, relationships, places you wish to visit and so on.“保留生活目标部分。这可以包括不同的目标集合，比如职业、人际关系、你想去的地方等等。”由此可知，与牙医的约会最有可能包含在Bullet日记里。故选B。 B Recycling Electronic Waste When Alex Lin was 11 years old, he read an alarming article in the newspaper which said that people were burying old computers in backyards, throwing TVs into streams, and dumping (丢弃) cell phones in the garbage. This was dangerous because e-waste contains harmful chemicals that can leak into the environment, getting into crops, animals, water supplies—and people. Alex was really worried and decided to make it next project for WIN—the Westerly Innovations Network. Alex and six of his friends had formed this organization to help solve community problems two years before. But what could they do about this project with e-waste? The team spent several weeks gathering information about the harmful chemicals in e-waste and their effects on humans. They learned how to dispose (处置) of e-waste properly and how it could be recycled. Then, they sent out a survey and found only one in eight knew what e-waste was, let alone how to properly dispose of it. Alex and his friends went into action. They advertised in the local newspaper and distributed notices to students, asking residents to bring their unwanted electronics to the school parking lot. The drive lasted two days, and they collected over 9, 500 kilograms of e-waste. The next step was to set up a long-term e-waste drop-off center for the town. After some research, they’d learned that reusing is the best way to deal with electronic devices and it is seven times more efficient than recycling. So, they began learning to refurbish (翻新) computers themselves and distributed them to students who didn’t have their own. In this way, they could help students in the area and protect the environment at the same time. For a lasting solution to e-waste, the drop-off center wasn’t enough. Laws would have to be passed. In 2016, WIN helped push for an e-waste bill in their town, which required companies that manufactured or sold electronics to take back e-waste. The bill clearly forbids the dumping of e-waste. Because of the work of WIN, more and more people, like Alex and his team, are getting the message about safe disposal of e-waste. As Alex says, “Today’s technology should not become tomorrow’s harmful garbage.” 24. What was Alex’s worry after he read the article? A. The littering of e-waste. B. The recycling of plastic. C. The change of environment. D. The overuse of old computers. 25. What did Alex do to start the project? A. Set up WIN. B. Collect information. C. Ask friends for help. D. Carry out a survey. 26. Which can best describe the way Alex and his team did their work? A. Traditional. B. Competitive. C. Scientific. D. Convenient. 27. What message does the story convey? A. There is no end to perfection. B. Success comes through failure. C. Every positive attitude has a reward. D. Young people can make a big difference. 【答案】24. A 25. B 26. C 27. D 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了几个十几岁的年轻人为了避免电子垃圾对环境造成的影响，想办法循环利用电子垃圾的事情。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容“When Alex Lin was 11 years old, he read an alarming article in the newspaper which said that people were burying old computers in backyards, throwing TVs into streams, and dumping (丢弃) cell phones in the garbage. This was dangerous because e-waste contains harmful chemicals that can leak into the environment, getting into crops, animals, water supplies—and people.”（当Alex Lin 11岁时，他在报纸上读到一篇令人震惊的文章，人们把旧电脑埋在后院，把电视扔到河里，把手机扔到垃圾堆里。这是危险的，因为电子垃圾中含有有害的化学物质，可能会泄漏到环境中，进入农作物、动物、水源和人类。）和第二段第一句话“Alex was really worried”（Alex真的很担心）可知，Alex看到报纸上的文章，得知随意丢弃电子垃圾是危险的，会危害环境、农作物、动物、水源和人类，这让他很担心。由此可知，Alex看完这篇文章后担心的是乱扔电子垃圾的现象。故选A项。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段关键句“But what could they do about this project with e-waste? The team spent several weeks gathering information about the harmful chemicals in e-waste and their effects on humans.”（但是他们能对这个电子垃圾项目做些什么呢？小组花了几周时间收集有关电子垃圾中有害化学物质及其对人类影响的信息。）可知，为了开展这个项目，小组首先花了几周时间收集有关电子垃圾中有害化学物质及其对人类影响的信息。由此可知，Alex通过收集信息的方式来开始这个项目。故选B项。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段关键句“But what could they do about this project with e-waste? The team spent several weeks gathering information about the harmful chemicals in e-waste and their effects on humans.”（但是他们能对这个电子垃圾项目做些什么呢？小组花了几周时间收集有关电子垃圾中有害化学物质及其对人类影响的信息。）、第四段关键句“Alex and his friends went into action. They advertised in the local newspaper and distributed notices to students, asking residents to bring their unwanted electronics to the school parking lot.”（Alex和他的朋友们开始行动了。他们在当地报纸上登广告，向学生们分发通知，要求居民们把不需要的电子产品带到学校停车场。）和第五段关键句“The next step was to set up a long-term e-waste drop-off center for the town.”（下一步是为该镇建立一个长期的电子垃圾投放中心。）可知，Alex和他的朋友们为了开展这个项目，首先收集信息，然后通过登报和分发通知等方式进行宣传，接下来建立一个长期的电子垃圾投放中心，这种做法是科学的，再结合最后一段关键句“Because of the work of WIN, more and more people, like Alex and his team, are getting the message about safe disposal of e-waste.”（由于WIN的工作，越来越多的人，像Alex和他的团队一样，正在得到关于安全处理电子垃圾的信息。）可知，他们的工作获得了成功。由此可推断出，Alex和他的团队的工作方式是科学的。故选C项。 【27题详解】 主旨大意题。分析文章内容，结合最后一段关键句“Because of the work of WIN, more and more people, like Alex and his team, are getting the message about safe disposal of e-waste.”（由于WIN的工作，越来越多的人，像Alex和他的团队一样，正在得到关于安全处理电子垃圾的信息。）可知，文章主要讲述了几个十几岁的年轻人为了避免电子垃圾对环境造成的影响，想办法循环利用电子垃圾的事情，并最终获得了成功，越来越多的人知道了关于安全处理电子垃圾的信息。“Young people can make a big difference.”意为“年轻人可以有所作为。”能够概括这个故事传达的信息。故选D项。 C Creativity Improves Your Health Creativity helps us create works of beauty, solve problems, and refresh our bodies and our minds. It’s fun. When you are having fun, you are positively impacting your health. Studies show that engaging in creative behaviors improves brain function, mental health and physical health. You’ve probably heard of flow — it’s the state you get in when you’re completely absorbed in something. Have you ever been working on a project and completely lost all sense of self and time? That’s flow. It reduces anxiety, boosts your mood, and even slows your heart rate. It’s not just being in flow that makes you happy. Repetitive creative motions like knitting, drawing, or writing help activate flow, and are all tasks that create a result. When you succeed in creating a result, your brain is flooded with dopamine, a natural anti-depressant that actually helps motivate you, whether or not you’re aware of your increased happiness. Creativity is also an effective treatment for patients with dementia — a serious illness of the mind. Studies show that creative engagement not only reduces depression and isolation, but can also help people with dementia by sharpening their senses. The average person has about 60,000 thoughts in a day. A creative act such as crafting can help focus the mind, and has even been compared to meditation due to its calming effects on the brain and body. Even just gardening or sewing releases dopamine. Creativity reduces anxiety, depression and stress. Studies have found that writing helps people manage their negative emotions in a productive way, and painting or drawing helps people express their mental injury or hurtful experiences that they find too difficult to put into words. Studies show people who write about their experiences daily actually have stronger immune system function. Writing, a creative work, increases your CD4+ lymphocyte count, the key to your immune system. Playing music can also function well in your immune system. Studies show that our left brain is responsible for the motor functions, while our right brain focuses on melody. When the two parts work together, our cognitive function improves. It’s pretty amazing that doing the activities is good for us. Get a pen and start writing or coloring. Get your hands dirty with pottery or gardening or pick up an instrument. Whatever you decide to do, it’s time to start getting creative! 28. Which situation shows that you are in flow? A. You are working with a difficult task. B. You are having a boring repetitive action. C. You get lost and don’t know where to go. D. You are absorbed in a work that interests you. 29. The underlined word “dopamine” in Paragraph 3 is probably ________. A. an awareness of how to be successful B. a thought having calming effects on the brain C. an activity to fight against your negative emotions D. a material for the functioning of the nervous system 30. What can we learn from the passage? A. Repetitive actions can cure patients with mental diseases. B. Creative activities help you build a stronger immune system. C. Meditation makes your anxiety, depression and stress disappear. D. Telling others your hurtful experiences helps improve your health. 【答案】28. D 29. D 30. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究表明，从事创造性行为可以改善大脑功能、心理健康和身体健康。文章主要说明了创造力的重要作用以及对人的影响。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“You’ve probably heard of flow — it’s the state you get in when you’re completely absorbed in something. Have you ever been working on a project and completely lost all sense of self and time? That’s flow.(你可能听说过“心流”——是指你完全专注于某件事时的状态。你是否曾经在做一个项目的时候完全失去了自我意识和时间感？那就是心流)”可知，你沉浸在你感兴趣的工作中表明你处于心流状态。故选D。 【29题详解】 词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“a natural anti-depressant that actually helps motivate you, whether or not you’re aware of your increased happiness”可知，dopamine是一种天然的抗抑郁剂，实际上有助于激励你，不管你是否意识到自己增加了幸福感。故画线词意思可能是“一种神经系统功能的物质”。故选D。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Studies show people who write about their experiences daily actually have stronger immune system function. Writing, a creative work, increases your CD4+ lymphocyte count, the key to your immune system.(研究表明，每天写下自己经历的人实际上有更强的免疫系统功能。写作，一项创造性的工作，可以增加你的CD4+淋巴细胞数量，这是你免疫系统的关键)”可知，创造性活动如写作能增强免疫系统。故选B。 D Psychological science is full of interesting topics, many of which tell a coherent picture of human nature, but some of which create seemingly contradictory stories. A case in point is the tricky and misunderstood intersection between strength-based science and the research on narcissism (自恋). There is now convincing evidence to show that narcissism is on the rise especially in our youth. Some researchers have gone so far as to say that it is occurring in epidemic proportions, with about 25% of young people showing symptoms of narcissism. The inflated ego of Generation Me is reflected in reality TV, celebrity worship, out-of-control consumerism, materialism...perhaps even a new type of president. We are correct to be concerned about this phenomenon but our fear that all kids are potential narcissists has caused an unhelpful counter-reaction to approaches that seek to make our children and teens feel good about themselves. In my own research on strength-based parenting it is common for people to wrongly label this approach as a recipe for self-entitlement. Their argument seems to be that a child who knows their strengths will automatically view themselves as better than everyone else. It is argued that the self-assurance that comes with identifying and using their positive qualities will make a child arrogant, selfish and uncaring. Genuine confidence about one’s strengths is categorized as over-confidence; desirable self-knowledge is branded as excessive self-admiration. Why does this occur? It’s partly because more is known about narcissism than strengths. While strengths psychology has largely stayed within the limit of academic journals or has been applied only within certain contexts such as the workplace, research on narcissism has made its way into the mass media and into our collective conscious. The New York Times noted that narcissism is a favored “go-to” topic and that people everywhere are diagnosing others with it. The fear that a strength-based approach will cause narcissism also occurs because we unwittingly fall prey to binary (非此即彼的) thinking. We mistakenly believe that one cannot be both confident and humble. We focus on Donald Trump and Kim Kardashian rather than Mahatma Gandhi and Mother Teresa. There’s no way that Gandhi and Mother Teresa could have achieved what they did without confidence in their strengths, and yet they are both pillars of humility and selflessness. When we assume that strength-focus is the same as a self-focus, we fail to entertain the idea that people who know their strengths are, actually, more likely to be pro-social and focus on helping others. It’s tempting to conclude that every young person is at risk of becoming a narcissist but I’d like to stand up for the thousands of young kids I have worked with who are caring, thoughtful and humble — even when they use their strengths. 31. What can we learn from the passage? A. Both strengths psychology and narcissism are difficult to understand. B. Approximately a quarter of kids are potential narcissists. C. Knowing the kids’ strengths has an opposite effect on making them feel good. D. An increasing number of youth are showing an inflated sense of self. 32. Why are teenagers’ strengths often mistaken for narcissism? A. Strengths psychology is less accessible to the general public. B. Academic journals and mass media report more on narcissism. C. There is a lack of strengths in our collective consciousness. D. A number of people are diagnosed with narcissism by doctors. 33. What’s the author’s attitude towards strength-based parenting? A. Skeptical. B. Neutral. C. Favorable. D. Cautious. 34. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A. A Recipe for Self-entitlement B. Teens’ Narcissism Diagnosis C. Binary Thinking of Psychological Science D. Teens’ Confidence Misunderstood 【答案】31. D 32. A 33. C 34. D 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇议论文。文章主要论述了一直以来，人们对个人长处和自恋两者之间认识不足导致了对青少年的自信产生误解这一观点。作者认为，以突出孩子们长处为基础的育儿方式是有益的。 【31题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段关键句“There is now convincing evidence to show that narcissism is on the rise, especially in our youth. (现在有令人信服的证据表明，自恋正在上升，特别是在我们的年轻人当中)”及“The inflated ego of Generation Me is reflected in reality TV, celebrity worship, out-of-control consumerism, materialism...perhaps even a new type of president. (“我这一代”膨胀的自我表现在真人秀、名人崇拜、失控的消费主义、物质主义，甚至可能是一个新型的总统等方面)”可知，越来越多的年轻人表现出自我膨胀的感觉。故选D项。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段内容及第五段关键句“It’s partly because more is known about narcissism than strengths.While strengths psychology has largely stayed within the limit of academic journals or has been applied only within certain contexts such as the workplace, research on narcissism has made its way into the mass media and into our collective conscious.(这在一定程度上是因为人们对自恋的了解超过了对优势的了解。虽然优势心理学在很大程度上还停留在学术期刊的范围内，或者只应用于特定的环境，如工作场所，但对自恋的研究已经进入了大众媒体和我们的集体意识)”可知，青少年的优点经常被认为是自恋是由于大众对于优势心理学有较少接触。故选A项。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段关键句“In my own research on strength-based parenting it is common for people to wrongly label this approach as a recipe for self-entitlement. (在我自己关于以力量为基础的育儿方式的研究中，人们通常错误地将这种方式称为自我授权的秘诀)”及最后一段关键句“but I’d like to stand up for the thousands of young kids I have worked with who are caring, thoughtful and humble — even when they use their strengths. (但我想为成千上万和我一起工作过的孩子们说话，他们有爱心、有思想、谦逊——即使当他们发挥自己的长处时)”可推知，作者对以长处为基础的育儿方式持赞成态度。故选C项。 【34题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段关键句“A case in point is the tricky and misunderstood intersection between strength-based science and the research on narcissism. (一个恰当的例子是基于优势的科学和对自恋的研究之间棘手而又被误解的交叉)”及最后一段“It’s tempting to conclude that every young person is at risk of becoming a narcissist but I’d like to stand up for the thousands of young kids I have worked with who are caring, thoughtful and humble — even when they use their strengths.(我们很容易得出这样的结论：每个年轻人都有成为自恋者的风险，但我想为我工作过的成千上万的孩子们说话，他们是有爱心的、有思想的、谦逊的——即使当他们发挥自己的长处时)”可知，本文主要论述了一直以来，人们对个人长处和自恋两者之间认识不足导致了对青少年的自信产生误解这一观点。D选项“Teens’ Confidence Misunderstood(青少年的自信被误解)”适合作为本文最佳标题。故选D项。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。 People Who Can’t Count A recent study has discovered that dyscalculia, the mathematical inability in reading, affects about 5% of children in Britain. There is no simple way of finding out the reason and kids with this learning disability are usually labelled unintelligent. So what exactly is this learning disability in mathematics? Unlike most people, dyscalculics cannot recognise three or four objects. ____35____ For example, they need to count the books on the table before they can say how many there are. In other words, they have to count them one by one. This is where they are different from others. The majority of us, if shown three or four similar things, can immediately recognise them. ___36___ They cannot understand, for instance, why two and three makes five. Another problem is not being able to tell which group contains more objects than the other. Experiments have proved that dyscalculics have not developed the part of the brain responsible for processing numbers. There are also problems with the abstract concept of time for dyscalculics. ____37____ If your best friend is always late, he might be suffering from dyscalculia. Dyscalculics cannot keep track of time, and they never know how much time they have spent getting ready and how long it will take them to get to work. In addition, research has shown that dyscalculics behave oddly in social situations.____38____ This poor ability can explain why they never know how much change they are due or what kind of budget they need for their holiday. On the other hand, dyscalculics are very good at creative arts. People suffering from dyscalculia can become painters or poets. Dyscalculia does not seem to delay language acquisition. Dyscalculic children acquire language at the same time as, if not earlier than, most children and have no problem learning to read or write. ___39___ A. Dyscalculics have difficulties in using numbers at all. B. This disability scares children away from learning mathematics. C. They have to go through the routine of counting even a small number of objects. D. It is quite reasonable for dyscalculics to solve this kind of specific problem at any time. E. They never know how much they should tip the waiter or they’ve got left after a shopping trip. F. We can see that dyscalculia is only a learning disability, not a general indication of intelligence. G. This can account for their difficulty in reading schedules and remembering the order in which things have happened. 【答案】35. C 36. A 37. G 38. E 39. F 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章对计算障碍患者的特征进行了介绍，并表明这只是一种学习障碍，而不是智力的普遍表现。 【35题详解】 根据后文“For example, they need to count the books on the table before they can say how many there are. (例如，他们需要数桌子上的书，然后才能说出有多少)”可知，此处是指即使数量很少他们也必须数过才知道，所以选项C(他们必须通过例行的计算，即使是少量的对象。)切合文意。故选C。 【36题详解】 根据后文“They cannot understand, for instance, why two and three makes five. (例如，他们无法理解为什么二加三等于五)”可知，此处是指计算障碍患者在计算方面有困难，所以选项A(计算障碍患者在使用数字方面有困难)切合文意。故选A。 【37题详解】 根据前文“There are also problems with the abstract concept of time for dyscalculics. (对于计算障碍来说，时间的抽象概念也存在问题)”可知，因为时间的抽象概念也存在问题，所以他们阅读日程安排和记住时间的发展顺序有困难。所以选项G(这可以解释为什么他们很难阅读时间表和记住事情发生的顺序)切合文意。故选G。 【38题详解】 前文“In addition, research has shown that dyscalculics behave oddly in social situations. (此外，研究表明，计算障碍患者在社交场合会表现得很奇怪)”对应选项E中的“They never know how much they should tip the waiter(他们从来不知道应该给服务员多少小费)”，后文“This poor ability can explain why they never know how much change they are due or what kind of budget they need for their holiday.(这种差劲的能力可以解释为什么他们永远不知道他们该付多少零钱，或者他们的假期需要什么样的预算)”与选项E中的“they’ve got left after a shopping trip(他们在购物后剩下多少钱)”相对应，所以选项E(他们永远不知道应该给服务员多少小费，也不知道购物后还剩下多少钱)切合文意。故选E。 【39题详解】 根据前文“On the other hand, dyscalculics are very good at creative arts. People suffering from dyscalculia can become painters or poets. Dyscalculia does not seem to delay language acquisition. (另一方面，计算障碍患者擅长创造性艺术。患有计算障碍人可以成为画家或诗人。计算障碍似乎不会延迟语言习得)”可知，计算障碍并不意味着智力低下。所以选项F(我们可以看到，计算障碍只是一种学习障碍，而不是智力的普遍表现)切合文意。故选F。 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节 阅读表达（共4小题；第40、41小题各2分，第42小题3分，第43小题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。 Judgement is a quality that is hard to define but important to possess. Sir Andrew Likierman of the London Business School suggests that judgment is “the combination of personal qualities with relevant knowledge and experience to form opinions and take decisions”. And he argues that thus defined, judgment involves a process—taking in information, deciding whom and what to trust, summarizing one’s personal knowledge, checking any prior beliefs or feelings, summarizing the available choices and then making the decision. Expert knowledge can be useful in making judgments. But it is not the same thing. “Academics have expert knowledge,” Sir Andrew observes. “They don’t necessarily have judgment.” People with judgment know when they are out of their depth in making a decision and typically then seek the advice of someone who has the right background and knowledge. “While good judgment is important to success,” Sir Andrew cautions, “success is not a signal that there has been good judgment.” The degree of judgment required tends to increase as people take on more responsibility. Those with routine tasks generally have limited scope for judgment. Line supervisors have some discretion (自行决定权). For a chief executive, the proportion of decisions involving judgment is high. Deciding not to take action is also a judgment with potentially serious consequences (for example, “I won’t get vaccinated” or “I won’t pay my bills”). The world is full of people whose lack of judgment brought their careers or personal life crashing down. Many made the common mistake of assuming everything was fine. As artificial intelligence gets used for more and more routine tasks in the service sector, exercising judgment may be one area where humans retain an edge over machines. This is far from certain, however. With enough practice, machines may be able to recognize these implicit cues and thus display the equivalent of good judgment. But then, perhaps humans can be taught, too. In the long run, one of the trickiest aspects of human judgment may be knowing precisely when to let machines take decisions and when to leave it to people. 40. What’s Sir Andrew’s definition of judgement? 41. Why does Andrew say that expert knowledge is not the same as making judgements? 42. Please decide which part of the following statement is false, then underline it and explain why. Good judgement is important to success and a successful person definitely has good judgement. 43. Please list a factor except “judgement” that can lead to success and explain why. (about 40 words) 【答案】40. He defines judgment as the combination of personal qualities with relevant knowledge and experience to form opinions and take decisions. 41. Because some people may have expert knowledge, but they don’t necessarily have judgment. 42. Good judgement is important to success and a successful person definitely has good judgement. According to the passage, success is not a signal that there has been good judgment. 43. 略 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了判断对于成功的重要性。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第一段“Sir Andrew Likierman of the London Business School suggests that judgment is “the combination of personal qualities with relevant knowledge and experience to form opinions and take decisions”.（伦敦商学院的Andrew Likierman爵士认为，判断力是“个人素质与相关知识和经验的结合，以形成意见和作出决定”。）”可知，安德鲁爵士对判断的定义是他将判断定义为个人素质与相关知识和经验的结合，以形成意见和作出决定。故答案为He defines judgment as the combination of personal qualities with relevant knowledge and experience to form opinions and take decisions. 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段““Academics have expert knowledge,” Sir Andrew observes. “They don’t necessarily have judgment.”（“学者拥有专业知识，”安德鲁爵士说。“他们不一定有判断力。”）”可知，安德鲁说专业知识和判断是不一样的是因为有些人可能有专业知识，但他们不一定有判断力。故答案为Because some people may have expert knowledge, but they don’t necessarily have judgment. 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段““While good judgment is important to success,” Sir Andrew cautions, “success is not a signal that there has been good judgment.”（“虽然良好的判断力对成功很重要，”安德鲁爵士警告说，“成功不是一个有良好判断力的信号。”）”可知，成功不是有良好判断的信号。故答案为Good judgement is important to success and a successful person definitely has good judgement. According to the passage, success is not a signal that there has been good judgment. 【43题详解】 开放题。列出除“判断”之外的一个能导致成功的因素，并解释原因。例如态度，性格，情商等，言之有理即可。 第二节（20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim听说外卖点餐(ordering meals online)在中国很流行，发来邮件询问相关信息。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括： 1. 你是否经常外卖点餐； 2. 你对外卖点餐的看法或感受。 注意： 1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, I’m glad to hear from you. Regarding your question about ordering meals online in China, I don’t often order takeout. I think it has both advantages and disadvantages. On the one hand, it’s very convenient, especially when I’m busy or don’t want to cook. It saves time and effort. On the other hand, the quality of the food may not always be guaranteed, and sometimes the packaging can cause environmental pollution. However, overall, it’s a popular way of dining in China. Looking forward to hearing from you again. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生回复英国好友Jim关于外卖点餐在中国流行情况的询问，包括自己是否经常外卖点餐以及对外卖点餐的看法或感受。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 高兴的：glad → happy/pleased 方便的：convenient → handy 保证：guarantee → ensure 造成：cause → lead to 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Regarding your question about ordering meals online in China, I don’t often order takeout. 拓展句：As for the question you raised regarding ordering meals online in China, I don’t often order takeout. 【点睛】[高分句型1] I think it has both advantages and disadvantages. (运用了省略从属连词that的宾语从句) [高分句型2] On the one hand, it’s very convenient, especially when I’m busy or don’t want to cook. (运用了从属连词when引导的时间状语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $